INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

ORGANISATION, BODIES AND

NON-GOVERNMENTAL
ORGANIZATION
 BIRD LIFE INTERNATIONAL, 1922
1. It is a global partnership of conservation organisations
that strives to conserve birds, their habitats and global
biodiversity, working with people towards sustainability in
the use of natural resources.
2. BirdLife International formerly the International Council
for Bird Preservation.
3. It is World’s largest nature conservation Partnership with
120 BirdLife Group/ Partners worldwide.
4. It is official Red List authority for birds only, for
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
5. It identifies sites known/referred to as ‘Important Bird
and Biodiversity Areas”
6. The group’s headquarters are located in Cambridge, UK.
 INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE (IUCN) , 1940
1. Founded in 1948 as the world’s first international
environmental organization working in the field of
nature conservation and sustainable use of natural
resources. @ Gland, near Geneva, in Switzerland.
2. It is involved in data gathering and analysis, research,
field projects, advocacy, and education.
3. IUCN's mission is to "influence, encourage and assist
societies throughout the world to conserve nature and to
ensure that any use of natural resources is equitable and
ecologically sustainable".
4. Official Observer Status at UN General Assembly.
5. It publishes Red data book contains list of Threatened
species (CR+EN+VU)
6. Not part of UN
 WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION (WMO), 1950
1. It is an intergovernmental organization with a
membership of 191 Member States and Territories.
2. It originated from the International Meteorological
Organization (IMO), which was founded in 1873.
3. WMO became specialised agency of United Nations for
meteorology (weather and climate), operational hydrology
and related geophysical sciences a year later.
4. It is the UN system's authoritative voice on the state and
behavior of the Earth's atmosphere, its interaction with
the oceans, the climate it produces and the resulting
distribution of water resources.
5. Organization is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.
6. India is Member
 WORLD WIDE FUND FOR NATURE (WWF), 1961
1. It is an international non-governmental organization
founded in 1961, World’s leading conservation NGO
2. It is working in the field of the wilderness preservation, and
reduction of human impact on the environment.
3. It was formerly named World Wildlife Fund, which remains
its official name in Canada and the United States.
4. Living Planet Report is published every two years by WWF
since 1998; it is based on a Living Planet Index and ecological
footprint calculation.
5. It is the world's largest conservation organization with over
five million supporters worldwide, working in more than 100
countries, supporting around 1,300 conservation and
environmental projects
6. Organization is headquartered in Gland, Switzerland
 GREEN PEACE, 1971
1. It is a non-governmental environmental organization
working for conservation and Protection of environment.
2. Greenpeace states its goal to "ensure the ability of the Earth
to nurture life in all its diversity".
3. Greenpeace campaigns are geared towards a sustainable
planet.
4. It focuses its campaigning on worldwide issues such as
global warming deforestation, overfishing, commercial
whaling, genetic engineering, and anti-nuclear issues.
5. Greenpeace has a general consultative status with the
United Nations Economic and Social Council

