LTOHandbook Updated

COMPANY STATEMENT
OUR MISSION:
To provide relevant and appropriate information to student drivers as well as

other road users regarding safe and discipline while driving. Driving is NOT a
right but a privilege therefore, drivers should know their duties and
responsibilities accordingly.
OUR VISION:
To be one of the major contributor of safety on the road through scientific,

theoretical and practical instructions.
To produce defensive, considerate and courteous drivers who will carry out the
discipline and educated, professional driver.
AG’s Driving School 1

Quick Guide Using Manual Transmission:
Study the simply diagram on top of the gear shift,which will shown you where
the gear are.In most new car this will look like three-legged H.First third and
fifth gear at top of the leg;second fourth and reverse gear are at the bottom.The
crossbar of H is neutral.
Remember in each vehicle these controls could be in different places:

- Washer and wiper
- Head lights, high and low beam
- Hand brake
- Horn
- Hazard lights
- Indicators
Look down at your feet - you will see three pedals. The one on the left is the
clutch (in simple terms it basically transmits power from the engine to the
wheels). Now that pedal is used by your left leg only - nothing else. The
middle pedal is the brake (which stops or slows down the car). That pedal is
used by the right leg only. The pedal on the right is the accelerator (which
makes the car gather speed, or give it more power) that is also used by the
right leg.

Practice gear changes while the engine is off:
While the engine is off let’s look at the gear stick and study how we are going
to change gears, remember in each car it could be slightly different, your
licensed driver will help. It is better to play with them while the engine is off
(much safer I think).
Practice going through the gears - first to second, second to third, third to
fourth etc. Make sure you’ve got the clutch in when doing this. Keep
practicing until you can change all the gears without looking at them. Because
when we are driving we should be looking at the road not the gear stick .
When you are confident with that, then practice going down the gears. Up the
gears, and down the gears.
When going up the gears you always start in first and go through each
gear.
1st to 2nd ,2nd to 3rd,3rd to 4th etc. When changing gears get to the correct
revs first, then accelerator off with your right foot, then clutch in (it should go
down quickly) with your left foot, change to the correct gear then clutch out,
(the lower the gear used the slower the clutch pedal is released through the
friction point.) Then gently accelerate, one action at a time, but in a smooth
flowing action. Pretend you are driving and practice speeding up and changing
gears. To ease your stress make the car noise that goes with it.When you feel
comfortable practicing changing up the gears, and also can change up the
gears without looking at the gear stick (we don’t want run off the road when
we do it for real) we will practice changing down the gears.
Starting the car, in a manual car.

Make sure you follow this procedure or else the car will more likely to take off
without warning. We don’t want any mishaps yet because at this stage we are
doing well.
Press the clutch in (left pedal) with the left leg and hold it down.
Make sure the handbrake is fully on.
Anytime you put your hand brake on always make sure it is fully on, not just
partly on. The car may still roll if it is not.
Move the gear stick to neutral
This is the middle position that feels free when moving it from side to side the
car is now considered “out of gear”.

Start the engine with the key, by turning the key to the right and when the
engine revs up let the key go it will automatically spring back; during all of
this remember you still got your clutch fully down.
“Let’s get the car moving shall we”.

Clutch control is easy to achieve, if you use the right technique and work at it.
Some learners may take longer than others to get good clutch control.
I’ve found at this stage, students will pick up good clutch control much quicker
if we start off without using the accelerator to get the car moving. We are
getting to know the feel of the clutch. Most cars you should be able to do this
but if your car won’t allow this, this is fine also, you will skip this part and
pick up again we start using the accelerator.
First thing we have to identify what’s called the friction point of the clutch.
This is the point when the clutch starts to meet, you can tell by the engine will
just start to lose revs, and you should able to feel the car wanting to go
forward. This is the first stage we have to master. When the clutch is fully
down to the floor and to the friction point nothing will happen, it’s when you
go through the friction point that’s when things will happen. Now remember at
this stage we are not getting the car moving, if the car moves then the clutch
has come out too far.
- Press the clutch down fully to the floor.

- Make sure the hand brake is off.
- Move the gear stick to 1st gear. (The car is now in gear)
- Slowly, at this stage very slowly lift foot up from the clutch until you hear
the engine revs begin to drop, you can also watch the rev counter if you like
that will start to drop also. And hold the clutch still. Remember, we are not
moving the car at this stage, if the car has moved the clutch is out to far. We
are only finding the friction point.
- Clutch back in and relax
- Keep doing this until you can go straight to that point fairly quickly. You
may only have to do it a few times or you may have to do it a hundred times it
doesn’t matter. The main thing you have master finding the friction point.
You should instantly recognize the sound of the engine and the feel of the
clutch. When you feel confident relax for few minute because the next stage all
the works begin. Clutch fully in than slowly bring it out until you feel the
clutch starts to take.

We are really doing it for real for the first
(Watch out everybody I’m coming)
- Clutch in.
- 1st gear
- Handbrake off.
- Bring clutch to friction point.
- Check to see if it is safe to merge onto the road (if not wait until it is)
- Revs to 2,000 revs
- Clutch out slowly keeping the revs up
If things feel wrong clutch in quickly and start again.

- Clutch fully out.
- Keeping light on the accelerator bring the revs up to 2,500 revs.
- Accelerator off.
- Clutch in.
- Holding the gear stick correctly change into 2nd gear.
- Clutch out slowly.
If this was not smooth more likely the clutch came out too quickly
- Accelerate to 2,500 revs.
- At 2,500revs accelerator off.
- Clutch in.
- Holding the gear stick correctly change to 3rd gear.
Now accelerate and go up the gears.

Keep on doing this, up the gears, down the gears, up the gears, down the gears.
Common errors to look out for.

Braking too hard, if you do that than you will stop short of your line and you
will have to accelerate again to reach the correct position.
Braking too soft, if you do that you will have to brake harder at the end or you
finish up in the intersection. That’s dangerous. This will be unpleasant for the
passengers and dangerous.
Clutch coasting, that’s putting your clutch in too soon, letting the car roll for
too long, this may cost you demerit points in the driving test.
Forgetting to put your clutch in or putting it in too late. This will cause the
car to stall or make the engine labour. We need a smooth stop. Let’s do it.
When it’s safe we will drive off following all the procedures we have learnt.
Clutch control-Sometimes going as fast as the idling speed is too fast. What I
mean by that is moving in 1st gear without any accelerator is sometimes too
fast e.g. doing a parallel reverse park, reversing out of an angle park or driving
in heavy traffic. In these situations we need to ride the clutch to make the car
go slower. Keep this to the minimum because it’s wearing away your clutch
faster, but sometimes we have to do this to control the car.
Basically your clutch pedal becomes the accelerator and the accelerator pedal
is just to keep the revs up so you do not stall or labour the engine. This how we
do it.
- Remember the friction point of the clutch, hold your clutch there
- You may need a little accelerator to keep up the revs.
- Very slowly adjust your clutch pedal to match the speed you need and hold
your clutch pedal there.
The more you bring your clutch pedal out the faster the car will go, that is
what I meant when I said the clutch will become your accelerator. This will
take some practise.

Quick Guide Using Automatic Transmission:
Gear names/number of gears position may vary depending on vehicle maker or

model there are also differences on how the lever is actually moved to shift
gear.For lever that are shifted up/down on the same line,a release button is
added to prevent unintentional shifting,to move the lever press the release
button first.
The safe way to get started

Once a quiet road is found pull over to the side of the road, make the car safe
(hand brake on, switch off the car). Change seats so the learner is in the
driver’s seat and adjust the seat, mirror and steering wheel as demonstrated in
that chapter.
What are these pedals on the floor for?

Look down at your feet - you will see two pedals. The pedal on the left is the
brake (which stops or slows down the car). That pedal is used by the right leg
only. The pedal on the right is the accelerator (which makes the car gather
speed, or give it more power) that is also used by the right leg.
Your left leg is for balance only, not to operate any of the pedals. It should be
on the floor or on the foot rest if your car has one.

How do I work the gear shift Different automatic cars have different type of
gear panels , but most common is this panel.
P - Park. This locks the transmission. Use this when stationary. Some cars
require stepping on the brake pedal before you can push into another gear.
R - Reverse. To make the car move backward.
N - Neutral. No gear is engaged.This can be selected when stationary at an
intersection/traffic lights but make sure you have your foot on the brake
because in this position the car can roll forwards or backwards if you are on a
slope.
D - Drive. To make the car move forward through its different gear ranges.
1 - First Gear. The car is locked in 1st gear. Used for when you need high rev
driving.In sand, mud, going up or down steep hills. Bad weather conditions.
2 - Second Gear . The car will move between 1st and 2nd gear. Used for when
you need more power.Use when over taking a car. Bad weather conditions
like snow.
Overdrive – a small button on the side of the lever used for highway driving
for more speed and less fuel consumption. Turning “ON”the overdrive lets
your vehicle transmission use more than the first three gears,ex.Gear 1,2,3,4,5
etc…less fuel allowing it shift to higher gear.
Starting the car.

