Declaration

This is to clarify that this project and thesis is our original work. No part of this work has
been submitted elsewhere partially or fully for the award of any other degree or diploma.
Any material reproduced in this thesis has been properly acknowledged.

Students Name and Signature

----------------------------------------------------------
1. NAME : KHAN CHOWUDHURI ARIF AHSAN
ID : 06-07516-3
Department : EEE

----------------------------------------------------------
2. NAME : SIDDIKY ABU BAKAR
ID : 07-07781-1
Department : EEE

----------------------------------------------------------
3. NAME : HASAN MOHD. ISTIAK
ID : 07-07991-1
Department : EEE

----------------------------------------------------------
4. NAME : RABBANI MD. GOLAM
ID : 06-0776-3
Department : EEE

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 Approval

The thesis titled “Speed Control of Brushless DC Motor using PWM Controller with
Thermal Detection and Mobile Switching” has been submitted to the following respected
members of the Board of Examiners of the faculty of Engineering in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering of Science in Electrical and
Electronic Engineering on August 2010 by the following students and has been accepted
satisfactory.

1. KHAN CHOWUDHURI ARIF AHSAN ID:06-07516-3

2. SIDDIKY ABU BAKAR ID:07-07781-1
3. HASAN MOHD. ISTIAK ID:07-07991-1
4. RABBANI MD. GOLAM ID: 06-07576-3

------------------------------- -------------------------------
Supervisor External supervisor
Mr. Rinku Basak Mr. Mahmoodul Islam
Assistant Professor & Coordinator Lecturer
Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering
AIUB AIUB

-------------------------------- -------------------------------
Prof .Dr.A.B.M.Siddique Hossain Carmen Z. Lamagna
Dean Vice chancellor
Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering
AIUB AIUB

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 Acknowledgement

We would like to pride to express our sincerest regards to our project and thesis
instructor, Mr. Rinku Basak, for his assistance and guidance towards the progress of
this thesis project. Throughout the whole period, Mr. Rinku Basak has been patiently
monitoring our progress and guided us in the right direction and offering
encouragement. Obviously the progress we had now will be uncertain without his
assistance.

We are most thankful to our respected honorable vice Chancellor, Dr. Carmen
Z .Lamagna and our Dean Prof .Dr.A.B.M.Siddique Hossain for encouraging and
allowing us to present the project at our department coordinator and our project
and thesis instructor Mr.Rinku Basak.

Special thanks must also go to the laboratory supervisor, Mr. Masud Bhuiyan for his
advice and help on the thesis. My special appreciation and thanks to my fellow class
mates for their invaluable assistances towards this thesis project.

Most of all, we are very grateful to our families for their unfailing encouragement and
financial support they have given us over the whole period. . We are grateful to our
family members for being a great inspiration. At last we are thankful to our classmates
and friends for their support.

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Contents Page No

Declaration I
Approval II
Acknowledgement III
Content IV-V
List of Figures VI
List of Table VII
Abstract VIII

Chapter 1: Introduction 01-04

1.1 Introduction 01
1.2 Historical Background 01
1.3 Objectives of this Work 03
1.4 Introduction of this Thesis 04

Chapter 2: Theory on Brushless DC Motor 05-19

2.1 Introduction 05
2.2 Basic Construction and Operating Principle 05
2.3 Comparison of Conventional and Brushless DC Motors 12
2.4 Equivalent Circuit and General Equations 14
2.5 Performance of Brushless DC Motors 15
2.6 Advantages of Brushless DC Motors 17
2.7 Applications 18
2.8 Summary 19

Chapter 3: Motor Speed Control using PWM Controller 20-29

3.1 Introduction 20
3.2 Basic Feature of PWM Controller 20
3.3 SG3526-PWM Controller 21
3.4 Internal Construction and Application Information 22
3.5 Operating Principle 27
3.6 Advantages of PWM Controller 29
3.7 Summary 29

Chapter 4: Mobile Signaling for Motor ON and OFF 30-33

4.1 Introduction 30
4.2 Circuit Diagram 30

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4.3 Operational Mechanism 30
4.4 Relay SRD-12VDC-SL-C 31
4.5 Summary 32

Chapter 5: Speed Control with Thermal Detector 33-44

5.1 Introduction 33
5.2 Basic Operation 33
5.3 Electrical Output Characteristics LM 324 38
5.4 Relation between Temperature and Resistance 40
5.5 Typical Circuit and Operating Principle 43
5.6 Summary 44

Chapter 6: Design of Motor Speed Controlling Circuit with Thermal Detection and
Mobile Signaling. 45-54

6.1 Introduction 45
6.2 Circuit Design of an Implemented Circuit 45
6.3 Operating Mechanism 46
6.4 LM 7812-C voltage regulator 47
6.5 IRF 3710 Power MOSFET 49
6.6 Summary 54

