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8051 | Electronic Projects

Bank Security System

Description Circuit Diagram Source Code

Overhead line equipment

Importers & manufacturers of medium voltage safety & surge equipment OPEN
liveline.co.za

Contributor: Nayan Trivedi, Bhavnagar, India

BACKGROUND

One day at the evening time I was talking with my uncle on telephone. He asked me some question base on my learning

means what are you learning? which type of engineering are you doing? He ask me that have you made something new

during your engineering? That time I don’t have any answer. But the time comes in final year. He is officer in bank . once he

told me that because of one rap our security system break and because of that I have to go there at night. Can u prevent this

and can make the system batter than this?.that day I have decided to make security system of bank which is more reliable

than this one. We have combine all type of security system in this one. You can secure all type of security which is useful for

one organization. Simply anyone can say that project of 50$ can prevent more than 50000$..!!!!

INTRODUCTION

We are going to make a that project which every one required. Now days it is very important to prevent bank from thief. We are

saving our money in bank so it is equally important to save bank from thief. Now, day by day the number of larceny is

increasing so it is very important to prevent bank from burglar. This BSS saves your bank from burglar. This circuit can prevent

bank from thief. MSG automatically sent when any thief came into your bank or they try to break lock of your Locker. Can you

ever imagine that you are getting MSG about your bank security!!

Description

MICROCONROLLER

Basically used for control actions.It is used to control the operation of machine using fixed program that is stored in

ROM/EPROM and that does not change over the life time.

The AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4K bytes of Flash programmable and

erasable read only memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology

and is compatible with the industry-standard MCS-51 instruction set and pinout. The on-chip Flash allows the program

memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit

CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C51 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly-flexible and

cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications

The 3310 is a compact but somewhat heavy (133 g) phone featuring an 84 x 48 monochrome

display. It has a lighter 115 g battery variant which has fewer features; for example the 133g battery version has the start-up

image of two hands touching while the 115 g version doesn't. It is a slightly rounded rectangular unit that is typically held in the

palm of a hand, with the buttons operated with the thumb. The blue button is the main button for selecting options, with "C"

button as a "back" or "undo" button. Up and down buttons are used for navigation purposes. The on/off/profile button is a stiff

black button located on the top of the phone. It has a very sturdy design which was a big contribution for its success. However,

radiation is high with SAR = 0.96 W/kg.

Exclusive Digi-key Tools

Embedded Integrated Circuit
Hardware Connectors Transducers
computers Circuits Protection

Sensor

1. Infrared sensor

Infrared (IR) radiation is part of the electromagnetic spectrum,which includes radio waves, microwaves, visible light, and
ultraviolet light, as well as gamma rays and X-rays. The IR range falls between the visible portion of the spectrum and radio
waves. IR wavelengths are usually expressed in microns, with the lR spectrum extending from 0.7 to 1000 microns. Only the
0.7-14 micron band is used for IR temperature measurement. Using advanced optic systems and detectors, noncontact IR
thermometers can focus on nearly any portion or portions of the0.7-14 micron band. Because every object (with the exception
of a blackbody) emits an optimum amount of IR energy at a specific point along the IR band, each process may require unique
sensor models with specific optics and detector types.
Working of IR Sensor:
The basic idea is to send infra red light through IR-LEDs, which is then reflected by any object in front of the sensor.
Then all you have to do is to pick-up the reflected IR light. For detecting the reflected IR light, we are going to use a very
original technique: we are going to use another IR-LED, to detect the IR light that was emitted from another led of the exact
same type!
This is an electrical property of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) which is the fact that a led Produce a voltage difference across its

leads when it is subjected to light. As if it was a photo-cell, but with much lower output current. In other words, the voltage

generated by the leds can't be - in any way - used to generate electrical power from light, It can barely be detected. that's why

Opams are mostly used for accurately detection of low voltages.

how the receiver of the sensor measures the distance of the

intruding object:
As you know This is an electrical property of Photo Voltaic Cells(Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)) which is the fact that a led
Produce a voltage difference across its leads when it is subjected to light. So By using this property you can measure the
distance of an object
The output of these sensor is in Analog voltage format. It varies from Distance from Object. So you can interface it with an
ADC and then read this analog voltage by using micro controller and calibrate it into any scale.
for more details visit the link given bellow which can five you an idea how to interface sharp sensor with Micro controller.
Advantages of IR Sensor:
1. Easily available in Market.
2. Easy to interface.