- Make sure the gear shift is in “P”
- Make sure the hand brake is fully on.
- Foot on the brake pedal.
- Turn the ignition key clockwise.
- As soon as the engine revs up let the key go. (The key will spring back in to
position.)
Make sure the gear shift is still in “P” and hand brake is on; relax for a minute
or two. The car should be idling along (there is no hurry).
We are going to drive on the road now. We will only take the car up to about
60km/h and hold it there to get the feel of the car moving. Let’s do it.
- Right foot on the brake pedal.
- Move the gear shift to “D”
- Hand brake off.
- Check to see if it is safe to merge onto the road. (If it’s not safe, wait until it
is).

- Slowly release your foot off the brake pedal.
- Very slowly accelerate and steer onto the road
Keep it slow until you are on the road

- Gently accelerate until you reach about 60km/h.
- When you reach that speed keep the speed steady.
Just practice holding the car steady for a few minutes. Its takes practice to do
this. It looks easy when another driver does it, but this takes practice too do it.
You will find the speed will be going up and down like a yoyo.
Calm down! Remember we’re driving on the road. Keep our concentration on
the road shall we. Let’s pull over to the side of the road and start again.
- Check your mirrors for cars behind you.
- Indicate to show you going to pull over.
- Gently start to brake.
- When you got to about 40 km/h gently steer the car off the road.
Before you steer off the road it’s really important to get the speed off the car
first.
- When off the road gently bring the car to a stop.
- Select “P” (remember you need your foot on the brake)
- Hand brake on.
- Repeat, repeat until you are confident with the Acceleration, steering and
braking.
Stopping the car where we need it to stop.

We need to have a smooth stop. Not brake-accelerate-brake situation. Do the
bulk of your braking first, than release the pressure on the brake pedals as you
get closer. It should feel like if you are rolling in. You are only releasing the
pressure on the brake not releasing it fully, if you do that the car will gather
speed. It takes practice to know how much pressure to put on the brake pedal
and how much pressure to release from the brake pedal. Common errors to
look out for.
- Braking too hard, if you do that than you will stop short of your line and you
will have to accelerate again to reach the correct position.
- Braking too soft, if you do that you will have to brake harder at the end or
you finish up in the intersection. That’s dangerous. This will be unpleasant for
the passengers and dangerous.

How’s that. Hopefully you will able to take control of your driving. This is the
most dangerous part of your driving because you need to stop and start a lot.
Always make sure it safe before you do something. I wish you good luck and
safe driving. We still have a long way to go yet. Basic car control may take up
to 15 to 20 hour of experience before you are ready for the next stage.

Traffic Signs Standard Shapes and Colors
There are ten colors and nine shapes of traffic signs. Each shape and each
color has an exact meaning, so you must acquaint yourself with all of them.
 GREEN - Guide, directional information.

 RED - Stop, do not enter or wrong way.
 BLUE - Motorist services guidance. Also used to identify
parking spaces for disabled drivers.
 ORANGE - Construction and maintenance warning.
 BROWN - Public recreation areas, guidance to areas of
cultural and historical significance.
 YELLOW - General warning and advisory of unexpected
roadway conditions.
 WHITE - Regulatory.
 BLACK - Regulatory.
 FLUORESCENT YELLOW GREEN - High emphasis
warning of school, pedestrian, and bicycling activity.
 FLUORESCENT PINK - Warning of incident Management
activity.
The shape of a road sign can tell you as much about the sign’s message as
it color.
Octagon: Exclusively for stop signs.
Horizontal: Generally for guide signs.

Triangle: Exclusively for yield signs.
Pennant: Advance warning of no passing zones.
Diamond: Exclusively to warn of existing or possible

hazards on roadways or adjacent Areas.
Vertical Rectangle: Generally for regulatory signs.
Pentagon: School advance and school crossing signs.
Round: Railroad advance warning signs.
Crossbuck: Railroad crossing.
Common Traffic Signs.
Stop Signs are always octagonal (8 sided). A stop sign means

that you must bring your Vehicle to a complete half at the
STOP marked stop line. If there is no marked stop line, stop before
entering the crosswalk on the near side of the intersection.If
there is no crosswalk, stop at a point nearest the intersecting
roadway where you have a clear view of approaching traffic
on the intersecting roadway before entering the intersection.
A 4-WAY Stop sign means that there are four stop signs at
this intersection.Traffic from all four directions must stop.
The first vehicle to reach the intersection should move
STOP forward first. If two vehicles reach the intersection at the
same time, the driver on the left yields to the driver on the
right.
4-WAY
No Passing. You are entering a no passing zone. This sign is

No
placed on the left side of the road , facing the driver.
PASSING
ZONE
School Crossing
As you approach this sign, slow down, watch for children
crossing the road. Stop if necessary. Obey signals from any
crossing guards.
Slippery When Wet

In wet weather, drive slowly. Do not speed up or brake
quickly. Make sharp turns at a very slow speed.
Divided Highway Ahead

The highway ahead is divided into two one-way
roadways.Keep to the right.
Divided Highway Ends

The divided highway on which you are traveling ends 350 to
500 feet ahead. You will then be on a roadway with two-way
traffic. Keep to the right.
Low Clearance
Do not enter if your vehicles is taller than the height listed on
the sign.

Merging Traffic
You are coming to a point where another traffic lane joins the
one you are on. Watch for other traffic and be ready to yield
the right-of-way when necessary.
Pedestrian Crossing
Watch for people crossing the street. Slow down or stop if
necessary.
Narrow Bridge
The bridge is wide enough to accommodate two lanes of
traffic, but with very little clearance.
Dip
There is a low place in the road. Go slowly and be ready to
stop if the dip is filled with water.
Soft Shoulder
The dirt on the side of the road is soft. Don’t leave the
pavement except in an emergency.
One Lane Bridge

The bridge is wide enough for only one vehicle at a time.
Make sure the bridge is clear of oncoming traffic before you
cross.
Pavement Ends
The road surface ahead changes from a hard surfaced
pavement to a low-type surface or earth road.
Right Curve
Slow your speed and keep well to the left. The road will curve
to the right.

Double Curve
The road will curve to the right, then to the left.Slow your
speed keep to the right, and do not pass.
Winding Road
There are several curves ahead. Drive slowly and carefully.
Truck Crossing
Watch for trucks entering or crossing the highway.
Cross Road
A road crosses the main highway ahead. Look to the left and
right for other traffic.
Side Road
Another road enters the highway from that direction.
Sharp Right Turn

The road will make a sharp turn to the right. Slow your speed,
keep to the right, and do not pass other vehicles
Reduction of Lanes
There will be fewer lanes ahead. Traffic must merge left.
Drivers in the left and should allow others to merge smoothly.
Right lane ends.
Advisory Speed Sign

The highest safe speed you should travel around the curve
ahead is 40 miles per hour. Advisory speed signs may be used
with any diamond- shape warning sign.

Hill&Down Grade
Slow down and be ready to shift to lower gear to control speed
and save brakes.
Yield Ahead
This sign warns of yield sign ahead. Slow down and be
prepared to stop at yield sign or adjust speed to traffic.
Traffic Signal ahead

This sign warns of traffic signals at the intersection
ahead.Slow down; poor visibility is likely
Stop Sign Ahead

When you come to this, slow down to be ready to stop sign
check
Two way Traffic Ahead.

The one way street or roadway ahead ends. You will then be
facing oncoming traffic.
No Over Taking
Prohibits over taking.
No Entry Sign
This marks one-way roadway with traffic coming towards
you. You must not enter the one-way roadway at this point.

No Blowing Of Horn
Used in areas such as schools, churches, or hospitals.
No Parking
Parking is not allowed.
No U-turn
You cannot make a complete turn to go in the opposite
direction where this sign is displayed
No Right Turn
Turning right is not allowed.
You cannot go straight ahead

You must turn either to the right or left.
You are going the wrong way on an expressway exit ramp

Do not drive past this sign.Turn around immediately.
Divided highway is ahead

Stay on the right side of the divider.

Parking in this space is only for vehicles displaying an
official permit and transporting a disabled person.
You may travel only in the direction of the arrow.
This sign list the maximum recommended safe speed for

an entrance or exit on an expressway. Slow down to
whatever speed is shown.
You may not turn right or left during the red light. You
must wait for the signal turn green.
A diamond-shaped marking shows that a lane is reserved

for certain purposes or certain vehicles. The lanes are
usually reserved for buses or car-pool vehicle during rush
hour traffic.
The center lane is shared for left turns in both directions

of travel.

