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NANJING UNIVERSITY OF AERONAUTICS AND ATSRONUATICS

COLLEGE OF INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION

MECHANISM AND MACHINE THEORY COURSE


PROJECT

SYNTHESIS & KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF MECHANISMS


IN
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

TATENDA 塔泰德

191762126
2
Number of items
Stroke of the piston H
270
mm
Eccentricity e1 mm 0
Rotational speed of
650
pinion n1 rpm
Tooth number of
21
pinion Z1
Tooth number of
19
pinion Z2
Tooth number of
42
pinion Z3
Module m mm 4
Distance L1 mm 72
Distance L2 mm 114
Eccentricity e2 mm 5
Radius of base circle 35
Angle for rise 50
Angle for outer dwell 5
Angle for return 50
Angle for inner dwell 255
Stroke of gas valve h
8
mm
Parameters of gear : pressure angle α= 20°, coefficient of addendum ha* = 1.0,
coefficient of bottom clearance c* = 0.25
Procedure of synthesis:
 First we will determine necessary formulas.
 Second we will calculate values
 Third we will approach analytical method.
 Synthesis of gear mechanisms

1) Determine the transmission ratio according to the given data, then,


calculate the basic geometric dimension, select the right type of the gear
pairs.
2) Calculate other parameters of the gear mechanism, for examples:
modification coefficient x, the center distance separate coefficient y, the
addendum modify coefficient σ etc, calculation the size of gear pairs: center
distance, diameter of reference circle, diameter of the addendum circle da,
diameter of the dedendum circle df and diameter of the base circle db.
3) Calculate the contact ratio of gear pairs ε, the length of common normal of
pinion Wn and the thickness of addendum Sa.

Calculation of angular velocity ratio:

19/21=0.90476

42/21=2

= 0.90476 x 2
= 1.80952

Center distance Calculation:


We know, a = m/2(z1 + z2)
So,
a1 = 4/2(21 + 19)= 80 mm
a2 = 4/2( 19 + 42)= 122 mm

Diameter of reference circle: d = mz

d1 = mz1 = 4 * 21 = 84 mm
d2 = mz2 = 4 * 19 = 76 mm
d3 = mz3 = 4 * 42 = 168 mm

Base circle diameter: db = d cos α

db1 = d1 cos α = 84 cos 200 = 78.93 mm


db2 = d2 cos α = 76 cos 200 = 71.42 mm
db3 = d3 cos α = 168 cos 200 = 157.87 mm

Diameter of addendum circle:


da =m(z+2*h *)

da1 = m(z1 + 2*1 ) = 4 (21 + 2) = 92 mm


da2=m(z2+2*)=4(19+2)=84mm
da3 = m(z3 + 2*1 ) = 4 (42 + 2) = 176 mm

Diameter of dedendum circle: df = (z – 2ha* - 2c*)m


df1 = (z1 – 2ha* - 2c*) m = 4(21- 2*1- 2 * 0.25) = 74 mm
df2 = (z2 – 2ha* - 2c*) m = 4(19- 2*1- 2 * 0.25) = 66 mm
df3 = (z3 – 2ha* - 2c*) m = 4(42- 2*1- 2 * 0.25) = 158
mm
(21*4)/2 = 42 mm

(19*4)/2 = 38 mm

(42*4)/2

Crank – Slider Analysis Program:

Displacement
Program :
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <iomanip>
#include <math.h>
#include <fstream.>
#define pi 3.141592
int main()
{
fstream file;
file.open("displacement.txt", ios::out);
float x, L;
int a;
printf("Input L: ");
scanf("%f", &L);
for(a=0; a<=360; a+=5)
{
x = L * cos(a*pi/180) + L * sqrt(9-sin(a*pi/180)*sin(a*pi/180));
cout<<a<<"/t"<<x<<"/n";
file<<a<<"/t"<<x<<endl;
}
Table of output data of displacement program

0/t440 180/t220
5/t439.442 185/t220.279
10/t437.776 190/t221.118
15/t435.021 195/t222.518
20/t431.215 200/t224.482
25/t426.403 205/t227.015
30/t420.647 210/t230.122
35/t414.019 215/t233.806
40/t406.601 220/t238.071
45/t398.484 225/t242.921
50/t389.767 230/t248.354
55/t380.553 235/t254.366
60/t370.951 240/t260.951
65/t361.069 245/t268.093
70/t351.016 250/t275.771
75/t340.897 255/t283.957
80/t330.814 260/t292.611
85/t320.862 265/t301.687
90/t311.127 270/t311.127
95/t301.688 275/t320.862
100/t292.612 280/t330.814
105/t283.957 285/t340.897
110/t275.771 290/t351.016
115/t268.093 295/t361.069
120/t260.951 300/t370.951
125/t254.367 305/t380.553
130/t248.354 310/t389.767
135/t242.921 315/t398.484
140/t238.071 320/t406.601
145/t233.806 325/t414.019
150/t230.122 330/t420.647
155/t227.015 335/t426.403
160/t224.482 340/t431.215
165/t222.518 345/t435.021
170/t221.118 350/t437.776
175/t220.279 355/t439.442
360/t440

