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KELOMPOK 7

Kelas : Matematika VIB

Rahmatang (16 0204 0071)

Nurhastasya (16 0204 0066)

Herlina (16 0204 0056)

INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS

A. Statistics definition
statistics is a science that deals with true data and facts or a study of science with data
collection techniques, data processing, data analysis, drawing conclusions and policy
making that are sufficiently strong reasons based on true fact data.
in principle statistics are defined as activities to collect data, present data, analyze data
with certain methods, and interpret the results of the analysis.

B. Definition data, population, samples


1. Data is a measure of a variable. Data is obtained by measuring the value of one or
more variables in a sample (or population). According to the type, the data
consists of quantitative data and qualitative data.
 Quantitative data is data measured on a numerical scale (number).
 Qualitative data, are data that cannot be measured on a numerical scale.
However, because in statistics all data must be in the form of numbers,
qualitative data is generally quantified so that it can be processed.
Quantification can be done by classifying data in the form of categories.
2.Population is a generalization area consisting of objects or subjects that have certain
qualities and characteristics set by researchers to be studied and then conclusions
drawn (Sugiyono. 2005: 90).
3.Samples are some of the objects taken from the entire object under study and are
considered to represent the entire population. (Notoatmojo, 2003).
Sampling is a sampling technique (Sugiyono.2006: 56)
C. main branch of statistics
There are two main branches of statistics:
1. Descriptive statistics
Descriptive statistics are part of statistics that learn how to collect and present
data so that it is easy to understand. Descriptive statistics are only used to
present and analyze data to make it more meaningful to clarify.
2. Inferential statistics
Inferential statistics is used to make predictions or comparisons about a
larger group (a population) using information gathered about a small part of
that population. Thus, inferential statistics involves generalizing beyond the
data, something that descriptive statistics does not do.

D. The working basis of statistics


1.variance: based on the fact that a researcher always faces various problems and
symptoms (variants) both in the form of levels and types.
2. reduction: only part of all events are entitled to be examined (sampling).
3.generalization: even if research is carried out on some or all of the events that are to
be examined, the conclusions of the research will be guided by the whole event or
symptom taken.

E. Mean, median, modus, range


The raw data is presented, namely the English language exam result value data from
the following 40 students:

90 75 74 65 79 78 40 75 40 71

75 76 90 30 72 71 74 50 71 55

60 80 73 73 70 74 72 72 80 70

73 90 72 72 75 74 85 50 55 80

from the test data the results of the test above look for the mean, median, mode,
range, variance, and standard deviation.
1. Mean
The mean is a group explanation technique based on the average value of
the group. So to find the average of the above value table, namely:
𝑥1+𝑥2⋯𝑥𝑛
𝑥=
𝑛
Example: find the mean of the data above?

2. Median
Median is a group explanation technique based on the middle value of a group
of data that has been arranged in the order from the smallest to the largest or from the
largest to the smallest.
So to find the middle value from the table above, we must sort the values from the
smallest to the largest as below:
Example: 30 40 40 50 50 55 55 60 65 70 70 71 71 71 72 72 72 72 72 73 73 73 74 74
74 74 75 75 75 75 76 78 79 80 80 80 85 90 90 90

3. Mode
Mode is a group explanation technique based on popular values (frequently
occurring values).
4. Range
range is the difference between the largest and smallest value.

So to find the range of the data above are: R = 90 - 30 = 60


so the range of the data above is 60.

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