You must not pass any other vehicles going in the same
direction as you are while you are in this area.
When you have passed this sign, you are again permitted
to pass other vehicles with care.
Traffic in the left lane must turn left at the intersection

ahead.
Stopping permitted only for emergencies.
You are approaching an area where a speed zone has been

established.
At the intersection ahead traffic in the left lane must turn

left and traffic in adjoining lane may turn left or continue
straight ahead.

This sign is used on multiple lane highways to advise
slower driving to stay in the the right hand lane, and
also to do so when approached from behind by other
traffic even if you are doing the speed limit.
This mark a one-way roadway with traffic coming

toward you. You must not enter the one-way
roadway at this point.
You must not turn either to the right or to the left

at this intersection.
If you park, you must always park off the

pavement of the highway.
When entering a right turn lane motorist will

conflict with bicyclist travelling straight yield.
Railroad Crossing Signs and Signals
There are several signs, signals and pavement markings that indicate highway-
railroad crossings. When you see one of them, slow down and ready to stop.

Remember:
Trains cannot stop quickly. An average freight train traveling at 30 MPH needs
a stopping distance of more than half a mile. Longer trains moving at faster
speeds can take one and a half miles or to stop. Any pedestrian or person
driving a vehicle and approaching a railroad-highway grade crossing must top
50 feet, but not less than 15 feet from the nearest rail of the railroad when: the
electrical or mechanical warning devices are flashing, the crossing gate is
lowered, a human flagger is warning of an approaching train, or an
approaching train is clearly visible and is in close proximity to the railroad-
highway grade crossing. Do not proceed until you can do so safely.
PAVEMENT MARKING
Pavement markings, consisting of an RXR followed by
a stop line closer to the tracks, may be painted on the
paved approach to a crossing.
ADVANCE WARNING SIGN

The advance warning sign is usually the first sign you
see when approaching a highway-rail intersection. The
advance warning sign advises you to slow down, look
and listen for a train, and be prepared to stop if a train is
approaching.
CROSS BUCK SIGN

Cross buck signs are found at highway-rail intersections.
They are yield signs. You are legally required to yield
the right of way to trains. Slow down, look and listen
for a train, and stop if a train approaches. Railroad cross
buck signs are found at most crossings. If there is more
than one track, the sign below the cross buck will show
the number of tracks at the crossing.

FLASHING RED LIGHT SIGNALS
At many highway-rail crossings, the cross buck sign has flashing red lights and
bells. When the lights begin to flash, stop! A train is approaching.
DO NOT STOP ON THE TRACKS OR WITHIN 15 FEET OF THE

CROSSING
If there is more than one track, make sure all tracks are clear before crossing.
Do not move forward until you can do so safely. In heavy traffic make sure
there is room for your vehicle on the other side before starting to cross.
GATES
Many crossing have gates with flashing red lights and bells.
Stop when the lights begin to flash and before the gate lowers
across your road lane. If the gates are down, the road is closed.
It is against the law to drive around or under a crossing gate,
either down or being opened or closed. Do not move forward
until the gates are raised and the lights stop flashing as
there may be train approaching
on an adjacent track.
Always approach highway-railroad crossings at a reasonable
speed and be prepared to stop if you have to. Be especially
alert when you are following buses or trucks, which may have
to stop at highway-railroad crossings even when gates are up
and the warning lights are not flashing. If your car stalls on the
tracks don’t hesitate. Get yourself and your passengers out and
away from the car immediately. If a collision is imminent, the
safest direction is toward the train but stay off the tracks. That
way you will be least likely to be hit by your vehicle or any
debris from the collision.
Construction and Maintenance Traffic Control Signs
Various traffic control devices are used in road construction and maintenance
work areas to direct drivers and pedestrians safely through the work site and to
provide for the safety of highway workers. Be prepared to reduce your speed

and use caution when directed to do so by sign, flagger and/ or police officer.
Construction and maintenance signs are used to notify drivers of unusual or
potentially dangerous conditions in or near work areas. Most signs used in
highway and street work areas are diamond shaped.
Channeling Devices
Barricades, vertical panels, drums, and cones are the most commonly used
devices to alert drivers of unusual or potentially dangerous conditions in
highway and street work zones. These devices are used to guide the drivers
safely through the work area, and at night, they may be equipped with warning
lights. When a road closed sign is displayed, do not drive on this road. Look
for a detour or another route. Stripes on barricades and panel devices slope
downward in the direction traffic must travel.
Flashing Arrow Panels
Flashing arrow panels are used both during the day and at night to give
advance warning and directional information to drivers, where it is necessary
to move to the right or to the left into another lane. A horizontal flashing bar
indicates a warning – use caution approaching the work area.

Flaggers
Flaggers are often provided in highway and street work zones to stop, slow, or
guide traffic safely through the area. Flaggers wear orange vest or jackets and
use red flags or stop/ slow panels to direct traffic through work zones.
Slow Moving Vehicles
Vehicles going less than 25 miles per hour (such as farm equipment) must
display this sign on the rear when using public highways.

Green Guide Signs
Green and white signs give information about directions and distances. Guide
signs on expressways show you which lanes to use to get where you want to
go. Routes that run generally East-West have even numbers and those running
North-South have odd numbers.
Blue and White Service Signs

Blue rectangle or square SERVICE signs are welcome sight for travelers who
need a break from the road. We look for these signs to help us find service
stations, place to eat ,rest areas, phones, and overnight facilities. The
handicapped-accessible signs is one of the most inviting for disable travelers.
Brown and White Service Signs

Brown RECREATION signs direct us to areas of republic recreation and
cultural interest. In addition to swimming, skiing, boating, and fishing areas,
these signs also direct us to the services in recreation areas, including first aid,
post office , and food service.
Pavement Markings
Lines , symbols and words are often painted on a roadway to help direct
drivers and control traffic flow. You must know what the different lines and
colors mean and obey them as you would traffic signs or signals. White &
yellow lines are used along pavement edges and between lanes to keep
vehicles in line. These lines may be solid or broken (long dashes), single or
double, unless you are turning , existing a highway, or changing lanes, always
stay between the lines marking your lane.

Yellow Lane Lines
Yellow lane lines separate lanes of traffic moving in opposite directions.
Single yellow lines may also mark the left edge of the pavement on divided
highways and one-way streets.
Broken Yellow Line

A broken yellow line separates lanes of traffic moving in opposite directions.
Stay to the right of the line, unless you are passing a vehicle in front of you.
When passing , you may cross this line temporarily when it is safe to do so.
Double Yellow lines: One Solid, One Broken

A solid yellow line to the right of a broken yellow center line means passing or
crossing is prohibited in that lane, except when turning left. If broken line is
closer to you, you can cross the broken line only to pass another vehicle and
only when it is safe to do so.
Double Yellow lines

Double solid yellow lines prohibit vehicles moving in either direction from
crossing the lines. You may not cross these lines unless turning left when safe
to do so.
White Lane Lines

White lane lines separate lanes of traffic moving in the same direction. Single
white lines may also mark the right edge of pavement.
Broken White Line

A broken white separated two lanes traveling in the same direction. Once you
have signaled, and if it is safe to do so, you may cross this line when changing
lanes.
Solid White Line

A solid white line marks the light edge of the roadway or separates lanes of
traffic moving in the same direction. You may travel in the same direction on
both sides of this line, but you should not cross the line unless you must do so
to avoid as hazard.

Double Solid White Line
A double solid white line separates two lanes of traffic going in the same
direction. Crossing a double solid line is prohibited.
Solid with Turn Lane Arrow

solid white lines are used for turn lanes and to discourage lane changes near
intersections. Arrow are often used white lines to show which turn may be
made from the lane.
if you are in a lane marked with a curved arrow and the word ONLY, you must
turn in the direction of the arrow. If your lane is marked with both a curved
and straight arrow, you may either turn or go straight.
Reversible Lanes
Some highway have reversible traffic lanes to help handle-rush-hour traffic.
The direction of traffic is normally reversed at set times a each day. These
pavement markings are used along with special lane signals and other signs
and symbols. A solid white line marks the edge of the pavement on most
roads. Stop lines, crosswalks and parking spaces are also marked by white
lines. Symbols such as arrows are in white also. A single yellow line marks the
left edge of all divided or one-way roadways. Curbs are often marked yellow
in no parking zones near fire hydrants or intersections. It is unlawful to park in
or drive through areas that have pavement markings indicating fire lanes or
safety zones.
The lane markings arrow, in the center lane in the diagram below, indicates
that traffic in this lane can be reversed in accordance with local traffic controls
due to”rush hour” traffic or other special traffic conditions.
Drivers from either direction may use the center lane for left turns.
Two-Way Roadway with Center Lane
Two-way roadway with a center lane for left turns in either direction of travel.
The specially marked center turn lane is intended for slowing down and for
sheltering turning vehicles and may not be used for passing.Drivers from either
direction may use the center lane for left turns.
DRIVER’S SIGNALS
The law requires every drivers to signal to the other driver when planning to

turn left or right, slow down or stop, to change from one lane to another, to
leave the roadway or to move out from a parked position.
 PROPER LANE – LEFT TURN