6. Organization is headquartered in Amsterdam, Netherlands

 UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME (UNEP), 1972
1. It is an agency of United Nations and coordinates its
environmental activities, assisting developing countries in
implementing environmentally sound policies and
practices. It is the voice for the environment within UN
2. It was founded by Maurice Strong, its first director, as a
result Stockholm Conference in June 1972
3. UNEP acts as a catalyst, advocate, educator and facilitator
to promote the wise use and sustainable development of the
global environment.
4. It has overall responsibility for environmental problems
among United Nations agencies but international talks on
specialized issues, such as addressing climate change
5. Organization is headquartered in Nairobi, Kenya
PEOPLE FOR THE ETHICAL TREATMENT OF ANIMALS (PETA, 1980)
1. PETA is largest animal rights organization in the world and a
Non profit organization. (American )
2. PETA focuses its attention on the four areas in which the largest
numbers of animals suffer the most intensely for the longest
periods of time: on factory farms, in the clothing trade, in
laboratories, and in the entertainment industry.
3. It work on a variety of other issues, including the cruel killing of
beavers, birds, and other “pests” as well as cruelty to
domesticated animals.
4. It functions/works through public education, cruelty
investigations, research, animal rescue, legislation, special
events, celebrity involvement, and protest campaigns.
5. Its slogan is "Animals are not ours to eat, wear, experiment on,
use for entertainment, or abuse in any other way."
6. Organization is headquartered in Norfolk, Virginia, United
States
 INTERNATIONAL WHALING COMMISSION, (IWC) 1982
1. It is an international body set up by terms of the International
Convention for Regulation of Whaling (ICRW).
2. It was created by voluntary agreement among member
nations to function as sole governing body with authority.
3. IWC act under International Convention for the Regulation
of Whaling which is an international environmental
agreement signed in 1946 in order to "provide for the proper
conservation of whale stocks and thus make possible the
orderly development of the whaling industry" and to
implement its economic and environmental goals
4. In 1982 IWC adopted a moratorium on commercial whaling.
Currently, Japan, Russia, and many nations oppose this
moratorium
INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE (IPCC) 1988
1. IPCC is a scientific and intergovernmental body under
the auspices(सहाय्य) of the United Nations
2. It was first established in 1988 by WMO & UNEP then
UNGA. Headquarters is at Geneva, Switzerland
3. Objective is scientific view of climate change and its
political and economic impacts.
4. IPCC provides an internationally accepted authority on
climate change, producing reports which have agreement
of leading climate scientists & consensus of participating
governments, it support UNFCCC.
5. 2007 Nobel Peace Prize was shared, in equal parts,
between the IPCC and Al Gore
6. 195 Member
 ARCTIC COUNCIL, 1991

1. Arctic Council is a high-level intergovernmental forum which addresses issues

faced by the Arctic governments and people living in the Arctic region.
2. Member states consist of the following:
3. Canada, Denmark; representing(Greenland, Faroe Islands) , Finland, Iceland,
Norway, Russia, Sweden, United States
 THE ECONOMY OF ECOSYSTEM AND BIODIVERSITY (TEEB), 2007
1. It is study led by Pavan Sukhdev

2. It is an international initiative to draw attention to the

global economic benefits of biodiversity.
3. Its objective is to highlight growing cost of biodiversity
loss and ecosystem degradation and to draw together
expertise from the fields of science, economics and policy
to enable practical actions.

4. TEEB presents an approach that can help decision-

makers recognize, demonstrate and capture the values of
ecosystem services & biodiversity.
 INTERNATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY AGENCY (IRENA), 2010
1. It is an intergovernmental organization to promote
adoption and sustainable use of renewable energy.
2. It was founded in 2009 and its statute entered into force
on 8 July 2010.

3. IRENA is an official United Nations observer.

4. 75 countries signed the Agency's statute

5. The agency is headquartered in Abu Dhabi.

 WORLD NATURE ORGANIZATION (WNO), 2014
1. It is an intergovernmental organization which promotes
global environmental protection.
2. WNO initiative was born in 2010 by states which are
threatened by rising sea levels.
3. The organization is focused on promoting activities,
technologies, economies, and renewable energies which are
regarded to be environment friendly; and reducing the
impact of climate change.
4. It promotes sustainable conduct as regards the natural
environment, together with new, environments-friendly
technologies, green economies and renewable energies.
5. Organization is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.
6. India is not member
INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
CONVENTIONS
 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE REGULATION OF WHALING (ICRW), 1946

