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1415 x r2
Area of a
circle
Where r = radius of the circle
3.1415 x d
Circumference
of a circle
Where d = diameter of the circle
4
/3 x 3.1415 x r3
Volume of a
sphere
Where r = radius of the circle
4 x 3.1415 x r2
Area of a
sphere
Where r = radius of the circle
3.1415 x r2 x h
1
/3 x 3.1415 x r2 x h
Volume of a
h = height of cone
cone
3.1415 x (r x s) + (3.1415 x r2)
(wxh)/2
Where w = width
Area of a
triangle
h = height
hxl
Where h = height
Area of a
parallelogram
l = length
wxlxh
Where w = width
Volume of a
box h = height
l = length
2 x [(w x l ) + ( l x h) + (h x w)]
Where w = width
Area of a box h = height
l = length
h x ((L1 + L2)/2)
Where h = height
L1 and L2 = top and bottom lengths
Area of a
trapezoid
[(A1 + A2)/2] x h
Volume of a Where h = height
tank A1 and A2 = area of top and bottom of
tank
Perimeter = a + b + c
Area = ½bh
Parallelogram
P = 2a + 2b
The height ( h ) is the perpendicular distance from one parallel side to it's opposite side.
Area = b x h
It is important to measure the correct side in this calculation. In the figure, the height is measured
from side b to the opposite side b, so the Area is calculated as b x h, not a x h. If the height was
measured from a to a, then the Area would be a x h. Convention considers the side the height is
perpendicular to is called the 'base' and usually denoted with a b.
Square
Perimeter = 4s
Area = s2
Rectangle
A rectangle is a special type of quadrangle where all the interior angles are equal to 90° and all
opposite sides are the same length.
The perimeter ( P ) is the distance around the outside of the rectangle.
P = 2h + 2w
Area = h x w
Trapezoid
A trapezoid is another special quadrangle where only two sides are parallel to each other.
The perpendicular distance between the two parallel sides is called the height ( h ).
Perimeter = a + b1 + b2 + c
Area = ½( b1 + b2 ) x h
Circle
A circle is an ellipse where the distance from the center to the edge is constant.
Circumference ( c ) is the distance around the outside of the circle.
Diameter ( d ) is the distance of the line through the center of the circle from edge to edge.
Radius ( r ) is the distance from the center of the circle to the edge.
The ratio between the circumference and the diameter is equal to the number π.
d = 2r
c = πd = 2πr
Area = πr2
Ellipse
An ellipse or oval is a figure that is traced out where the sum of the distances between two fixed
points is a constant.
The shortest distance between the center of an ellipse to the edge is called the semiminor axis (
r1 )
The longest distance between the center of an ellipse to the edge is called the semimajor axis (
r2 )
Area = πr1r2
Hexagon
A regular hexagon is a six sided polygon where each side is of equal length. This length is also
equal to the radius ( r ) of the hexagon.
Perimeter = 6r
Area = (3√3/2 )r2
Octagon
A regular octagon is a eight sided polygon where each side is of equal length.
Perimeter = 8a
Area = ( 2 + 2√2 )a2
Rectangular Solid
where
l = length
h = height
w = width
Prism
A prism can be described as a stack of shapes. The figure shows a prism of triangles stacked d
thick, but any shape could be used.
Surface area = 2A + Pd
where
A = area of the base shape
P = perimeter of base shape
d = height of prism
Volume = Ad
Cylinder
A sphere is a shape where the distance from the center to the edge is the same in all directions.
This distance is called the radius ( r ).
A pyramid is a solid figure with a polygonal base and triangular faces that meet at a common
point over the center of the base.
The height ( h ) is the distance from the base to the apex or top of the pyramid.
The side length ( s ) is the height of the face triangles.
The perimeter ( P ) and the area ( A ) of the base is calculated according to the shape of the base.
Surface Area = ( ½ x P x s ) + A
Volume = 1/3 Ah
The figure shows a pyramid with a square base ( a = b ) with equalateral triangles for faces.
Surface area = a2 + √3( a2 )
Volume = √5(a3/6)
Cone
A cone is a pyramid with a circular base of radius ( r ) and the side length ( s ) is the length of the
side.
s = √( r2 + h2 )
pi (π)=3.1415926535 ...
Perimeter formula
Square 4 * side
Rectangle 2 * (length + width)
Parallelogram 2 * (side1 + side2)
Triangle side1 + side2 + side3
Regular n-polygon n * side
Trapezoid height * (base1 + base2) / 2
Trapezoid base1 + base2 + height * [csc(theta1) + csc(theta2)]
Circle 2 * pi * radius
Ellipse 4 * radius1 * E(k,pi/2)
E(k,pi/2) is the Complete Elliptic Integral of the Second Kind
k = (1/radius1) * sqrt(radius12 - radius22)
Area formula
Square side2
Rectangle length * width
Parallelogram base * height
Triangle base * height / 2
Regular n-polygon (1/4) * n * side2 * cot(pi/n)
Trapezoid height * (base1 + base2) / 2
Circle pi * radius2
Ellipse pi * radius1 * radius2