Vehicles making a left turn should be in the lane to the right of the
center of the road.
Vehicles making a left at an intersection a should wait for a green
light, move with caution into the intersection and when-all on-coming
traffic has cleared the intersection, complete the left turn.
 PROPER LANE- RIGHT TURN
Drive in the lane at the right edge of the roadway before making turn,
unless signs or markings indicate otherwise.
 MAKING A STOP
Slow down and give the proper light or arm signal. Lightly tap pedal
to slow down and signal with brake lights as a warning.
Signals may be given by the hand-and-arm position or by brake or
signal lights. If vehicles is built so that hand-and-arm signals cannot be
easily be seen, signal lights must be used.
Signal your left or right turn during at least the last 100 feet before
reaching the turning point, at highway speed it is best to signal at least
five seconds before you change lanes.
Check that you have safe clearance to the side, ahead and behind your
vehicles, in addition to giving proper signals.
Watch for signals from other drivers.
Bicycle riders may give right turn signals with their right arm held
straight out, pointing right.
 PEDESTRIAN SIGNALS
Motorist should be aware of pedestrian signal indications. They are
used to control pedestrian traffic at intersections where there is conflict
between vehicle and pedestrian movement. While these pedestrians
are crossing the roadway, they have the right-of-way over all vehicles.
A pedestrian facing the green walk signal may proceed across the
roadway in the direction of the signal.
A pedestrian facing a steady flashing “Don’t Walk” signal should not

start to cross the roadway.
If a pedestrian has entered the roadway on the “Walk” signal and the
“Don’t Walk” signal appears, he/she should proceed as quickly as
possible to way over vehicles.
Also a pedestrian should not across the roadway when vehicular traffic
has flashing green signal, unless he/she is facing a “walk” signal.
 RED SIGNAL
Unless a sign indicates otherwise, a right turn may be made on red
signal or from a one-way street to a one-way street provided the
vehicle is first brought to a stop, and always subject to the right of way
of pedestrians and other traffic.
 FLASHING RED SIGNAL

A flashing red signal means bring your vehicle to a stop and proceed
only when it is safe to do so.
 FLASHING RED BEACON
The flashing red signal maybe an overhead beacon used in conjunction
with a stop sign, or a beacon located directly above a stop.
 YELLOW SIGNAL
A yellow signal indicates that the red signals is about to appear. Stop
the vehicle if you can do so safely, otherwise you may proceed with
caution.
 FLASHING YELLOW SIGNAL

A flashing yellow signal means proceed with caution.
 FLASHING YELLOW BEACON

When a flashing yellow signal is incorporated with an overhead
beacon or a beacon located directly above a warning sign, it warns you
to proceed with caution.

 YELLOW ARROW
In some traffic control signal, a yellow arrow appears after a green
arrow. When the yellow arrow appears, it means the red or solid green
signal is about to appear. Therefore , stop the vehicle safely, if can be
done otherwise, proceed with caution.
 GREEN SIGNAL
A green signal means you proceed, provided you yield to pedestrian
and other traffic lawfully using the intersection. When making a turn
on a green signal, remember that the pedestrian crossing on the green
signal have the right –of-way. Be sure that you do not block the traffic.
 FLASHING GREEN SIGNAL
When a flashing green signal or a left turn green arrow with a green
signal is used, it permits the vehicle facing that signal to turn right or
go through while opposing traffic faces a red signal. A pedestrian must
not proceed on a flashing green signal or green left turn arrow unless
a walk signal is shown.
 GREEN ARROW WITH OR WITHOUT A RED SIGNAL

When a green arrow is shown with or without a red signal, you may
enter the intersection to move only in the direction shown by the
arrow.
PAVEMENT MARKINGS
Lines and symbol’s on roadways are used to warn and direct drivers and
to control the flow of traffic.
 WHITE LANE LINES

White lane lines are white lines separating lanes of traffic moving in
the same direction. Crossing of solid white line requires special care
and is discouraged.
A solid broken white line means passing to the left or right is allowed
provided the way is clear.

 YELLOW LANE LINES
Yellow lane lines are dividing lines separating traffic traveling
opposite directions.
A solid yellow line at the left lane means, it is not safe to pass.
A broken yellow line means passing is allowed if the way ahead and
rear is clear.
Solid double yellow lines at the left lane mean it is unsafe to pass.
Never cross it to pass another vehicle.
The line maybe crossed only to enter or leave a driveway or private
road or to make a permitted “U” turn.
Double-line with both broken and solid markings. A double line
consisting of a single broken yellow line parallel to a single solid
yellow line is used to show a two-way road or highway where passing
is permitted on the side of the broken line, but not on the side of the
solid line. This type of marking is often seen on two and three-lane
roadways. Traffic on the left side of the solid line may cross this
marking only when making a left turn.
 CLIMBING AND PASSING LANES

This sign is usually installed two (2) kilometers in advance in an
approaching location where a climbing or passing lane has been
provided and is marked on the highway.
Passing lanes allow slower vehicles to move into the right hand lane,
permitting faster vehicles to pass safely in the left lane.
When approaching the end of the climbing or passing lane, the driver
in the right-hand lane must merge with other traffic in the center lane
in the same direction.
 LEFT TURN CENTER LANES

Left turn center lane is the lane in the middle of a two-way street. The
lane is bordered on either side by two (2) painted lines: the inner
broken line and outside solid line. Use the lane only when you want to
turn left to leave a street, when turning left into the street or to start a
permitted “U” turn.
To turn left from street, signal for a left-turn and drive completely
inside the lane. Don’t stop an angle with the rear of your vehicle
blocking traffic. Turn only when it is safe.
You my drive across the left turn center lane. You must also use this
lane to start a “U” turn, if it is permitted and safe.
 BIKE LANE
Although bike lanes are seldom in our highways, this is painted on the
pavements by a solid white line along either side of the street, four (4)
feet or more from the curb. The line is usually broken near the corner.
The letters “BIKE LANE” are painted on the painted on the pavement
at intervals.
 SPEED LIMIT
Any person driving a motor vehicle on a highway shall drive the same
at careful and prudent speed, not greater nor less than what is
reasonable and proper, having due regard for the traffic, the width of
the highway and any other condition then and there existing, and no
person shall drive any motor vehicle upon a highway at such speed as
to endanger the life, limb and property of any person , nor at a speed
greater than will permit him to bring the vehicle to stop within the
assured clear distance ahead.

PRESCRIBED RATE OF SPEED AS PER SECTION 35 OF REPUBLIC
ACT 4136 KNOWN AS THE LAND TRANSPORTATION & TRAFFIC
CODE:
Maximum Allowed Speed Passenger Motor

Cars & Trucks &
Motorcycles Buses
On open country roads with no“Blind 80km/hour 50km/hour
Corners”not closely bordered by
habitations.
On “Through Streets”or Boulevards, 40km/hour 30km/hour
clear of traffic with no”Blind
Corners”, when so designated.
On city and municipal streets with 30km/hour 30km/hour
light traffic, when not
designated”Through Streets”.
Through crowded streets approaching 30km/hour 20km/hour
intersections at “Blind Corners”,
passing school zones, passing other
vehicles which are stationary or for
similar dangerous circumstances.
THE HEREIN PRESCRIBED RATE OF SPEED SHALL NOT APPLY

TO THE FOLLOWING:
1) A physician or his driver when the former responds to emergency

calls.
2) The driver of a hospital ambulance on the way to and from the place of
accident or other emergency.
3) Any driver bringing a wounded or sick person for emergency
treatment to a hospital, clinic or any similar place.
4) The driver of a motor vehicle belonging to the armed forces while in
use for official purposes in times of riot, insurrection or invasion.
5) The driver of the vehicle, when he or his passengers are in pursuit of a
criminal.
6) A law-enforcement officer who is trying to overtake a violator of
traffic laws
7) The driver officially operating a motor vehicle of any fire department
provided that exemption shall not construed to allow useless or
unnecessary fast driving of drivers aforementioned.
TURNING
1. Reduced speed in anticipation of making a turn.

2. Look behind and or both sides to see where other vehicles maybe
before changing lanes, then signal intentions.
3. Move into the proper lane as soon as possible. The faster the traffic is
moving, the sooner it is to reach for the proper lane for making a turn.
4. Give a signal before making turns, changing lanes or moving right or
left to warn motorist about the intention of getting the right position on
the road.
5. In turning, obey traffic signs and signals and yield the right –of-way to
pedestrians and vehicles in the intersection.
RIGHT TURN
Turn into the right-hand lane when entering a roadway. Check traffic
approaching from the left. Follow the general curve of the curb while making
the right turn .Stay as close as possible to the curb.
LEFT TURN
Point to the wheels straight ahead until actually starting to turn. Complete the
turn into any lane that is lawfully open. Look behind for traffic and check for
behind spot. When the way is clear, move into the left hand lane keeping
immediately to the right of the centerline, make left from right of the
centerline. Make left from right to point where the centerline meets the
intersection street.
LEFT TURN FROM ONE-WAY STREET TO TWO-WAYS STREET

Signal your intention to turn left. Look behind for traffic when the way is
clear. Move into the left hand lane keeping immediately to the right of the
centerline .look ahead to the rear, to the left and right before starting to make
your turn.