1. It is an international environmental agreement for

proper conservation of whale stocks & thus make
possible the orderly development of the whaling
industry".
2. It governs commercial, scientific, aboriginal subsistence
whaling practices of 55 member nations.
3. It was signed by 15 nations in Washington, D.C. on 2
December 1946 and took effect on 10 November 1948
4. Objectives of agreement are the protection of all whale
species from overhunting, establishment of a system of
international regulation for the whale fisheries to ensure
proper conservation and development of whale.
5. Convention is a successor to the International Agreement
for the Regulation of Whaling, 1937
 RAMSAR CONVENTION ON WETLANDS OF INTERNATIONAL IMPORTANCE
ESPECIALLY AS WATERFOWL HABITAT, 1971
1. It is an international treaty for the conservation and
sustainable use of wetlands. It is also known as the
Convention on Wetlands.
2. It is named after the city of Ramsar in Iran, where the
Convention was signed in 1971.
3. Signed on 2 February 1971 2nd of February each
year is World Wetlands Day
4. It is based at the headquarters of the International Union
for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in Gland,
Switzerland.
5. List of Wetlands of International Importance included
2,266 Ramsar Sites in March 2016.
6. India has 26 Ramsar Sites
 STOCKHOLM CONVENTION, SWEDEN 1972
1. United Nations 1st Conference on the Human
Environment
2. It was held in Stockholm, Sweden from June 5–16 in
1972 initiated & hosted by Government of Sweden
3. United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) decided to
convene the 1972 Stockholm Conference.
4. Meeting agreed upon a Declaration containing 26
principles concerning the environment and development;
an Action Plan with 109 recommendations, and a
Resolution
 CONVENTION ON THE PREVENTION OF MARINE POLLUTION BY DUMPING
OF WASTES AND OTHER MATTER 1972
1. It commonly called the "London Convention" or "LC '72" and also abbreviated as
Marine Dumping, is an agreement to control pollution of the sea by dumping and to
encourage regional agreements supplementary to the Convention. It covers the
deliberate disposal at sea of wastes or other matter from vessels, aircraft, and
platforms.
2. It entered into force in 1975.
3. As of September 2016, there were 89 Parties to the Convention
CITES (CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES
OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA), 1973

1. It is a multilateral treaty to protect endangered plants

and animals, also known as the Washington Convention
2. It was drafted as a result of a resolution adopted in 1963
at a meeting of members of International Union for
Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
3. The convention was opened for signature in 1973 and
CITES entered into force on 1 July 1975.
4. Its aim is to ensure that international trade in specimens
of wild animals and plants does not threaten the survival
of the species in the wild, and it accords varying degrees
of protection to more than 35,000 species of animals and
plants.
 TRAFFIC (CONSERVATION PROGRAMME), WILDLIFE TRADE MONITORING
NETWORK, 1976
1. It is leading non-governmental organization working
globally on the trade of wild animals and plants in the
context of both biodiversity and sustainable development.
2. Founded in 1976 as a strategic alliance of World Wide
Fund for Nature (WWF) and International Union for
Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
3. The organization’s aim is to ‘ensure that trade in wild
plants and animals is not a threat to the conservation of
nature.

4. Founded in 1976, TRAFFIC’s headquarters are located

in Cambridge, United Kingdom
 CONVENTION ON THE CONSERVATION OF MIGRATORY SPECIES OF WILD
ANIMALS(CMS)/ BONN CONVENTION, 1979
1. Aims to conserve terrestrial, marine and avian migratory
species throughout their range.
2. It is an international treaty, concluded under the aegis of
the United Nations Environment Programme, concerned
with the conservation of wildlife and habitats on a global
scale.
3. CMS COP is known as Global Wildlife Conference.

4. Convention was signed in 1979 in Bad Godesberg, a

suburb of Bonn and entered into force in 1983.
 VIENNA CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE OZONE LAYER, 1985
1. It is a Multilateral Environmental Agreement.
2. It was agreed upon at Vienna Conference of 1985 and
entered into force in 1988.
3. In terms of universality, it is one of the most successful
treaties of all time, having been ratified by 197 states.
4. It acts as a framework for the international efforts to
protect the ozone layer.
5. However, it does not include legally binding reduction
goals for the use of CFCs, main chemical agents causing
ozone depletion.
6. These are laid out in the accompanying Montreal
Protocol
 MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYER, 1987

1. It is a protocol to the Vienna Convention for the

Protection of the Ozone Layer
2. It is an international treaty designed to protect ozone
layer by phasing out production of numerous substances
that are responsible for ozone depletion.
3. It was agreed on 16 September 1987, force on 1 January
1989
4. As a result of the international agreement, the ozone hole
in Antarctica is slowly recovering.
5. 2 ozone treaties have been ratified by 197 parties, making
them first universally ratified treaties in UN history
 EARTH SUMMIT, 1992
1. United Nations Conference on Environment and
Development (UNCED) Also known as the Rio de Janeiro
Earth Summit, Rio Summit, Rio Conference, and the
Earth Summit.
2. It was a major United Nations conference held in Rio de
Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992.
3. Rio+20 - In 2012 was also held in Rio, and is also
commonly called Rio+20 or Rio Earth Summit 2012.
• Outcomes- legally binding agreements for Signature-
1. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
2. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC)
3. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
4. United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
 CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY (CBD), (1992-93)
1. Known for Biodiversity Convention
2. It is multilateral treaty, with 3 main goals including:
conservation of biological diversity /biodiversity;
sustainable use of its components; and fair & equitable
sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources.
3. Objective is to develop national strategies for the
conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity.
4. It is often seen as the key document regarding
sustainable development.
5. Opened for signature at Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro
on 5 June 1992 and force on 29 Dec 1993.