Disadvantages of IR Sensor:
1. Higly influenced by Environmental Noises like Ambient light, radiations etc.

2. Audio sensor

Audio sensor

The sound level channel works over the 55dB to 100dB range (approximately from quiet conversation to a loud motorcycle).

The human ear does does not respond equally to all frequencies (it peaks at about 3kHz which corresponds to a baby crying).

To allow for this non linearity, sound level has been 'A-Law' weighted to approximately match the response of the human ear.

Typical uses for this channel include.

3. LDR:-
A or light dependent resistor or cadmium sulphide (CdS) cell is a resistor whose resistance decreases with increasing incident
light intensity. It can also be referred to as a photoconductor.

A photo resistor is made of a high resistance semiconductor. If light falling on the device is of high enough frequency,
photons absorbed by the semiconductor give bound electrons enough energy to jump into the conduction band. The resulting
free electron (and its hole partner) conduct electricity, thereby lowering resistance.

A photoelectric device can be either intrinsic or extrinsic. An intrinsic semiconductor has its own charge carriers and is not an
efficient semiconductor, e.g. silicon. In intrinsic devices the only available electrons are in the valence band, and hence the
photon must have enough energy to excite the electron across the entire band gap. Extrinsic devices have impurities, also
called do pants, added whose ground state energy is closer to the conduction band; since the electrons do not have as far to
jump, lower energy photons (i.e., longer wavelengths and lower frequencies) are sufficient to trigger the device. If a sample of
silicon has some of its atoms replaced by phosphorus atoms (impurities), there will be extra electrons available for conduction.
This is an example of an extrinsic semiconductor.

SWITCH:

In electronics, a switch is an electrical component that can break an electrical circuit, interrupting the current or diverting it

from one conductor to another.[1][2] The most familiar form of switch is a manually operated electromechanical device with one

or more sets of electrical contacts. Each set of contacts can be in one of two states: either 'closed' meaning the contacts are

touching and electricity can flow between them, or 'open', meaning the contacts are separated and nonconducting.

A switch may be directly manipulated by a human as a control signal to a system, such as a computer keyboard button, or to
control power flow in a circuit, such as a light switch. Automatically-operated switches can be used to control the motions of
machines, for example, to indicate that a garage door has reached its full open position or that a machine tool is in a position
to accept another workpiece. Switches may be operated by process variables such as pressure, temperature, flow, current,
voltage, and force, acting as sensors in a process and used to automatically control a system. For example, a thermostat is a
temperature-operated switch used to control a heating process. A switch that is operated by another electrical circuit is called a
relay. Large switches may be remotely operated by a motor drive mechanism. Some switches are used to isolate electric
power from a system, providing a visible point of isolation that can be pad-locked if necessary to prevent accidental operation
of a machine during maintenance, or to prevent electric shock.
In the simplest case, a switch has two conductive pieces, often metal, called contacts that touch to complete (make) a circuit,
and separate to open (break) the circuit. The contact material is chosen for its resistance to corrosion, because most metals
form insulating oxides that would prevent the switch from working. Contact materials are also chosen on the basis of electrical
conductivity, hardness (resistance to abrasive wear), mechanical strength, low cost and low toxicity.

Sometimes the contacts are plated with noble metals. They may be designed to wipe against each other to clean off any
contamination. Nonmetallic conductors, such as conductive plastic, are sometimes used.