Enter the intersection one-way street into the left-hand lane in the one-way
street are unmarked, keep immediately to the right or the left curb or edge of
the roadway.
LEFT- TURN FROM ONE –WAY STREET TO ONE-WAY STREET

Signal intention to turn left, move the left side of the one-way street when the
way is clear. Look ahead, to the right and left before starting to make a turn,
enter the intersecting one –way street into the left hand lane. if the lanes are
unmarked, keep immediately to the edge and other traffic.
LEFT TURNS FROM ONE WAY STREET TO ONE –WAY STREET

ON RED SIGNAL
A left turn maybe made from one-way street into a one – way street on a red
signals, provided the vehicles first brought to full stop, and subject always to
the right –of way of pedestrians and other traffic.
U TURNS
U turns are hazardous and prohibited in some areas. When doing “U” turns,
start turning from the extreme right side of the roadway, check for traffic in
both directions and make the proper turn signal. When the way is clear, turn
the steering wheel sharply to the left while moving slowly forward, when the
wheels are turned completely left, continue driving forward slowly until close
to the left curb edge or roadways.
After having turned the wheels completely on the right side, continue backing
up slowly until close to the opposite curb repeat this maneuvers until turn is
completed.
STOPPING
A Driver of a motor vehicle is considered stopped when passengers and
cargoes were loaded and unloaded for about ten (10) minutes or more.
PARKING
A Driver of a motor vehicle is considered park after a full stop on the shoulder
of the road or in parking lot, leaving the vehicle with the engine and ignition
stopped and hand break on.

Place where parking is prohibited:
1. Parking is prohibited on a high way in such manner as to obstruct
a sidewalk, a crosswalk, an entrance to the highway to or from a
private road or lane, on entrance to the highway to or from a
private road or lane, on entrance-way for vehicles to pass between
the highway and land adjoining the highway.
2. Within 3 meters of a point at the edge og a roadway.
3. Within 4 meters nearest the fire hydrant.
4. On or within 100 meters of a bridge, over or under or cross the
highway.
5. Within 10 meters of the nearest rail of railway crossing.
6. In any area where signs prohibiting parking area are display.
7. Within an intersection on a highway or if the intersection is
controlled by a traffic signal.
8. Within 6 meters of a point at the edge of the roadway and nearest
to a public entrance to a hotel, theater or public hall while open to
the public.
9. On all places where “ no parking” signs are posted.
PARKING ON HILLS:
When a car is parked on a hill, take precautions to make sure it stays
there. A car cannot properly parked on a hill could roll down into the
traffic.
Parking Headed Uphill

When parking headed up hill , turn front wheels from the curb and let
your vehicle roll back few inches until and rear of one front wheel
gently touches the curb. Then set the parking brake.
If there is no curb, turn the wheels toward the side of the road so the
car will not roll away from the center of the road if the brakes fail.
Parking Headed Downhill

When parking headed down hill , turn front wheels into the curb or
toward the side of the road.
When parking on a sloping driveway, turn the wheels so that car will

not roll into the street if the brakes fail. Always set the parking brakes.
Leaves the vehicle in gear.
KEEP DISTANCE FROM OTHER VEHICLES - LEAVE

YOURSELF A SPACE
 Be sure there is sufficient space for your vehicle to fit into the
traffic flow. Do not follow other vehicles too easily.
 Avoid tail-gaiting. Staying too close to a vehicle leaves no room
for maneuvering.
It limits you to braking when things begin to stack up in the lane
ahead.
 Maintain a car length distance when following a car. This will
give you adequate space, time to react and to stop safely if
necessary.
 Give motorcycles the same distance you would give to any other
vehicles.
Motorcycles are entitled to the same full length, width as all other
vehicles on the road.
BACKING Success
in backing a car depends on correct driving posture, seeing , steering
and speed control.
Things To Consider In Backing A Car
1) When backing around a corner to the light or out from a driveway,

check first for traffic and pedestrian.
2) Turn body to the right and put right arm over the back of the seat.
Look at the back window as well as the rear and front of the vehicle.
3) While backing stay at the right side as much as possible.
4) During all maneuvers make quick traffic check to the front sides.
5) At intersection on railroad crossings-where other vehicles or
pedestrians may suddenly appears or unless such intersection is
controlled by traffic signal.

DEFENSIVE DRIVING
Defensive driving is often defined as preventing crashes before they occur,
it is demonstration of an attitude , awareness and driving skills such as :
 Stay alert and keep eyes moving so that you can keep track of what is
happening at all times;
 Look for trouble spots developing around you;
 Have a plan of action if other driver does the wrong thing; and
 Know that the law requires drivers to protect each other from their
own mistakes.
A Defensive Driver must:
 Be able to keep a safe driving record.
 Have a positive attitude on road safety.
 Be physically and mentally fit to drive
 Have received proper training before driving.
FACTORS THAT AFFECT DRIVING
1. ATTITUDE
A defensive driver must develop and demonstrate an attitude that:
 Shows concern for other road users.
 Recognizes that the other road users will make mistakes;
 Knows no journey is so urgent that a safe speed can be
maintained;
 Driving is a skill which requires the application of good
techniques; and
 Believes that safe driving requires am alert mind at all times.
2. BEHAVIOR
An ideal defensive driver.
 Always clean the seatbelts
 Keeps within the advisory speed limit
 Constantly scans the road for potential hazard;
 Signals his intentions at all times and;
 Shows courtesy at all times.

The factors that affecting the behavior of the driver are the following:
alcohol, drugs and fatigue.
3. RIGHT MENTAL ATTITUDE
A defensive driver always maintain a safe caution of distance in front
and behind his vehicles by; a) observing the four second rule, b)
adopting a positive and skilled mental approach.
 Search- road seen ahead. around and rear of vehicles
 Identity- the potential and immediate hazard on the road
 Predict- the actions of other road users.
 Decide- what to do to avoid an unsafe situation.
KEYS TO EFFECTIVE DEFENSIVE DRIVING
1. CONCENTRATION
 Standard of vision, hearing and health all have a bearing on
the amount of concentration.
 The driver must adjust the speed of his vehicles on the degree
of concentration he is able to apply.
2. DRIVING PLANS AND DECISIONS

 Driving plans should be made on the correct assessment of the
changing scene both ahead or to the rear of the vehicle.
 Driving plans should enable the driver to make decisions in a
methodical manner.
 Plans and decisions are combination of what can be seen,
cannot be seen circumstances which are expected to rise,
allowances for the mistakes to other rod users.
3. VIEW FROM THE VEHICLE

 The driver must aim to have the best possible view of the area
around the vehicle.
 Windows and wind shield must be clean.
 Washer and wipers should be functioning.
 Mirrors are properly adjusted at the start of the journey.

4. VISIONS AFFECTED BY SPEED
 The driver must adjust the length and the depth of his vision
according to the speed trail.
 Focus further ahead as his speed increases.
 Road and traffic conditions will govern speed.
 Mirrors are properly adjusted at the start of the journey.
5. VISIONS AFFECTED BY FATIGUE

 Continuous driving for long periods will cause fatigue which
will result in eye strain.
 Recognition and assessment of dangerous situations will
become late and inaccurate.
 Making it essential to have period of rest.
6. WEATHER CONDITIONS
 Fog, rain, fading daylight or bright sunshine will reduce
visibility so speed must be kept low.
7. ROAD SURFACE
A good driver is one that looks ahead and recognizes any
change in the road surface.
Keep a steady speed on open roads. Slow down smoothly,
press the gas pedal lightly. Starting up slowly give other
drivers and people walking a chance to see what you are
doing, they can judge how to react. When you have reached
the speed you want, glance at the speedometer.
DRIVING TECHNIQUES AND SAFETY
KEYS TO SAFE DRIVING

 Good vision, look with your eyes but see with your mind
 Obeying traffic rules and regulations
 Proper care of your car
 Be courteous to other road users.