6. It is Legally binding
 UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
(UNFCCC), 1994
1. It is main international environmental treaty on climate
change.
2. Headquarters is at UN Secretariat, New york
3. Adopted on 9 May 1992 & opened for signature at Earth
Summit & force on 21 March 1994
4. Objective is to "stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations
in atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous
anthropogenic interference with the climate system.
5. Framework sets non-binding limits on greenhouse gas
emissions for individual countries and contains no
enforcement mechanisms.
6. 196 Member
 UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION (UNCCD)
PARTICULARLY IN AFRICA, 1994
1. It is Convention to combat desertification and mitigate the
effects of drought through national action programs that
incorporate long-term strategies supported by
international cooperation and partnership arrangements.
2. Only convention stemming from a direct recommendation
of the Rio Conference's Agenda 21.
3. It was adopted in Paris, France on 17 June 1994 and
entered into force in December 1996.
4. It is only internationally legally binding agreement
/framework set up to address problem of desertification.
5. It is a Part of UN/
6. Secretariat located in Bonn @Germany . 197 Parties.
7. 2013:- Canada 1st country to withdraw
 STOCKHOLM CONVENTION ON PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS, 2001

1. It is an international environmental treaty, signed in

2001 and effective from May 2004.

2. Aims to eliminate or restrict the production and use of

persistent organic pollutants (POPs).
 ROTTERDAM CONVENTION, 2004
1. It is a multilateral treaty to promote shared
responsibilities in relation to importation of hazardous
chemicals.
2. The convention promotes open exchange of information
and calls on exporters of hazardous chemicals to use
proper labeling, include directions on safe handling, and
inform purchasers of any known restrictions or bans.
3. Signatory nations can decide whether to allow or ban the
importation of chemicals listed in the treaty, and
exporting countries are obliged to make sure that
producers within their jurisdiction comply.
4. 158, Parties
5. Rotterdam, the Netherlands
 MINAMATA CONVENTION ON MERCURY, 2013
1. It is an international treaty designed to protect human
health and the environment from anthropogenic
emissions and releases of mercury and mercury
compounds.
2. Convention was approved by delegates representing close
to 140 countries on 19 January 2013 in Geneva and
adopted and signed later that year on 10 October 2013 at
a Diplomatic Conference held in Kumamoto, Japan.
3. The Convention is named after the Japanese city
Minamata.