Toggle switch

A toggle switch is a class of electrical switches that are manually actuated by a mechanical lever, handle, or rocking
mechanism.

Toggle switches are available in many different styles and sizes, and are used in countless applications. Many are designed to
provide, e.g., the simultaneous actuation of multiple sets of electrical contacts, or the control of large amounts of electric
current or mains voltages.

The word "toggle" is a reference to a kind of mechanism or joint consisting of two arms, which are almost in line with each
other, connected with an elbow-like pivot. However, the phrase "toggle switch" is applied to a switch with a short handle and a
positive snap-action, whether it actually contains a toggle mechanism or not.

Toggle switch:

A toggle switch is a class of electrical switches that are manually actuated by a mechanical lever, handle, or rocking
mechanism.
Toggle switches are available in many different styles and sizes, and are used in countless applications. Many are designed to
provide, e.g., the simultaneous actuation of multiple sets of electricalcontacts, or the control of large amounts of electric
current or mains voltages.

· Max 232

DESCRIPTION

MAX232 is compatible with RS-232 standard, and consists of dual transceiver. Each receiver converts TIA/EIA-232-E levels

into 5V TTL/CMOS levels. Each driver converts TTL/COMS levels into TIA/EIA-232-E levels. The MAX232 is characterized for

operation from -40C to +85C for all packages.

MAX232 is purposed for application in high-performance information processing systems and control devices of wide

application.
APPLICATION:

Battery-Powered RS232 Systems

Terminals

Modems

Computers

· POWER SUPPLY:

This circuit is a small +5V power supply.The circuit will provide a regulated voltage to the external circuit which may also I am
required in any part of the external circuit or the whole external circuit.The best part is that you can also use it to convert AC
voltage to DC and then regulate it ,simlpy You need a transformer to make the AC main drop down to a safe value i.e 12-15
volts and then us a rectifier to convert AC into DC.

This circuit can give +5V output at about 150 mA current, but it can be increased to 1 A when good cooling is added to 7805
regulator chip. The circuit has over overload and therminal protection. The capacitors must have enough high voltage rating to
safely handle the input voltage feed to circuit. The circuit is very easy to build for example into a piece of veroboard.

If you need other voltages than +5V, you can modify the circuit by replacing the 7805 chips with another regulator with different
output voltage from regulator 78xx chip family. The last numbers in the the chip code tells the output voltage. Remember that
the input voltage muts be at least 3V greater than regulator output voltage ot otherwise the regulator does not work well.
Dont forget to check the pin diagram before connecting the IC.

Working of the system

WORKING

Most Nokia phones have F-Bus and M-Bus connections that can be used to connect a phone to a PC or in our case a

microcontroller. The connection can be used for controlling just about all functions of the phone, as well as uploading new

firmware etc. This bus will allow us to send and receive SMS messages.

The very popular Nokia 3310/3315 has the F/M Bus connection under the battery holder. This is a bit of a pain to get to and

requires a special cable to make the connection. The left picture above shows the 4 gold pads used for the F and M Bus. The

right picture shows the F-Bus cable connected to my Nokia 3310.

Nokia download cables are available from most mobile phone shops and some electronics stores. The cable contains

electronics to level convert 3V signals to RS232 type signals.

M-Bus is a one pin bi-directional bus for both transmitting and receiving data from the phone. It is slow (9600bps) and only

half-duplex. Only two pins on the phone are used. One ground and one data. M-Bus runs at 9600bps, 8 data bits, odd parity,

one stop bit. The data terminal ready (DTR) pin must be cleared with the request to send (RTS). This powers the electronics in

the cable and I think it sets it for M-Bus operation.