 Physical fitness. Let someone else take the wheel if you are
not physically and mentally alert.
PROPER USE OF BRAKES

A good driver uses his brakes. An experienced driver is able to make without
using his brakes great deal and yet be perfectly safe, as compared to the less
experienced one who keeps on banging this break every now and then.
Skidding is cause by sudden hard and violent braking as the weight of his
vehicle is thrown forward and downward thereby subjecting the front
suspension to force greatly in excess of what is normal. Steering therefore
becomes unwieldy and because the weight t the back is suddenly transferred
to the front, road holding by the rear tires is greatly reduced-hence sliding and
skidding. A good driver should therefore be able to anticipate stops by
intelligently reading the road and be able to apply progressive light braking
and have control of the vehicle at all times, smoothly stopping before potential
hazard with ease.
STEERING
In order to be able to have control of the car, the driver must be sitting in the
correct comfortable position in relation to his size.
When turning, hand in direction you are going should pull down: the other
hand allowing the wheel to pass through it, if necessary the other hand can
help by pushing the wheel upward.
When transferring from one lane to another, or when pulling in after
overtaking, the turn should be gradual and never sudden swerve which my
result in skidding.
A firm, not tight, grip on the wheel is all that is needed. Never grip tightly on a
greasy road.
Do not move the wheel to and from while driving; a firm straight steer is
better.
Both elbows should be free from obstructions. Never rest at left elbow on the
window frame while driving.
Never drive off without first having made sure that the seat, mirror, door,
windows, etc., are properly adjusted.
---END---

AG’S DRIVING SCHOOL
LTO Questionaires and answers 2016 Edition
1. The three colors of the traffic lights are:
a. red, green and yellow

b. red, green and blue
c. yellow, green and blue
2. Yellow triangular signs provide what kind of information
a. warning
b. hospital across
c. speed limit
3. Which of the following traffic signs are blue?
a. regulatory signs
b. information signs
c. danger warning signs
4. Steady green light means
a. you must yield to all pedestrians and other motorists using the
intersection
b. go, it is safe to do so
c. proceed cautiously through the intersection before the light changes to
red.
5 A flashing yellow light at a road crossing signifies
a. Caution - slow down and proceed with caution

b. Stop and stay until light stops flashing
c. Wait for the green light
6. A solid white line on the right edge of the highway slopes in towards your
left. This shows that

a. there is an intersection joint ahead
b. the road will get narrower
c. you are approaching a construction area
7. You are in a No-Passing zone when the center of the road is marked by
a. a broken yellow line

b. a broken white line
c. two solid yellow lines
8. When arrows are painted on the pavement, drivers must:
a. must go in the direction of the arrows

b. slow down and prepare to yield right of way
c. are not allowed to change lanes
9. You may not drive across solid yellow lines except to
a. change lanes
b. turn left
c. turn right
10. Double solid yellow lane lines
a. should not be crossed except with due care

b. should not be crossed anytime
c. does not allow lane changing
11. You may not cross a single broken white of yellow line
a. when turning left into a driveway

b. when passing to the right on a one-way street
c. when to do so would interfere with traffic
12. You may cross over a double line on the road to overtake another car if the
line on your side is
a. solid white
b. broken

c. solid yellow
13. When you approach a flashing red signal light, you should
a. wait for the green light before proceeding

b. slow down and proceed with caution
c. come to a full stop and proceed when it is safe to do so
14. Which of the following hand signal's must a driver give when he wants to
slow down and stop?
a. left is bent at elbow, hand pointing up

b. left arm held straight in horizontal position
c. left arm held down and hand pointing at ground
15. The proper hand signal for right turn is
a. left arm bent at elbow, hand pointing up

b. left arm held straight in horizontal position
c. left arm held down and hand pointing at ground
16. If the driver ahead of your extends his left arm straight out, you are fairly
sure that he is going to
a. turn left at the next intersection

b. pull off to the side of the road to stop
c. turn right at the next intersection
17. When approaching a railway crossing with a signal device warning the
approach of a train, you must
a. stop not less than 1.5 meters from the nearest rail
b. slow down and proceed with caution
18. At what circumstances should you sound your "horn"?
a. as a safety warning
b. at school zones
c. at hospital zones

19. What does the lane require you to do upon approaching an intersection
with a stop sign?
a. slow down and proceed when it is safe to do so

b. stop and proceed when it is safe to do so
c. yield the right-of-way if necessary to vehicles approaching from left or
right
20. Upon approaching an intersection marked with a YIELD SIGN, you are
required to
a. stop before entering the intersection

b. enter the intersection immediately
c. slow down then enter the intersection when the way is clear
21. The road sign "Do Not Enter" is a
a. Regulatory sign
b. Guide sign
c. Warning sign
22. The Right-of-Way law provides us with
a. basic rights as drivers

b. rules for when to yield to others
c. rules for turning right
23. A good safety rule when you are sure you have the legal right-of-way is
a. never believe on it
b. sound your horn to alert others
c. always demand
24. At rotundas, which of the following vehicles have the right-of-way?
a. vehicles which are just about to enter

b. vehicles within the rotunda
c. vehicles facing the green light

25. At an intersection with no control device, two cars approach at right
angles to each other. Which driver must yield?
a. the driver who gets there first

b. the driver who slows down first
c. the driver who gets there last
26. At an intersection with no control device, two cars approach from opposite
directions. Which driver must yield?
a. the driver going straight

b. the driver turning light
c. the driver turning right
27. At an intersection without control device, two cars are approaching from
opposite direction at approximately the same time, one is turning left and the
other turning right. Which driver must yield?
a. the driver turning right

b. the driver turning left
c. the driver who gets there first
28. At an intersection without stop or yield signs, two cars reach the
intersection at the same time. Which car has the right-of-way?
a. the car on the right

b. the car on the left
c. the car that slows down first
29. A car is positioned in an intersection waiting to turn left when the traffic
signal light turns red. Who should go first?
a. the driver caught in the intersection waiting to turn left

b. the driver making the right turn
c. the driver caught with the green light
30. At an intersection without stop or yield signs, two cars approach from
different streets. Which car has the right-of-way?

a. the vehicle already in the intersection
b. the vehicle on the left
c. the vehicle that slows down first
31. The driver of a car traveling on a highway is required to yield to
a. any car coming out of a driveway

b. pedestrian
c. cars approaching an intersection from the left
32. When about to make a left run, you should give the right-of-way to cars
coming from the opposite direction
a. until at least two cars have passed

b. which are close enough to be dangerous
c. until five cars have passed
33. If there are pedestrians on a school crossing, you are required to
a. stop and give way only to persons crossing from your right
b. stop only for children and give way to them from either direction
c. stop and do not proceed until all persons are completely clear off
the crossing
34. Should a driver turning at an intersection give way to pedestrians?
a. Yes, a driver turning right or left must give way to pedestrians

b. No pedestrians must give way to all vehicles
c. Yes, but only if the driver is turning left
35. When on a street designed for two-way traffic, you hear the siren of an
emergency vehicle. What does the law require you to do?
a. pull to the right and stop

b. speed up to get out of the way
c. continue at high speed
36. When two vehicles meet on an upgrade road where neither cars pass,
which of the two must yield?

a. the vehicle facing downhill
b. the vehicle facing uphills
c. the vehicle that blow its horn first
37. Before changing lanes in traffic, you should always give a signal, check
your rear-view mirror and
a. turn your head to check other vehicles beside your car

b. sound your horn
c. blink your headlight
38. You should change lanes only after you have
a. signaled your intention and checked traffic

b. signaled your intention
c. checked traffic
39. After passing or overtaking a car, you can safely move back into the lane,
you left if
a. the driver you have passed honks his horn

b. you can see in your rear-view mirror the car you have passed
c. you can see in your side-view mirror the car you have passed
40. You may pass to the right of a car traveling in your direction
a. if the highway is clearly marked for two or more lanes moving

towards the same direction
b. on a road having one lane in opposite direction
c. by driving off the paved roadway
41. If you are traveling in the wrong lane, what must you do to make a turn as
you enter an intersection?
a. make the turn as quickly as possible

b. brake or clutch while actually turning
c. look behind on both sides and see if it is safe before you change
lane

