The earthed grids increase the capacity of the photo-electric elements and the

form shown in Fig. 4 may be provided with an earthed network. The elements f may be
mounted on an insulating diaphragm whose other surface has an earthed metal plate
(Fig. 8, not shown). Fig. 3 illustrates the action of the image carriers.
Conductors 2 carrying photo-electric elements fare insulated from each other by
insulators 3. The light incident on the elements f causes emission of electrons and
consequent positive charging of these elements f proportional to the intensity of
the incident light. This charging affects the current impulses transmitted by the
cathode rays k1 in passing through the image carrier. The pencil of rays k1 thus
reduces the positive charges on the photo-electric elements f and even charges them
to a small negative potential, so that the image carrier is preferably swept by
homogeneous light removing these negative potentials between each complete
scanning. Modification using reflecting image carrier. The transmitting tube, Fig.
9, has a reflecting image carrier consisting of a glass plate 38 with square plates
of alkali metal 39 and has an earthed metallic coating 40 on the reverse side. The
grid 41 receives the electrons emitted from the carrier while the Faraday cylinder
42, or Perrin electron receiver 42, 43 receives the reflected electrons. Treatment
of cathode ray pencil. The deflection of the beam k2 in the receiver is dependent
on the electron velocity. This is maintained constant by the device shown in Fig.
10 in which the beam k2 passes through a number of grids 10, 12 charged alternately
to positive and negative potentials. An homogeneous pencil of rays k1 in the
transmitter is obtained by passing the cathode beam through a magnetic or
electrical field provided by plates 14, 15, Fig. 12, and subsequently through a
diaphragm 16. To thin the cathode pencil k1, it is passed through an electrical
longitudinal field 91, Fig. 13, opposite to the direction of motion of the cathode
pencil and provided by two plates 90, 92. This deflects the electrons towards the
axis of the tube as shown by the arrow in the beam k1. The fluorescent screen. The
fluorescent screen has an electric field in front of it accelerating the electrons
and increasing the fluorescence. (Fig. 11, not shown). A mixture of fluorescent
material such as calcium sulphide with copper, uranium or manganese is recommended.
To increase the intensity of fluorescence, the pencil of cathode rays may be
concentrated with either glowing or cold cathodes in a known manner. The cathode
rays may act indirectly on the screen as shown in Fig. 15 in which the pencil k2
charges the separate grid elements f to negative potentials corresponding to its
strength, and these grid elements influence the electrons emitted from the cathode
filaments H which impinge on the screen L. Fig. 16 shows a construction in which
the photo-electric grid elements f are placed between the fluorescent screen L and
the electrode 65. Fig. 17 shows another construction in which the elements f are
mounted on an insulated plate 87, carrying metallic plates 88 on the reverse side,
which is also coated with fluorescent material L. Cathode rays k impinge on the
elements f, and electrodes K1 emit electrons. The screen L may be swept with
homogeneous light after each complete scanning to remove any residual charges. The
screen L may have fluorescent marks at its corners &c. to facilitate adjustment of
the cathode pencil. The screen may be used with an enlarging camera.