F-Bus is the later high-speed full-duplex bus. It uses one pin for transmitting data and one pin for receiving data plus the
ground pin. Very much like a standard serial port. It is fast 115,200bps, 8 data bits, no parity, one stop bit. For F-Bus the data
terminal ready (DTR) pin must be set and the request to send (RTS) pin cleared.
The F-Bus is bi-directional serial type bus running at 115,200bps, 8 data bits. The serial cable contains electronics for level

conversion and therefore requires power. The first thing to do is supply power to the cable electronics and this is done by

setting the DTR (Data Terminal Ready) pin and clearing the RTS (Request to Send) pin.

whenever anyone try to get into your home you will get SMS in your mobile like “someone is trying to open your door (or

window or locker)”.we have put IR sensor And 4 different sensors at different place(in prototype) and it will send command to

Microcontroller. Microcontroller will send command to Mobile and that mobile will send SMS to your mobile, msg contain exact

location of thief and msg would be continues tracking location of thief and send SMS to user. In “SAFE mode” when thieves

will break your locker at that time police officer will get location of your Home. When you will reply with “LOCK” your home will

became locked (In smart home) and thieves will be trap in your home. You also you reset whole security system by one SMS

from remote place

How to send a SMS message with F-Bus?

Now that we know how to send frames on the bus, we should look at sending an SMS message. It is not a hard process, once

you can pack the message into 7-bit characters!

Let's say we want to decode the string 'hello'. First I have displayed 'hello' in hexadecimal using the character map provided in

GSM 03.38. For A to Z and numbers its just the standard ASCII conversion.

h e l l o (ASCII characters)

68 65 6C 6C 6F (In hexadecimal)

1101000 1100101 1101100 1101100 1101111 (In Binary)

When dealing with binary, it makes life easier to write everything backwards. The first byte in the string is on the right. The

least significant bit is then displayed on the left with the most significant bit on the left. Shown below is the same string of 'hello'

just displayed backwards. Then it's just a matter to dividing the binary values into bytes starting with the first character in the

string. (Start from right and go to left.) The first decoded byte is simply the first 7 bits of the first character with the first bit of the

second character added to the end as shown below. The next decoded byte in then the remaining 6 bits from the second

character with two bits of the third byte added to the end. This process just keeps going until all characters are decoded. The

last decoded byte is the remaining bits from the last character with the most significant bits packed with zeros.

6F 6C 6C 65 68

1101111 1101100 1101100 1100101 1101000 (The ASCII characters shown in binary)

110 11111101 10011011 00110010 11101000 (The above binary just split into 8 bit segments)

06 FD 9B 32 E8 (The 8 bit segments decoded into hex)

The message hello is therefore E8 32 9B FD 06 when packed.

When playing with sending SMS messages a lot of decoding is required. Therefore I wrote a few small programs to

automatically pack and unpack the data for me. The first program allows me to input the string to be packed in the top memo

box and when the button 'Pack' is pressed the top string is packed ready to go!

This program below, will both unpack and then pack the message. It was used to read the packed messages from my serial

protocol analyzer. It also tests my subroutines in C for both pack and unpack. Already for my AT90S8535 microcontroller!

frame sent to my Nokia 3310 (showed as a Hex dump) 98 Bytes:

1E 00 0C 02 00 21 00 01 00 01 02 00 0A 91 89 25 00 01 20 00 00 00 15 00 00 00 24 0A 91 49 62 95 22 68 00 00 00 00 A7

00 00 00 00 00 00

41 66 51 4A 05 E9 40 49 29 68 5A 1C 56 A5 49 6A 16 84 0C 4E 41 C2 62 D1 09 12 4A 8B C1 65 91 D8 50 00 43 00 xx xx

F-Bus Frame Header

Byte 0: F-Bus Frame ID. We are on Cable (0x1E)

Byte 1: Destination address.

Byte 2: Source address.

Byte 3: Message Type or 'command'. 0x02 (SMS Handling).

Byte 4 & 5: Message length. In our case it is 0x0021 bytes long or 83 bytes in decimal.