42. You should begin signaling for a right or left turn before reaching the
turning point by at least
a. 30 meters
b. 60 meters
c. 15 meters
43. You should normally begin a right turn on
a. the lane nearest to the road center

b. the lane nearest the right curb
c. the same lane as for a left turn
44. The car behind you wants to pass. You should
a. blow you horn to allow him to pass

b. slow down slightly and pull to the right
c. pull to the right and stop as he can pass
45. When driving on the highway at night, you should use low beam
headlights (dim lights) when
a. another driver dims his lights

b. blinded by the headlights of an approaching vehicle
c. all of the above
46. If the brake lights of several cars ahead of you flash on, you should
a. release accelerator and prepare to brake

b. apply your brakes as soon as possible
c. increase your speed
47. Which of these steps is not correct when making a right turn?
a. stop in the crosswalk

b. signal at least 30 meters ahead of your turn
c. watch for pedestrians on the street you are about to enter
48. The driver must not overtake at the foot or approach of a bridge because

a. he cannot see oncoming vehicles form the other side of the bridge
b. there are pedestrians crossing
c. he might obstruct the flow of traffic
49. The best practice when turning left or right while traveling on a highway
is
a. to signal your intention as you make the turn

b. to give the electrical and/or hand signal at least 30 meters before
you make the turn
c. to disregard signaling if there is no traffic ahead or behind you.
50. Using the shoulder of the road pass to the right of a car ahead of you is
a. allowed if you are turning right

b. allowed if the car ahead is turning left
c. against the law
51. Which of the following is not a safe place to overtake?
a. when approaching a bridge or upon a curve

b. at an intersection
c. both of the above
52. A left turn is more dangerous than a right turn because
a. cars from the right are moving faster

b. you have to be alert for vehicles coming from both left and right
c. four-lane streets are wider than two-lane streets
53. What light shall be used when vehicles are parked on the highway at
night?
a. headlight
b. parking lights or lower-beam headlights
c. signal lights
54. Parking lights may used

a. at anytime
b. for parking and when visibility is poor
c. when driving on a well-lighted streets
55. We consider a vehicle parked when
a. it has brought to stop on the shoulder of a highway and remains

inactive in a place for an appreciable period of time
b. it stops to discharge/take in waiting passengers
c. it loads/unloads small quantity or freight with reasonable dispatch and
moves away without delay
56. When parking downhill, you should turn from from wheel
a. into the curb or toward the side of the road

b. away from the curb
c. any direction will do
57. When parking a card on an upgrade without a curb, the best practice is to
a. get close to the curb and turn the front wheels away from curb
b. turn wheels sharply to the left
c. turn wheels sharply to the right
58. What should you do when parking uphill and there is a curb?
a. turn wheels to curb

b. turn back of wheels to curb
c. turn your front wheels sharply to the left away from curb
59. Before moving your car from a parked position, you should
a. check other traffic, signal and pull from curb when it is safe to do
so
b. signal and pull from curb
c. sound your horn and pull from curb slowly
60. You may never park

a. on a crosswalk
b. on a one-way street
c. within 5-meters of a fire-hydrant
61. When loading or unloading passengers, we usually stop at the
a. right side of the road nearest the sidewalk

b. middle side of the road
c. intersection
62. A driver may load and unload passengers
a. only at designated STOPS

b. whenever a passenger signals for a stop
c. before an intersection
63. Whenever you leave the car unattended, the law says that you stop the
engine and
a. notch effectively the hand brake

b. shift the gear to neutral
c. close the windows
64. When you intend to drive slower than the other vehicles, you should use
the
a. outermost (right) lane

b. center lane
c. innermost (left) lane
65. When you intend to drive faster than the other vehicles, you should use the
a. outermost (right) lane

b. center lane
c. innermost (left) lane
66. Which of the following is the maximum speed limit on expressway?
a. 60 kph

b. 80 kph
c. 100 kph
67. The speed limit within a school zone during school days is
a. 20 kph
b. 25 kph
c. 30 kph
68. When using the basic speed law as a guide, the choice of speed will be
based
a. speed of the driver

b. fuel of car being driven
c. traffic and road condition
69. Under the basic speed law, you may never drive faster than
a. that which is safe

b. the posted limit
c. the flow of traffic
70. A safe speed to drive your car under adverse condition
a. depends on the road and weather condition

b. is the posted speed limit
c. depends on the mechanical skill of the driver
71. At night, you should never drive at a speed which would prevent you from
stopping within the distance
a. you can't see in your headlights

b. of a 4 car-lengths
c. of 170 feet
72. The speed limit signs along the roadways should be thought of as
a. the recommended speed under the best condition

b. the recommended speed under the worst condition

c. the recommended speed under any condition
73. It is move dangerous to drive at the maximum speed limit at night than
during daytime because
a. your reaction time is slower at night

b. the roadways are more apt to be slippery at night
c. you cannot see too far ahead at night
74. Night driving is dangerous because
a. street lights tend to blur your vision

b. more vehicles are on the road at night
c. the distance we can see ahead is reduced
75. When following behind another car, it is considered a safe rule to allow at
least
a. space for one car

b. 15 feet of stopping distance
c. one-car length per 10 miles of speed
76. Which of the following should you do if you feel drowsy while driving?
a. pull off the road and rest

b. move over to the right lane and continue driving
c. increase your speed to get away from other vehicles
77. When approaching sharp curve on the highway, you should
a. decrease speed before entering the curve

b. increase speed while negotiating the curve
c. apply your brake lightly while taking the curve
78. Ignoring traffic lights during late hours of the night could
a. make you a good driver

b. involve you in fatal accident
c. decrease your fuel consumption

79. A good driving attitude of a driver is
a. drive slowly
b. drive-defensively
c. take chances if possible
80. Drivers gather most information with their
a. cars
b. eyes
c. hands
81. Which of the following is most recommended in a way of dealing with

fatigue on a long trip?
a. stop periodically for rest and exercise

b. eat much and drink a little alcoholic beverages
c. take an over-the-counter "keep awake" pill
82. What habit will help you prevent a fixed stare and resist distraction?
a. ground viewing
b. moving your eyes regularly by looking near and far
c. another car's speed
83. Which of the following can you adjust in order to reduce the chance of
collision?
a. your speed and lane position

b. the sharpness of a curve
c. another car's speed
84. Drivers have to make decisions
a. only in heavy traffic

b. only until they become experienced
c. continuously as they drive
85. When interacting with bicyclists, you must

a. be more aware of the road condition
b. adjust speed and increase your space margin
c. use different visual-search ...
86. As you drive, your glances to the side and rear view mirrors should be
a. as brief as possible
b. as long as you like
c. at least one second each
87. At night when you meet another vehicle with blinding bright lights, the
safest thing to do is
a. turn your lights on high beam

b. look slightly to the right side of the roadway
c. look at the headlight of the approaching vehicle
88. When approaching an intersection and the roadway beyond is blocked

with traffic, you should
a. keep as close as possible to the car ahead

b. proceed slowly into the intersection until the traffic ahead moves
on
c. stop before the intersection and wait until traffic ahead moves on
89. Throwing bottles, cans or anything from your vehicle windows is
a. forbidden at all times

b. forbidden only in the province
c. forbidden only is the cities
90. The most effective way to deal with a "tailgater" is to
a. ignore him but don't allow him to get very close to you
b. slow down and let him pass
c. increase your speed and slam on your brakes
91. If you are traveling on a two-lane road and see the chances for trouble are
equal on both sides, you should

a. position your car slightly to the right
b. position your car slightly to the left
c. center your car between the hazards
92. When walking on a roadway where there is no sidewalk, the pedestrians

must always stay
a. on the left side of the road facing traffic

b. on the right side
c. either way will do
93. In case of an accident, the first duty of the driver involved is to
a. pick-up the injured person and take him to the nearest hospital
b. report the accident to the hospital
c. report the accident to the nearest police station
94. In case of injuries involved in an accident, the duty of the uninjured driver
is to
a. call a physician
b. keep the victim lying down
c. try to determine who is at fault
95. To have one's driver's license suspended means to
a. have it revalidated by the LTO

b. have it taken away permanently by the LTO
c. have it taken temporarily by the LTO
96. The main reasons for requiring motor vehicle inspection is to
a. earn revenue for the government

b. give the inspector a chance to look at your car
c. try and make sure that cars meet the safety standards
97. A public utility vehicle can only be driven by holder of a
a. student permit

b. non-professional license
c. professional
98. To own a driver's license is
a. an honor
b. a right
c. a privelege
99. To avoid suspension or revocation, how many days must a driver with an
apprehended license settle his case with LTO?
a. within 15 days
b. within 10 days
c. within 30 days
100. When may you lend your driver's license?
a. under no circumstance
b. to another person who is learning to drive
c. in emergencies
101. If you are involved in an accident, how soon must you make a report to
your nearest police station?
a. at once
b. within 42 hours
c. within 72 hours
102. The driver's license issued to a driver shall entitle him to operate
a. any kind of motor vehicle

b. only motor vehicles described in the license
c. motor vehicle for lifetime
103. The rate of speed prescribed by law does not apply to the driver
a. bringing his employer to an important official meeting

b. of a vehicle who is in pursuit of criminal

c. operating along the highway where traffic is light
104. A person whose driver's license is under suspension may
a. operate a motor vehicle in a case of extreme emergency

b. not operate a motor vehicle under any condition
c. operate a motor vehicle when accompanied by a licensed driver
105. How should you behave when an approaching officer flags down your
vehicle?
a. ignore the apprehending officer and drive away at increased speed

b. stop and argue with the apprehending officer
c. surrender your driver's license and other documents upon
demand
106. The purpose of traffic laws, rules and regulations is to
a. generate revenues for the government

b. establish an orderly movement of vehicles and pedestrian traffic
and penalties
c. discipline traffic enforcers
107. The deadline to renew the registration of a motor vehicle is
a. at the discretion of the operator