Chapter 7: Discussions and Conclusions. 55-56

7.1 Discussions 55
7.2 Limitations of the Work 55
7.3 Suggestions for Future Work 56
7.4 Conclusions 56

References 57-58

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 List of Figures
Page No
Figure 2.1: Disassembled view of a brushless dc motor 06
Figure 2.2: Stator of a brushless DC motor 07
Figure 2.3: Rotor magnet cross sections 08
Figure 2.4: BLDC = Permanent magnet ac motor + Electronic commutator 09
Figure 2.5: Three-phase motor having auxiliary salient poles 09
Figure 2.6: Hall sensor signal, back emf, output torque and phase current 11
Figure 2.7: Dynamic per phase equivalent circuit of brushless dc motors 14
Figure 2.8: Steady state per phase equivalent circuit of brushless dc motors 14
Figure 2.9: Torque-Speed curve of a brushless DC motor 16
Figure 3.1: 5V pulses with 0% through 50% duty cycle 20
Figure 3.2: pin configuration of SG3526 PWM controller 22
Figure 3.3: Block diagram of SG3526 PWM controller 22
Figure 3.4: extending reference output current 23
Figure 3.5: Simplified under voltage lockout 24
Figure 3.6: soft-start circuit schematic 24
Figure 3.7: digital control port schematic 25
Figure: 3.8: oscillator connection and waveforms 26
Figure 3.9: error amplifier connections 26
Figure 3.10: driving N channel power MOSFET 27
Figure 3.11: 24VDC Motor speed control with 20A short circuit protection 28
Figure 4.1: Figure 4.1: Motor speed control with mobile signaling. 30
Figure 4.2: Disassembled view and internal circuit of Relay SRD-12VDC-SL-C 31
Figure 5.1: circuit construction of LM35 temperature sensor 35
Figure 5.2: LM35 temperature sensor 36
Figure 5.3: Disassembled views of LM324 low power operational amplifier 37
Figure 5.4: Internal block diagram of LM324 low power operational amplifier 37
Figure 5.5: Output voltage vs. temperature 38
Figure 5.6: Resistance vs. temperature 42
Figure 5.7: Typical Circuit of motor Speed Control with Thermal Detect 43
Figure 6.1: Implemented circuit design of Motor Speed Control with thermal detection
and mobile signaling. 45
Figure 6.2: Disassembled view of LM 7812-C voltage regulator 47
Figure 6.3: Circuit block diagram of LM 7812-C voltage regulator 48
Figure 6.4: IRF 3710 Power MOSFET 50
Figure 6.5:.N-Channel power MOSFET Cross-Section 51
Figure 6.6: Power MOSFET Breakdown characteristics 52

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 List of Tables

Table 2.1 Comparing a BLDC motor to a brushed DC motor 12

Table 2.2 Comparing a BLDC motor to an induction motor 13
Table 5.1 Electrical Output Characteristics of LM 324 for TA=25 °C 38
Table 5.2 Electrical Output Characteristics of LM 324 39
for -25 °C ≤ TA ≤ + 85 °C
Table 5.3: Resistance vs. temperature 41
Table 6.1 Electrical Output Characteristics of L7812 48
Table 6.2 Electrical Output Characteristics of IRF3710 for T=25 °C 53

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 Abstract

The basic principles of electromagnetic induction were discovered in the early 1800's by
Oersted, Gauss, and Faraday. In 1819, Hans Christian Oersted and Andie Marie Ampere
discovered that an electric current produces a magnetic field. The next 15 years saw a
flurry of cross-Atlantic experimentation and innovation. Finally using the principles
developed by Michael Faraday and Joseph Henry, he built the first electric motor in 1834.

The theory of motor speed control has developed since the late 18 th
century. Simply, speed control is defined as accurately controlling the
change of a parameter based on speed that is voltage and
current .Since human society entered the industrial age in the 18th century, motor
control, especially precision motor speed control, has steadily gathered attention in terms
of research. However the first modern DC motor was invented in 1873. Conventional dc
motors are highly efficient but their only drawback is that they need a commutator and
brushes which are subject to wear and require maintenance. When the functions of
commutator and brushes were implemented by solid-state switches, maintenance-free
motors were realized. These motors are now known as brushless dc motors.

In this project Pulse-width modulation (PWM) method has been used to control the
speed of brushless DC motor with GSM mobile switching and thermal detection. Typical
methods of motor speed control are rheostat control or linear electronic control. Although
they are simple solutions, both methods cause some major sufferings. Pulse-width
modulation (PWM) method improves speed control and reduces power losses in the
system that increases the mean time between charge cycles of the battery with greater
efficiency. When the functions of commutator and brushes were implemented by solid-
state switches, maintenance-free motors were realized. These motors are now known as
brushless dc motors. Brushless DC motors run from a dc power source but not have
commutators and brushes. There is an increasing demand for battery–operated motor
applications in the market today. For motor switching ON and OFF has been performed
by GSM network based mobile signaling that provides us to control the motor switching
from whatever the distance is. Motor speed control with thermal detector has been a
additional technique where the integrated circuit temperature sensors give an output
voltage that is linearly proportional to the temperature. As a whole, speed of the brushless
DC motor may control together with PWM controller and mobile switching that is
suitable for future applications such as robot navigation, automobile, air craft circuit and
so on.

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