4. Indian cabinet given approval to ratify this convention.

SOUTH ASIA WILDLIFE ENFORCEMENT NETWORK (SAWEN), 2011
1. SAWEN is regional inter-governmental wildlife law
enforcement support body launched in January, 2011 in
Paro, Bhutan.
2. It aims at working collectively as a strong regional inter-
governmental body to combat wildlife crime by
attainting common mutual goals and approaches for
combating illegal trade in the region.
3. SAWEN’s regional network comprises of eight South
Asia countries: Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, Nepal,
Bhutan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Maldives.
4. SAWEN was established for mutual collaboration for
harmonising as well as enforcing the wildlife protection
in the region for effective conservation of such precious
biodiversity.
NATIONAL BODIES
 ANIMAL WELFARE BOARD OF INDIA (AWBI)
1. It is a statutory advisory body on Animal Welfare Laws
and promotes animal welfare in the country. Established
in 1962 under Section 4 of the Prevention of Cruelty to
Animals Act, 1960.
2. It was started under the stewardship of Late Smt.
Rukmini Devi Arundale, well known humanitarian.
3. From ensuring that animal welfare laws in the country
are diligently followed, to provide grants to Animal
Welfare Organizations and advising the Government of
India on animal welfare issues, the Board has been the
face of the animal welfare movement in the country for
the last 50 years.
4. The Board consists of 28 Members, The term of office of
Members is for a period of 3 years.
1. The Board was initially within the jurisdiction of the GoI India's Ministry of Food
and Agriculture. In 1990, the subject of Prevention of Cruelty to Animals was
transferred to the Ministry of Environment and Forests, where it now resides.
2. Objectives are Recognition of Animal Welfare Organizations, Financial assistance,
Animal welfare Laws and Rules, Raising awareness recommend government.
 WILDLIFE CRIME CONTROL BUREAU (WCCB)
1. It is a statutory multi-disciplinary body established by
the Government of India under the Ministry of
Environment and Forests, to combat organized wildlife
crime in the country.
2. It is mandated under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
3. WCCB would complement the efforts of the state
governments, primary enforcers of the Wildlife
(Protection) Act, 1972 and other enforcement agencies of
the country.
4. The Bureau was initially headed by a Senior Police
Officer of Inspector General of Police (IG) rank.
5. The Bureau has its headquarter in New Delhi and five
regional offices at Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai and
Jabalpur; three sub-regional offices at Guwahati,
Amritsar and Cochin; and five border units at
Ramanathapuram, Gorakhpur, Motihari, Nathula and
Moreh.
 WILDLIFE INSTITUTE OF INDIA (WII)
1. Wild Life Institute of India is an autonomous
body/institution under the Union Ministry of
Environment Forest and Climate Change.
2. It is based in Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand.

• Functions:
1. It conducts specialized research in areas of study like
Endangered Species, Biodiversity, Wildlife Management,
Wildlife Policy, Wildlife Forensics, Habitat Ecology,
Spatial Modelling, Eco development, and Climate
Change.
2. To look increase-decrease no of animals
3. Recommendation to government
 NATIONAL GREEN TRIBUNAL (NGT)
1. National Green Tribunal is a statutory body established
under National Green Tribunal Act of 2010.
2. It has replaced National Environment Appellate
Authority.
3. It has jurisdiction over all civil cases where a significant
question relating to environment is involved and would
deal with all environmental laws on air &water pollution.
4. It solved cases within 6 month on appeals & don’t follow
code of procedure 1908
5. It follow Natural justice for environment

