Finding the unit digit when a number is raised to some power
(i) Finding the unit digit is 0, 1, 5 or 6 : So, 6 + 1 + 5 + 0 = 12
When a number having 0, 1, 5 or 6 as unit digit is raised Required unit digit is ‘2’. to some power, the number obtained will have the same (2) Find the unit digit : number, i.e., 0, 1, 5 or 6 respectively, as its unit digit, no [(54)99 + 9954] × [(144)144 + (199)199] matter what power it is raised to. (a) 4 (b) 1 (c) 5 (d) 6 When the unit digit is 2, 3, 7 or 8 : Solution: Ans. (c) (54)99 (99)54 (144)144 (199)199 Unit digit Unit digit Unit digit Unit digit Unit digit 4 1 6 9 ( 4 + 1) × (6 + 9) = 5 × 15 = 75 21 31 71 81 So, required unit digit is 4 2 3 7 8 (3) Find the unit digit : 22 32 72 82 [(162)162 × (197)150] + [(543)540 × (698)638] 4 9 9 4 (a) 6 (b) 0 23 33 73 83 (c) 4 (d) 7 8 7 3 2 Solution: 24 34 74 84 6 1 1 6 162 162 4 Remainder = 2 (162) From the above table, it is clear that 2, 3, 7 and 8 have a 22 =4 cyclicity of 4 for the unit digits So, unit digit in (162)162 4 So, to find the unit digit, we divide the power by 4 and 150 150 4 Remainder = 2 raise the unit of the original number to the remainder (197) 2 But, when the power is completely divisible by 4, the 7 =49 unit digit is obtained by raising the unit digit of the original number to power 4 So, unit digit in (197)150 is 9 540 540 4 Remainder = 0 When the unit digit is 4 : (543) If the power is odd unit digit is 4 34 =81 If the power is even unit digit is 6 So, unit digit in (543)540 is 1 When the unit digit is 9 If the power is odd unit is 9 If the power is even unit digit is 1 Questions: So, unit digit in (698)638 is 4. (1) Find the unit digit of : (4x9) + (1x4) = 40 (126)125 + (141)150 + (125)126 + (150)141 (a) 2 (b) 1 So, the required unit digit is ‘0’ (c) 6 (d) 5
Solution: Ans. (a) (126)125 (141)150 (125)126 (150)141 Unit digit 6 1 5 0
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION: NEW DEVELOPMENTS AND INNOVATIONS. Proceedings of The 5th International Baltic Symposium On Science and Technology Education (BalticSTE2023)