Waramas Snow (1008)

 
Information log 
 
Knowledge Section: Things you know  Question Section: Things you know that you 
don’t know 

1. Overfishing is quite similar to  13/05/19 

overexploitation but it occurs under the sea.  1. What is the definition of overfishing? 
2. Overexploitation is an act where human 
2. What is some example of overfishing? 
overhunts animal  
3. Is the main reason of overfishing from 
3. The specific purposes of overexploitation  human 
include clothing, foods and hunting  14/05/19 
4. Overfishing leads to the destruction of  1. How the plastic affect the marine life? 
natural and animal resources.   2. What are the type of the plastic? 
5. The amount of costs is fatal for the species.  3. Is the PP plastic type is the main causes 
of polluted water? 
 
15/05/19 
1. How toxic from plastic effect 
environment? 
2. What is the chemical is damage the 
ocean? 
3. What are the benefit of cleaning ocean? 
21/05/19 
1. What is the solution of waste in ocean? 
2. Is it possible to fix the environment? 
3. What if the problem continue happen? 
1.  
 

Things you learned. 

Overfishing Definition (13/05/19) 

● Overfishing is quite similar to overexploitation but it occurs under the sea.  
● About 650,000 marine animals around the world become the victims by the fishermen and 
improved fishing equipments such as nets because they are made into seafood industry. 
● Example of Overfishing  
○ Big  net  fishing:  ​Using  big net can catch fish around ten thousand pounds per one time. And it 
might  cause  degraded  ecosystem.  By  using  it  many  fish  has to die even they are a tiny fish or a 
big fish. Killing fish by not use the proper way same like a big net able to make the environment 
loss the balance.
● Waste in ocean 
○ This is another factor that leads to environmental impacts such as destruction of fish. 
○ Nowadays, there are many trash in ocean such as plastic, glass. 
○ The thing that cause very big problem is PLASTIC.  
○ There are many type of plastic that floating in surface of ocean. 
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○ The vast majority of plastics retrieved were made of rigid or hard polyethylene (PE) or 
polypropylene (PP), or derelict fishing gear. 
○ And all of this tash are affect the entire biomagnification in ecosystem.  
○ The number of plastic trash increase every single day. Due to its size and color, fish and other 
animal confuse between plastic and food.  

 
Factors of Overfishing 
● Overuse plastic:  
○ Plastics are the main reasons that cause marine life. This waste has become ubiquitous 
substances in the ocean.  
○ 84% of samples contained toxic chemical in excess 
○ There are 700 species, encountered with 92% of plastic marine trash. Moreover 
○ There are 17% of the species affected by plastic, becoming Red List of Threatened 
Species.
○ Chromatography is the process that identify the various chemicals from various types 
and sizes of the plastics. 
● Toxicity: 
○ It is commonly known that harmful PBT (Persistent Bioaccumulative Toxic) chemicals 
are found in ocean plastics, so researchers at The Ocean Cleanup tested plastic samples 
from the expeditions for their chemical levels. Their results helped them to realize what 
chemicals are present in the patch and what that means for animals feeding there. 
● Poor Fisheries Management : 
○ The fishing industry has long been weighed down by a lack of management oversight 
and proper government regulations. Traceability of fishing activities has been a great 
challenge as well. 
○ The rules and regulations we have today have proven to be ineffective  
○ When it comes to limiting fishing capacity to sustainable levels. And the high seas are 
the most affected. 
○ Namely, there are insufficient fishing regulations in the high seas. And the existing 
regulations are normally not enforced. Most fisheries management organs lack the 
capacity to adequately apply scientific advice of fish quotas. 
○ Moreover, customs agencies and fish retailers can’t always ascertain the fish coming 
into their country is caught through proper channels. 
● Illegal and Unregulated Fishing Activities 
○ Illegal fishing activities include poaching, taking more than the allowed amount of 
catch, and fishing out of season. According to WWF, illegal fishing accounts for about 
20 percent of the world’s catch and up to 50 percent in some fisheries. 
○ Unregulated fishing practices that result in grave harm include by-catch (as explained in 
the previous point) and Trawling. Trawling involves scraping along the bottom of the 
sea to gather fish. This practice is one of the major causes of destruction to marine 
habitats. 
○  
 
 
Solutions/Management Plans of overfishing 
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● Working with governments:  

○ The lack of regulations and specific policy, and the fact that fishing has been an 
industry tied to the history of humans and civilization, many groups, like the World 
Wildlife Fund, are helping countries learn to prepare adequate and effective 
management protocols. 
● Helping developing countries:  
○ Because fishing is a crucial industry in many poor and developing nations, conservation 
efforts are focusing on helping these areas set-up procedures to ensure sustainability in 
the long run. 
● Educating retailers:  
○ Another way that conservationists are trying to change the problem of overfishing is by 
working with retailers to educate them on ways to purchase their seafood from 
sustainable fisheries. The hope is that by building support for the cause on this level, 
more pressure will be put on fisheries to comply with the standards. 
● Reducing subsidies: 
○ Many governments subsidize the fishing industry with subsidies, in an effort to keep 
the industry thriving. The problem with this, is that it incentivizes fishermen to continue 
to expand, which means that subsidies only end up contributing to the problem of 
overfishing. 
● More protected marine areas:  
○ Setting up more protected areas in the ocean is an effort to help reduce the effects of 
overfishing on some of the world’s most incredible reefs and marine structures. 
● Labels for consumers:  
○ Groups are also trying to target consumers to be more aware of the seafood they buy 
and eat.  
○ There are pamphlets and handy guides that help educate consumers about which fish are 
endangered​ due to overfishing, and which areas of the world fish come from.  
○ Many of these, such as the one from the Monterey Bay Aquarium, offer alternative 
choices of fish that aren’t as in danger. 
● Responsible farming:  
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○ When done correctly, farming fish can lead to a ​sustainable way of providing food​ and 
resources to the ​global population​. So far this practice has seen success with species of 
fish that are prone to overfishing, such as arctic char and bass. 

 
Case Studies 
● Species name​: B ​ luefin Tuna 
● Habitat​: Comfortable in the cold waters off Newfoundland and Iceland, as well as the ​tropical 
waters of the Gulf of Mexico and the M
​ editerranean ​Sea, where they go each year to spawn. 
● Status​: Have declined to one-third of what they used to be.  
● Reasons of endanger​: 
● Overfishing and illegal fishing because Bluefin Tuna is extremely high-priced ($1.75 million for one) 
● The Atlantic bluefin is a highly sought-after delicacy for sushi and sashimi in Asia 
● Lack of knowledge about the biology and migratory behavior of Atlantic bluefin has hindered 
successful fishery management plans. 
 
 
 
 

Source: 
● https://www.eartheclipse.com/environment/causes-and-effects-overfishing.html  
● https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/causes-effects-solutions-of-overfishing.php 
● https://www.theoceancleanup.com/great-pacific-garbage-patch/ 
● https://www.worldwildlife.org/threats/overfishing
● http://kmcenter.rid.go.th/kmc01/do​wnloads/0226.pdf 
●