(SMS) Short Message Service Frame Header

Byte 6 to 8: Start of the SMS Frame Header. 0x00, 0x01, 0x00

Byte 9 to 11: 0x01, 0x02, 0x00 = Send SMS Message

(SMSC) Short Message Service Centre (12 Bytes)

Byte 12: SMS Centre number length. 0x07 is 7 bytes long. This includes SMSC Number Type and SMS Centre Phone Number

Byte 13: SMSC number type e.g. 0x81-unknown 0x91-international 0xa1-national

Byte 14 to 23: (Octet format) SMS Centre Phone Number In this case +9825001002

(TPDU) Transfer Protocol Data Unit

Byte 24: Message Type

XXXX XXX1 = SMS Submit - The short message is transmitted from the Mobile Station (MS) to the Service Centre (SC).

XXXX XXX0 = SMS Deliver - The short message is transmitted from the SC to the MS.

In our case it is 0x15 = 0001 0101 in binary. The message is SMS Submit, Reject Duplicates, and Validity Indicator present.

Byte 25: Message Reference if SMS Deliver & Validity Indicator used (Not used in this case).

Byte 26: Protocol ID. Refer to GSM 3.40 - 9.2.3.9 TP-Protocol-Identifier (TP-PID)

Byte 27: Data Coding Scheme.

Byte 28: Message Size is 0x33 in hex or 51 bytes long in decimal. This is the size of the unpacked message.

Destination's Phone Number (12 Bytes)

Byte 29: Destination's number length.

Byte 30: Number type e.g. 0x81-unknown 0x91-international 0xa1-national

Byte 31 to 40: (Octet format) Destination's Phone Number

Validity Period (VP)

Byte 41: Validity-Period Code. Time period during which the originator considers the short message to be valid.

Byte 42 to 47: Service Centre Time Stamp

The SMS Message (SMS-SUBMIT)

Byte 46 to78 : This is the SMS message packed into 7 bit characters. SMS Point-to-Point Character Packing .

("ALERT : IR SECURITY HAS BEEN BREAKED"

41 66 51 4A 05 E9 40 49 29 68 5A 1C 56 A5 49 6A 16 84 0C 4E 41 C2 62 D1 09 12 4A 8B C1 65 91 D8 50)

Byte 79: Always 0x00

The F-Bus usual ending

Byte 80: Packet Sequence Number

Byte 81: Padding Byte - String is old and requires to be even!

Byte 82 & 83: Odd & even checksum bytes.

APPLICATION

· It can be useful in every place where higher security is required.

· It will provide high security in Bank, Our home.

· Thief detection is very easy.

· Simply this Project of $50 save your millions of $.

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Comments

Thank U Nayan
Submitted by Lokendra Khati on Wed, 06/07/2011 -
00:58

Thank U Nayan Trivedia...........keep it up.

I need a block diagram of this project could u mind

sending this.

my email is lsk_khati@yahoo.com

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Hi, You have a concept but

Submitted by Yogesh Asati on Sun, 18/11/2012 -
16:17

Hi,

You have a concept but this project is not giving

the detail of the project because your working on
code only and regarding the components, working
and interfacing you just searched in google and
what ever the data is in internet you just copy and
past it.

concept is goog but u need to work on it.

GOOD LUCK....

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gd,,,
Submitted by albin on Mon, 08/08/2011 - 15:35

gd,,,

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Great work boy

Submitted by Usman Asghar on Fri, 19/08/2011 - 11:38

Great work boy

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I need a block diagram of

Submitted by ranjith on Wed, 14/12/2011 - 21:29

I need a block diagram of this project could u mind

sending this.mail id 1212ranjith@gmail.com

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Hi Nayan, very nice work..

Submitted by Israel Rabago on Mon, 19/12/2011 -
21:18

Hi Nayan, very nice work.. Can you send me the block

diagram of this project? My email
rabago.israel007@gmail.com.. Thank you.

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nice.......
Submitted by rahul on Sun, 18/03/2012 - 14:04

nice.......

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sir plz tell me completeBank