Research Methodology Mid Paper Solved

Imran Ahmad
May 29,2019

Question no.1Define and explain research in perspective of com-

puter science?
Ansawer. Research in perspective of computer science
Research
Creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge,
including knowledge of humans, culture and society, and the use of this stock
of knowledge to devise new applications.
Purpose of Research
The main purpose of research is to inform action, to prove a theory, and
contribute to developing knowledge in a field or study.It is used to establish
or confirm facts, reaffirm the results of previous work, solve new or existing
problems, support theorems, or develop new theories.
Duties of Computer and information researcher
Computer Researcher typically do the following:

• Explore fundamental issues in computing and develop theories and

models to address those issues.

• Help scientists and engineers solve complex computing problems.

• Invent new computing languages, tools, and methods to improve the

way in which people work with computers.

• Develop and improve the software systems that form the basis of the
modern computing experience. Design experiments to test the opera-
tion of these software systems

• Analyze the results of their experiments.

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 • Publish their findings in academic journals and present their findings
at conferences.
• create and improve computer software and hardware.
• Design new computer architecture that improves the performance and
efficiency of computer hardware.
I.Research types apllicable in computer science
Research in Computing Science and AI falls into three main categories, with
different types of aims, and different success/failure criteria, though each of
the categories feeds on and contributes to the others.
• Experimental Method
Experimental shows the experiments that will occur in order extract
results from real world implementations. Experiments can test the ve-
racity of theories. This method within CS is used in several different
fields like artificial neural networks, automating theorem proving, nat-
ural languages, analyzing performances and behaviors, etc.
• Simulation Method
Simulation method used especially in CS because it offers the possi-
bility to investigate systems or regimes that are outside of the experi-
mental domain or the systems that is under invention or construction.
Normally complex phenomena that cannot be implemented in labora-
tories evolution of the universe. Some domains that adopt computer
simulation methodologies are sciences such as astronomy, physics or
economics, the study of non-linear systems, virtual reality or artificial
life also exploit these methodologies.
II.characteristics of Research

• Research originates with a question or problem.

• Research requires clear articulation of a goal.
• Research usually divides the principal problem into more manageable
sub-problems.
• Research is guided by the specific research problem, question, or hy-
pothesis. 5)Research requires a specific plan for proceeding.

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 • Research rests on certain critical assumptions.

• Research requires the collection and interpretation of data in an at-

tempt to resolve the problem that initiated the research.

• Research is, by its nature, cyclical or, more exactly, helical.

Question no.2 Define and explain Research Problem?
Ansawer .Research Problem

A research problem is a statement about an area of concern, a condition

to be improved, a difficulty to be eliminated, or a troubling question that
exists in scholarly literature, in theory, or in practice that points to the need
for meaningful understanding and deliberate investigation. In some social
science disciplines the research problem is typically posed in the form of a
question. A research problem does not state how to do something.

Purpose of a problem statement

• Introduce the reader to the importance of the topic being studied. The
reader is oriented to the significance of the study and the research
questions or hypotheses to follow.

• Places the problem into a particular context that defines the parameters
of what is to be investigated.

• Provides the framework for reporting the results and indicates what is
probably necessary to conduct the study and explain how the findings
will present this information.
I.Framing a research problem using some evaluation criteria
A good research question is essential to guide your research paper, project or
thesis. It pinpoints exactly what you want to find out and gives your work a
clear focus and purpose. All research questions should be:
• Focused on a single problem or issue.

• Researchable using primary and/or secondary sources.

• Feasible to answer within the timeframe and practical constraints.

• Specific enough to answer thoroughly.

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 • Complex enough to develop the answer over the space of a paper or
thesis.

• Relevant to your field of study and/or society more broadly.

Question no.3 What is literature Review and why s it needed?

Ansawer .Literature Review
A literature review is a survey of scholarly sources (such as books, journal
articles, and theses) on a particular topic. It gives an overview of key findings,
concepts and developments in relation to a research problem or question. A
good literature review doesn’t just summarize sources—it aims to:

• Analyze, interpret and critically evaluate the literature.

• Synthesize sources to highlight patterns, themes, conflicts, and gaps.

• Show the state of current knowledge in relation to a central research

question or hypothesis.

Purpose of literature Review

When we write a thesis or dissertation, we will have to conduct a literature
review to situate your research within existing knowledge. we might include
it in the introduction or theoretical framework, or it might be a separate
chapter that comes before the methodology and results sections.

we might also be assigned a literature review as a stand-alone paper. The

content will look slightly different in each case, but the process of conducting
a literature review will follow the same steps.
I.Objectives of literature Review
Few of the reasons why we carry out a literature review are:

• Knowing the work carried out by others in your area of research helps
you in avoiding repetition of work and helps you plot your work ac-
cordingly.

• To gain an in-depth understanding of the area in which the research is

being carried out.

• To gain understanding and overview of all the work that has been done
in the past in the area.

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 • To find and justify the research gaps that we intend to work on.
• To justify the need of research in the area.
II.Sources of reviewing Literature
Here are some of the sources from which i can review the literature
• Journals
• Books
• Newspapers
• Some government publications
• reports
Question no.4 What are philosophical principles in Research?
Ansawer .Philosophical Principles in Research
Here are some of the highlights:
• Honesty
Strive for honesty in all scientific communications. Honestly report
data, results, methods and procedures, and publication status. Do
not fabricate, falsify, or misrepresent data. Do not deceive colleagues,
research sponsors, or the public.
• Objectivity
Strive to avoid bias in experimental design, data analysis, data inter-
pretation, peer review, personnel decisions, grant writing, expert tes-
timony, and other aspects of research where objectivity is expected or
required. Avoid or minimize bias or self-deception. Disclose personal
or financial interests that may affect research.
• Integrity
Keep your promises and agreements; act with sincerity; strive for con-
sistency of thought and action.
• Respect for Intellectual Property
Honor patents, copyrights, and other forms of intellectual property.
Do not use unpublished data, methods, or results without permission.
Give proper acknowledgement or credit for all contributions to research.
Never plagiarize.

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References
JONATHAN A.SMITH,A practicle guide to research methods,(2015)