6. It has Branches @ Bhopal, Pune, Kolkata, Chennai

1. It is created for effective and speedy disposal of cases relating to environmental
protection, conservation of forests and for the case seeking compensation for
damages caused to people or property due to violation of environmental laws.
2. Composition
1. Chairman:
1. Administrative head /
2. serving or retired Chief Justice of India/
3. serving or retired Chief Justice of high court/
4. judge of supreme court
2. Members: 40 (20 Administration+ 20 Judiciary)
1. At least 10 and maximum 20 Full time Judicial members and
2. At least 10 and maximum 20 Full time Expert Members.
 CENTRAL ZOO AUTHORITY (CZA)
1. Central Zoo Authority is a statutory body.
2. Zoos are regulated as per provisions of Wild Life
(Protection) Act, 1972 and are guided by National Zoo
Policy, 1998. Wild Life Protection Act was amended in 1991
and via this amendment; the Central Zoo Authority was
established.
3. It is headed by Minister of State for Environment &
Forests (Forests & Wildlife), Government of India.
4. Main objective is to enforce minimum standards and
norms for upkeep and health care of animals in India zoos
and restrain mushrooming of unplanned and ill-conceived
zoos that were cropping up in the country as adjuncts to
public parks, industrial complexes and way sides.
5. It is also approved by CITES
• The authority has the following functions:
1. Recognition of the Zoos.
2. Evaluation of the Zoos.
3. Coordination in the planned conservation breeding programme for endangered
species in Indian zoos.
4. Approval of the exchange proposals of animals between Indian zoos and between
Indian and foreign zoos.
5. Preparing and maintaining the studbooks
 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY AUTHORITY (NBA)
1. The NBA is a Statutory, Autonomous Body
2. It was established in 2003 to implement India’s Biological
Diversity Act (2002)
3. It performs facilitative, regulatory and advisory function
for the Government of India on issues of- conservation,
sustainable use of biological resources and fair and
equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the use of
biological resources
4. Headquarters: Chennai, Tamil Nadu
5. Structure: The Authority, Secretariat, SBBs, BMCs and
Expert Committees
6. Since its establishment, NBA has supported creation of
SBBs in 29 States and, facilitated establishment of
around 37,769 BMCs
• Objectives:
1. To prepare State of Forest Report biennially, providing assessment of latest forest
cover in the country and monitoring changes in these
2. To conduct inventory in forest and non-forest areas & develop database on forest
tree resources
3. To prepare thematic maps on 1:50,000 scale, using aerial photographs
4. To function as a nodal agency for collection, compilation, storage and dissemination
of spatial database on forest resources
5. To conduct training of forestry personnel in application of technologies related to
resources survey, remote sensing, GIS, etc
6. To strengthen research & development infrastructure in FSI and to conduct
research on applied forest survey techniques
7. To support State/UT Forest Departments (SFD) in forest resources survey, mapping
and inventory
8. To undertake forestry related special studies/consultancies and custom made
training courses for SFD’s and other organisations on project basis
 NATIONAL TIGER CONSERVATION AUTHORITY (NTCA), 2055
1. It is a statutory body under the Ministry of Environment,
Forests and Climate Change
2. It was constituted under enabling provisions of the
Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, as amended in 2006, for
strengthening tiger conservation, as per powers and
functions assigned to it under the said Act.
3. Chairman of the National Tiger Conservation Authority
is Minister for Environment & Forests.
4. It has been fulfilling its mandate for strengthening tiger
conservation in the country by retaining an oversight
through advisories/normative guidelines, based on
appraisal of tiger status, ongoing conservation initiatives
and recommendations of specially constituted
Committees.
1. ‘Project Tiger’ is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme of the Environment, Forests and
Climate Change, providing funding support to tiger range States, for in-situ
conservation of tigers in designated tiger reserves, and has put the endangered tiger
on an assured path of recovery by saving it from extinction, as revealed by the
recent findings of the All India tiger estimation using the refined methodology.
NATIONAL ORGANNISATION
 ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA (ZSI)
1. It is a premier Indian organization in zoological research
and studies.
2. It was established on 1 July 1916 to promote the survey,
exploration and research of the fauna in the region.
3. Activities of ZSI are coordinated by Conservation and
Survey Division under Ministry of Environment
4. It has purpose of animal taxonomy and conservation
5. Headquarters- Kolkata
6. History of ZSI begins from days of Asiatic Society of
Bengal founded by Sir William Jones on 15 Jan 1784.
7. Asiatic Society of Bengal was the mother institution not
only to the Indian Museum (1875) but also to the
institutions like the Zoological Survey of India and the
Geological Survey of India
 BOTANICAL SURVEY OF INDIA (BSI)
1. It is apex research organization under MOEF for
carrying out taxonomic and floristic studies on wild plant
resources of the country, was established by George king.
2. BSI was established on 13th February, 1890 with the basic
objective to explore the plant resources of the country
and to identify the plants species with economic virtues.

• Functions:-
1. Classification of plant & plant survey, exploration of new
Plant
2. British has established 4 Botanical garden in India
3. Repository collection of Plant
4. It prepare Red Data of India
 NATIONAL BOARD FOR WILDLIFE (NBWL)
1. It is “Statutory Organization” constituted under
Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
2. Theoretically, the board is “advisory” in nature and
advises Central Government on framing policies and
measures for conservation of wildlife in the country.
3. However, it is a very important body because it
serves as apex body to review all wildlife-related
matters and approve projects in and around national
parks and sanctuaries.
• Composition
1. It is chaired by India’s Prime Minister and its vice
chairman is Minister of Environment.
2. Members include 15 non-government members, 19
ex-officio members and 10 government officials such
as secretaries.
• Functions & Importance
1. Primary function of the Board is to promote the conservation & development of
wildlife and forests.
2. It has power to review all wildlife-related matters and approve projects in and
around national parks and sanctuaries.
3. No alternation of boundaries in national parks and wildlife sanctuaries can be done
without approval of the NBWL
 CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD (CPCB)
1. It is a statutory organization under the Ministry of
Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC).
2. It was established in 1974 under the Water (Prevention and
Control of Pollution) Act, 1974.
3. CPCB is also entrusted with powers and functions under the
Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.
4. It serves as a field formation and also provides technical
services to the Ministry of Environment and Forests under the
provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
5. It Co-ordinates the activities of the State Pollution Control
Boards by providing technical assistance and guidance and
also resolves disputes among them.
6. It is the apex organisation in country in the field of pollution
control, as a technical wing of MoEF.
7. The board is led by its chairman, who is nominated by the
Central Government
 INDIAN COUNCIL OF FORESTRY RESEARCH AND EDUCATION (ICFRE)
1. ICFRE is an autonomous organization or governmental
agency under the Ministry of Environment and Forests.
2. Headquartered in Dehradun.