b. at the end of the year
c. on the last working day of the month corresponding to the last
digit of the motor vehicle plates
108. Driving without first securing a driver's license is prohibited by law and
punishable by
a. a fine of P1,500 or imprisonment

b. disqualification from securing a driver's license
c. fine and/or imprisonment and disqualification from securing a driver's
license
109. DOT rules and regulations prohibit drivers of public utility vehicles from

a. overcharging fares and using fast taximeters
b. cutting trip or going beyond authorized line or route
110. What document must you always carry along with you whenever you
drive a motor vehicle?
a. driver's license and insurance policy

b. insurance policy
c. driver's license, certificate of registration and current official
receipt of payment of motor vehicle
111. The Director of the LTO may suspend/revoke a driver's license when
a. The driver operated a motor vehicle as an accessory in the commission

of any crime
b. The holder has been convicted for three violations of the land
transportation laws within a 12-month period
112. What must a driver do in case his license gets lost?
a. apply for another new license

b. execute an affidavit of loss and apply for a duplicate license
c. apply for a duplicate license from the CHPG
113. The license of a driver who has been convicted for at least three times
within a 12 month period may be revoked or suspended by the Director for
a. period not exceeding two years

b. three years
c. lifetime
114. Driving with fast and/or tampered taximeter is punishable by
a. a fine of P2,000 and cancellation of the DOT franchise

b. suspension of the operation of the motor vehicle
c. revocation of the driver's license

115. Before a private motor vehicle owner can apply for a DOT franchise, the
motor vehicle must be registered with the
a. Constabulary Highway Patrol Group

b. Philippine Motors Association
c. Land Transportation Office (LTO)
116. Public Service Law prohibits public utility driver to talk to this
passengers while the vehicle is
a. parked
b. climbing the mountain
c. in motion
117. What traffic violation have you committed if you pick passengers on
prohibited zones?
a. discourtesy to motorist
b. reckless driving
c. observing the free flow of traffic
118. Public utility motor vehicle plates are colored
a. yellow background with black numerals

b. white background with green numerals
c. white background with red numerals
119. A red flag or red light must be attached to any load that extends over
a. one-meter to the rear-end of the vehicle

b. two-meters to the rear-end of the vehicle
c. three-meters to the rear-end of the vehicle
120. A driver with Restriction Code No. 1 in his license is allowed to drive
a. motorcycle only
b. truck
c. cars

121. The motor vehicle plates and driver's license may be confiscated by any
authorized LTO agent when the vehicle being operated is found to be
a. unsafe, unsightly and dilapidated

b. color of vehicle is not approved by LTO
c. energy wasteful
122. When a vehicle is stalled or disabled, the driver must park the vehicle on
the shoulder of the road and
a. switch on the parking light

b. install the early warning device
c. switch on the parking light and install the Early Warning Device
to the front and rear of the motor vehicle
123. The Temporary Operator's Permit (TOP) authorizes the driver to operate
a motor vehicle for a period not exceeding
a. 72-hours from time and date of issue

b. one-week
c. 15 days
124. A motor vehicle means any vehicle which
a. is propelled by any power and other than muscular using the

public highways
b. runs only on mile or traffics
c. is propelled by muscular power such as bicycle and carts
126. Who is a professional driver?
a. any driver hired or paid for operating a motor vehicle whether for
private use or for hire to the public
b. an expert and experienced driver
c. one who is not apprehended for any traffic violations
127. When a vehicle starts to skid, what should the driver do?
a. stop immediately on the brakes

b. hold firmly at the moving wheel, slowing down the vehicle
c. turn the wheels opposite the direction of the skid
128. Which of the following are not considered "highways"?
a. public park, alley and callejon

b. roadway upon ground owned by private persons or universities
c. driveway, avenue and boulevard

TRAFFIC SIGNS
1.
a. road ends
b. crossroads
c. Road goes left or right
2.
a. You must give right-of-way

b. You have the right-of-way
c. Early warning device
3.
a. No right turn permitted

b. No left-turn permitted
c. You must not make a U-Turn
4.
a. Stop only if other vehicles are approaching

b. stop sign 150 meters ahead
c. Make a full stop at the intersection and proceed when
the way is clear
5.
a. Left turn only

b. one way to left
c. Exit to left
6.

a. No overtaking
b. No parking
c. Bus stop
7.
a. Indicate that you must not pass

b. No entry of any motor vehicle
c. No parking
8.
a. Motor vehicle cannot load passengers

b. Motor vehicle cannot unload passengers
c. Motor vehicles cannot load/unload passengers
9.
a. No Entry to all types of vehicles

b. Full stop
c. Dead-end street ahead
10.
a. School Zone sign

b. Pedestrian Crossing
c. Playground
11.
a. Road bends, prepare to go right and then left

b. Road close ahead, go right
c. You may travel beyond 30 kph

12.
a. You may travel beyond 30 kph

b. You must limit your speed to 30 kph
c. The distance to the next town is 30 kph
13.
a. Stay on the extreme right side of the highway

b. Road widens ahead
c. Winding road
14.
a. There is a winding road ahead

b. Road widens ahead
c. Barricade ahead, prepare detour
15.
a. Railroad crossing, slow down and prepare to stop

b. intersection
c. Highway ahead
16.
a. Humps ahead - slow down to keep control

b. soft shoulder
c. You are approaching a downgrade
17.
a. No left turn

b. Exit to the left
c. One-way to left
18.
a. Narrow road ahead

b. You are approaching a divided highway
c. Keep right only
19.
a. Steep ascent
b. Falling rocks
c. Your are approaching a downgrade
20.
a. No entry of motor vehicle with more than 2 meters

width
b. The width of the lane is 2 meters
c. Keep a distance of 2 meters to the vehicle infront of you
21.
a. Hospital zone
b. Intersection
c. Highway
22.
a. Runabout
b. No blowing of horn
c. Winding road
23.
a. You are approaching a rotunda

b. You are approaching Bonifacio monument
c. Enter intersection

24.
a. A construction sign replacing flagman on duty

b. Construction sign - slow down, obey
c. This warns of highway work operation ahead
25.
a. School zone
b. Pedestrian lane
c. Playground zone
26.
a. Traffic signal ahead

b. Railway crossing ahead
c. Stop sign 150 meters ahead
27.
a. The distance to the next intersection is 3 meters

b. Do not enter if car is more than 3 meters height
c. Stop sign 3 meters ahead
28.
a. Winding road
b. Curve ahead
c. slippery when wet
29.
a. Divided highway
b. Two-way traffic
c. Highway divides

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COMPANY STATEMENT

To provide relevant and appropriate information to student drivers as well as

To be one of the major contributor of safety on the road through scientific,

AG’s Driving School 1

Remember in each vehicle these controls could be in different places:

AG’s Driving School 2

Starting the car, in a manual car.

AG’s Driving School 3

“Let’s get the car moving shall we”.

- Press the clutch down fully to the floor.

AG’s Driving School 4

If things feel wrong clutch in quickly and start again.

Now accelerate and go up the gears.

Common errors to look out for.

AG’s Driving School 6

Gear names/number of gears position may vary depending on vehicle maker or

The safe way to get started

What are these pedals on the floor for?

AG’s Driving School 7

Starting the car.

AG’s Driving School 8

Keep it slow until you are on the road

Stopping the car where we need it to stop.

AG’s Driving School 9

AG’s Driving School 10

 GREEN - Guide, directional information.

Octagon: Exclusively for stop signs.

Horizontal: Generally for guide signs.

AG’s Driving School 11

Pennant: Advance warning of no passing zones.

Diamond: Exclusively to warn of existing or possible

Vertical Rectangle: Generally for regulatory signs.

Pentagon: School advance and school crossing signs.

Round: Railroad advance warning signs.

Crossbuck: Railroad crossing.

Common Traffic Signs.

Stop Signs are always octagonal (8 sided). A stop sign means

No Passing. You are entering a no passing zone. This sign is

Slippery When Wet

Divided Highway Ahead

Divided Highway Ends

AG’s Driving School 13

One Lane Bridge

AG’s Driving School 14

Sharp Right Turn

Advisory Speed Sign

AG’s Driving School 15

Traffic Signal ahead

Stop Sign Ahead

Two way Traffic Ahead.

AG’s Driving School 16

You cannot go straight ahead

You are going the wrong way on an expressway exit ramp

Divided highway is ahead

AG’s Driving School 17

You may travel only in the direction of the arrow.

This sign list the maximum recommended safe speed for

A diamond-shaped marking shows that a lane is reserved

The center lane is shared for left turns in both directions

AG’s Driving School 18

Traffic in the left lane must turn left at the intersection

Stopping permitted only for emergencies.

You are approaching an area where a speed zone has been

At the intersection ahead traffic in the left lane must turn