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3.

1415 x r2
Area of a
circle
Where r = radius of the circle

3.1415 x d
Circumference
of a circle
Where d = diameter of the circle

4
/3 x 3.1415 x r3
Volume of a
sphere
Where r = radius of the circle

4 x 3.1415 x r2
Area of a
sphere
Where r = radius of the circle

3.1415 x r2 x h

Volume of a Where r = radius of the circle


cylinder / pipe

h = height of cylinder / pipe

1
/3 x 3.1415 x r2 x h

Where r = radius of the circle

Volume of a
h = height of cone
cone
3.1415 x (r x s) + (3.1415 x r2)

Area of a cone Where r = radius of the circle

s = length of side of cone

(wxh)/2
Where w = width
Area of a
triangle
h = height

hxl
Where h = height
Area of a
parallelogram
l = length

wxlxh
Where w = width
Volume of a
box h = height
l = length
2 x [(w x l ) + ( l x h) + (h x w)]
Where w = width
Area of a box h = height

l = length
h x ((L1 + L2)/2)
Where h = height
L1 and L2 = top and bottom lengths
Area of a
trapezoid
[(A1 + A2)/2] x h
Volume of a Where h = height
tank A1 and A2 = area of top and bottom of
tank

Surface Area & Volume Formulas


Calculate Surface Area and Volume
Surface area and volume formulas are part of the math used in common science calculations.
You may need to calculate surface area and volume to
determine density, pressure andconcentration, for example. While it's a good idea to memorize
these formulas, here a list of surface area and volume formulas to use as a handy reference.
Triangle

A triangle is a three sided closed figure.


The perpendicular distance from the base to the opposite highest point is called the height ( h ).

Perimeter = a + b + c
Area = ½bh
Parallelogram

A parallelogram is a quadrangle where opposite sides are parallel to each other.


The perimeter ( P ) is the distance around the outside of the parallelogram.

P = 2a + 2b
The height ( h ) is the perpendicular distance from one parallel side to it's opposite side.

Area = b x h

It is important to measure the correct side in this calculation. In the figure, the height is measured
from side b to the opposite side b, so the Area is calculated as b x h, not a x h. If the height was
measured from a to a, then the Area would be a x h. Convention considers the side the height is
perpendicular to is called the 'base' and usually denoted with a b.
Square

A square is a quadrangle where all four sides are of equal length.

Perimeter = 4s
Area = s2
Rectangle

A rectangle is a special type of quadrangle where all the interior angles are equal to 90° and all
opposite sides are the same length.
The perimeter ( P ) is the distance around the outside of the rectangle.

P = 2h + 2w
Area = h x w
Trapezoid
A trapezoid is another special quadrangle where only two sides are parallel to each other.
The perpendicular distance between the two parallel sides is called the height ( h ).

Perimeter = a + b1 + b2 + c
Area = ½( b1 + b2 ) x h
Circle

A circle is an ellipse where the distance from the center to the edge is constant.
Circumference ( c ) is the distance around the outside of the circle.
Diameter ( d ) is the distance of the line through the center of the circle from edge to edge.
Radius ( r ) is the distance from the center of the circle to the edge.
The ratio between the circumference and the diameter is equal to the number π.

d = 2r
c = πd = 2πr
Area = πr2
Ellipse

An ellipse or oval is a figure that is traced out where the sum of the distances between two fixed
points is a constant.
The shortest distance between the center of an ellipse to the edge is called the semiminor axis (
r1 )
The longest distance between the center of an ellipse to the edge is called the semimajor axis (
r2 )

Area = πr1r2
Hexagon
A regular hexagon is a six sided polygon where each side is of equal length. This length is also
equal to the radius ( r ) of the hexagon.

Perimeter = 6r
Area = (3√3/2 )r2
Octagon

A regular octagon is a eight sided polygon where each side is of equal length.

Perimeter = 8a
Area = ( 2 + 2√2 )a2
Rectangular Solid

Surface Area = 2(lh) + 2(lw) + 2(wh)


Volume = l x h x w

where
l = length
h = height
w = width
Prism

A prism can be described as a stack of shapes. The figure shows a prism of triangles stacked d
thick, but any shape could be used.

Surface area = 2A + Pd
where
A = area of the base shape
P = perimeter of base shape
d = height of prism

Volume = Ad
Cylinder

A cylinder is a prism with a circular base.

Surface Area = 2πr2 + 2πrh


Volume = πr2h
Sphere

A sphere is a shape where the distance from the center to the edge is the same in all directions.
This distance is called the radius ( r ).

Surface area = 4πr2


Volume = 4/3πr3
Pyramid

A pyramid is a solid figure with a polygonal base and triangular faces that meet at a common
point over the center of the base.
The height ( h ) is the distance from the base to the apex or top of the pyramid.
The side length ( s ) is the height of the face triangles.
The perimeter ( P ) and the area ( A ) of the base is calculated according to the shape of the base.

Surface Area = ( ½ x P x s ) + A
Volume = 1/3 Ah

The figure shows a pyramid with a square base ( a = b ) with equalateral triangles for faces.
Surface area = a2 + √3( a2 )
Volume = √5(a3/6)
Cone

A cone is a pyramid with a circular base of radius ( r ) and the side length ( s ) is the length of the
side.

s = √( r2 + h2 )

Surface Area = πr2 + π( r x s )


Volume = 1/3( πr2h )
Computer Science : Formula for geometrical figures

pi (π)=3.1415926535 ...

Perimeter formula
Square 4 * side
Rectangle 2 * (length + width)
Parallelogram 2 * (side1 + side2)
Triangle side1 + side2 + side3
Regular n-polygon n * side
Trapezoid height * (base1 + base2) / 2
Trapezoid base1 + base2 + height * [csc(theta1) + csc(theta2)]
Circle 2 * pi * radius
Ellipse 4 * radius1 * E(k,pi/2)
E(k,pi/2) is the Complete Elliptic Integral of the Second Kind
k = (1/radius1) * sqrt(radius12 - radius22)
Area formula
Square side2
Rectangle length * width
Parallelogram base * height
Triangle base * height / 2
Regular n-polygon (1/4) * n * side2 * cot(pi/n)
Trapezoid height * (base1 + base2) / 2

Circle pi * radius2
Ellipse pi * radius1 * radius2

Cube (surface) 6 * side2


Sphere (surface) 4 * pi * radius2
Cylinder (surface of side) perimeter of circle * height
2 * pi * radius * height
Cylinder (whole surface) Areas of top and bottom circles + Area of the side
2(pi * radius2) + 2 * pi * radius * height
Cone (surface) pi * radius * side
Torus (surface) pi2 * (radius22 - radius12)
Volume formula
Cube side3
Rectangular Prism side1 * side2 * side3
Sphere (4/3) * pi * radius3
Ellipsoid (4/3) * pi * radius1 * radius2 * radius3
Cylinder pi * radius2 * height
Cone (1/3) * pi * radius2 * height
Pyramid (1/3) * (base area) * height
Torus (1/4) * pi2 * (r1 + r2) * (r1 - r2)2

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