• Functions
1. To conduct forestry research
2. Transfer the technologies developed to the states of India
and other user agencies;
3. To impart forestry education.
4. The council has 9 research institutes and 4 advanced
centres to cater to the research needs of different bio-
geographical regions. These are located at Dehradun,
Shimla, Ranchi, Jorhat, Jabalpur, Jodhpur, Bangalore,
Coimbatore, Allahabad, Chhindwara, Aizawl, Hyderabad
and Agartala
 GENETIC ENGINEERING ADVISORY COMMITTEE &
BIOTECHNOLOGY REGULATORY AUTHORITY OF INDIA (BRAI)
1. Biotechnology Regulatory Authority of India (BRAI) is a
proposed regulatory body in India for uses of
biotechnology products including genetically modified
organisms (GMOs).
2. The institute was first suggested under the Biotechnology
Regulatory Authority of India (BRAI) draft bill prepared
by the Department of Biotechnology in 2008.
3. It works under the Dept of Biotechnology, Ministry of
Environment, Forests and Climate change.
4. It approves field trials for genetically modified crops.
5. It can revoke, prohibit and take punitive action for non-
compliance.
6. It approves use of microbes in research, production from
environmental point
 FOREST SURVEY OF INDIA (FSI)

1. It is premier national organization under union Ministry

of Environment and Forests
2. It is responsible for assessment and monitoring of the
forest resources of the country regularly
3. In addition, it is also engaged in providing the services of
training, research and extension.
• Forest Surrey in India-
1. India is ranked 10th in the world, with
24.4% of land area under forest and tree
cover.
2. Lakshadweep largest forest cover as per
%
3. Madhya Pradesh largest forest cover as
per area
 CENTRE FOR SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENT
1. It is a public interest research and advocacy organisation
based in New Delhi.
2. CSE researches into, lobbies for & communicates urgency of
development that is both sustainable and equitable.
3. Established in 1980, CSE works as a think tank on
environment-development issues in India, poor planning,
climate shifts devastating India’s Sundarbans and advocates
for policy changes and better implementation of the already
existing policies.
4. Aim of CSE is to raise concerns, participate in seeking answers
and more importantly, in pushing for answers and
transforming these into policy and so practice.
5. CSE does this through its research and by communicating the
understanding through its publications.
6. This is called knowledge-based activism.
 CAMPENSATORY AFFORESTATION FUND MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING
AUTHORITY (CAMPA)
1. CAMPA has been created by the Ministry of Environment and Forests.
2. It creates Compensatory Afforestation Fund (CAF) by the Ministry of Environment
and Forests.
3. CAMPA Bill has established Permanent National Compensatory Afforestation Fund
under Public Account of India.
4. It also allows states to establish State Compensatory Afforestation Funds.
5. The National Fund will be under the central government, and managed by a
National Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority
(CAMPA).
6. Central government will appoint a State CAMPA in each state.
7. The State CAMPA will be responsible for the management of the State Fund.
 BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY (BNHS), 1883
1. Founded in 1883
2. It is, is one of largest non-governmental organizations in
India engaged in conservation and biodiversity research.
3. BNHS is the partner of BirdLife International in India.
Headquartered at Mumbai.
4. It has designated as 'Scientific and Industrial Research
Organisation' by Department of Science and Technology.

5. It strives to conserve nature through action-based

research, education and public awareness.

6. It organizes and conducts nature trails and camps for the

general public.