Displacement graph

Velocity Program

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <iomanip>
#include <math.h>
#include <fstream.>
#define pi 3.141592
int main()
{
fstream file;
file.open("velocity.txt", ios::out);
float v, L;
int a;
printf("Input L: ");
scanf("%f", &L);
for(a=0; a<=360; a+=5)
{
v = 0 - (L * sin(a*pi/180) + L * sin(2*a*pi/180) / sqrt(9-
sin(a*pi/180)*sin(a*pi/180)))*68;
cout<<a<<"\t"<<v<<"\n";
file<<a<<"\t"<<v<<endl;
}
}

Table of output data of velocity program


0 0 185 218.778
5 -1085.07 190 444.684
10 -2153.09 195 684.632
15 -3187.3 200 945.107
20 -4171.51 205 1231.94
25 -5090.43 210 1550.08
30 -5929.92 215 1903.35
35 -6677.35 220 2294.21
40 -7321.89 225 2723.54
45 -7854.78 230 3190.36
50 -8269.66 235 3691.73
55 -8562.77 240 4222.56
60 -8733.17 245 4775.55
65 -8782.8 250 5341.29
70 -8716.51 255 5908.33
75 -8541.91 260 6463.56
80 -8269.16 265 6992.52
85 -7910.55 270 7479.99
90 -7480 275 7910.54
95 -6992.53 280 8269.16
100 -6463.56 285 8541.91
105 -5908.34 290 8716.51
110 -5341.29 295 8782.8
115 -4775.56 300 8733.18
120 -4222.57 305 8562.78
125 -3691.74 310 8269.66
130 -3190.37 315 7854.78
135 -2723.54 320 7321.89
140 -2294.22 325 6677.36
145 -1903.35 330 5929.93
150 -1231.94 335 5090.44
160 -945.111 340 4171.53
165 -684.636 345 3187.31
170 -444.688 350 2153.11
175 -218.781 355 1085.09
180 -0.00162962 360 0.0162962

Graph of Velocity programme

Acceleration program

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <math.h>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>
#define pi 3.141592
int main()
{
fstream file;
file.open("bombombom.txt", ios::out);
float A, L;
int a;
printf("Input L: ");
scanf("%f", &L);
for(a=0; a<=360; a+=5)
{
A=0-(L*cos(a*pi/180)+L*2*cos(2*a*pi/180)/sqrt(9-
sin(a*pi/180)*sin(a*pi/180))+L*2*sin(2*a*pi/180)*sin(2*a*pi/180)/((sqrt(9-
sin(a*pi/180)*sin(a*pi/180)))*(sqrt(9-sin(a*pi/180)*sin(a*pi/180)))*(sqrt(9-
sin(a*pi/180)*sin(a*pi/180)))))*68*68;
cout<<a<<"\t"<<A<<"\n";
file<<a<<"\t"<<A<<endl;
}
}

Table of output data of acceleration program


0 -847733 175 171484
5 -841925 180 169547
10 -824521 185 171484
15 -795596 190 177304
20 -755306 195 187021
25 -703930 200 200624
30 -641924 205 218039
35 -569991 210 239066
40 -489134 215 263316
45 -400713 220 290148
50 -306476 225 318613
55 -208556 230 347419
60 -109432 235 374932
65 -11835.2 240 399208
70 81384.4 245 418086
75 167435 250 429315
80 243783 255 430727
85 308346 260 420432
90 359663 265 397008
95 397008 270 359663
100 420432 275 308347
105 430727 280 243784
110 429315 285 167437
115 418086 290 81385.7
120 399208 295 -11833.7
125 374932 300 -109430
130 347420 305 -208555
135 318613 310 -306474
140 290148 315 -400712
145 263316 320 -489132
150 239066 325 -569990
155 218039 330 -641923
160 200624 335 -703929
165 187021 340 -755306
170 177304 345 -795596
350 -824521
355 -841925
360 -847733

ACCELERATION
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10 0 100 200 300 400

-20
-30
-40
Cam mechanism:

#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#define PI 3.14159
main()
{
FILE *fp;
float e,s,j1,r,r0,x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,x4,y4,j2,dx,dy,ds;
fp=fopen("tulun1.txt","w");
r0=6;
e=6;
r=35;
for(j1=0;j1<=120;j1+=5)
{s=4.5*(1-cos(PI*j1/60));
x1=(sqrt(r*r-e*e)+s)*sin(j1/180*PI)+e*cos(j1/180*PI);
y1=(sqrt(r*r-e*e)+s)*cos(j1/180*PI)-e*sin(j1/180*PI);
ds=4.5*PI/60*sin(PI*j1/60);
dx=ds*sin(PI*j1/180)+(sqrt(r*r-e*e)+s)*cos(PI*j1/180)-e*sin(PI*j1/180);
dy=ds*cos(PI*j1/180)-(sqrt(r*r-e*e)+s)*sin(j1*PI/180)-e*cos(PI*j1/180);
x3=x1+r0*dy/sqrt(dx*dx+dy*dy);
y3=y1-r0*dx/sqrt(dx*dx+dy*dy);
fprintf(fp,"%12f %12f %12f %12f %12f\n",j1,x1,y1,x3,y3);
}
for(j1=120;j1<=360;j1+=5)
{x2=sqrt(r*r-e*e)*sin(j1/180*PI)+e*cos(j1/180*PI);
y2=sqrt(r*r-e*e)*cos(j1/180*PI)-e*sin(j1/180*PI);
x4=(sqrt(r*r-e*e)-r0)*sin(j1/180*PI)+e*cos(PI*j1/180);
y4=(sqrt(r*r-e*e)-r0)*cos(j1/180*PI)-e*sin(PI*j1/180);
fprintf(fp,"%12f %12f %12f %12f %12f %12f\n ",j1,x2,y2,x4,y4);
}
}
Results of the mechanism:

0 6 34.48188 4.971428 28.570702


5 8.995823 33.98048 7.47023 28.177673
10 12.001246 33.509861 9.996679 27.854624
15 15.061243 33.027134 12.596483 27.556763
20 18.201187 32.464558 15.295371 27.215155
25 21.420069 31.738312 18.092867 26.745344
30 24.687075 30.759304 20.959242 26.057894
35 27.942017 29.444691 23.836102 25.069593
40 31.099586 27.728739 26.640606 23.714079
45 34.056973 25.57173 29.27293 21.95055
50 36.703918 22.965843 31.626141 19.769569
55 38.934109 19.937351 33.597382 17.195211
60 40.656399 16.544823 35.098942 14.283257
65 41.804699 12.87363 36.068005 11.1157
70 42.345192 9.027369 36.473709 7.792181
75 42.280079 5.117304 36.320805 4.419427
80 41.647377 1.251046 35.649281 1.099939
85 40.51675 -2.478112 34.530064 -2.078646
90 38.981907 -5.999949 33.057228 -5.052233
95 37.150383 -9.273104 31.337616 -7.785911
100 35.131985 -12.287222 29.479176 -10.27582
105 33.027168 -15.061203 27.579332 -12.547028
110 30.916813 -17.637806 25.714975 -14.647674
115 28.854494 -20.075274 23.935133 -16.640177
120 26.862223 -22.437044 22.257271 -18.590693
120 26.862223 -22.437044 21.666065 -19.437054
125 24.804489 -24.69286 19.88957 -21.25141
130 22.557978 -26.760748 17.961704 -22.904032
135 20.139788 -28.624971 15.897138 -24.382339
140 17.568321 -30.271341 13.711585 -25.675083
145 14.863149 -31.687328 11.421679 -26.772425
150 12.04486 -32.862156 9.044848 -27.666012
155 9.134902 -33.786884 6.59918 -28.349043
160 6.155423 -34.454475 4.103289 -28.816322
165 3.129097 -34.859844 1.576169 -29.064293
170 0.078957 -34.999912 -0.962947 -29.091066
175 -2.971784 -34.873608 -3.494734 -28.896441
180 -5.999908 -34.481895 -5.999924 -28.481895
185 -8.982369 -33.827755 -8.459452 -27.850586
190 -11.89647 -32.916168 -10.854597 -27.007317
-
195 -31.754066 -13.167133 -25.958506
14.720031
-
200 -30.350298 -15.379459 -24.712137
17.431564
-
205 -28.715548 -17.474739 -23.277693
20.010431
210 -22.43701 -26.862253 -19.437025 -21.666092
-
215 -24.804522 -21.251385 -19.889599
24.692827
-
220 -22.558014 -22.904007 -17.961735
26.760717
-
225 -20.139826 -24.382318 -15.89717
28.624945
-
230 -17.568361 -25.675064 -13.711619
30.271318
-
235 -14.863191 -26.772409 -11.421716
31.687309
-
240 -12.044904 -27.665998 -9.044885
32.862141
-
245 -9.134947 -28.349035 -6.599218
33.786873
-
250 -6.155468 -28.816317 -4.103327
34.454464
255 -34.85984 -3.129143 -29.064291 -1.576207
-
260 -0.079003 -29.091068 0.962909
34.999912
-
265 2.971738 -28.896444 3.494696
34.873611
-
270 5.999863 -28.481903 5.999887
34.481903
-
275 8.982325 -27.850597 8.459414
33.827766
-
280 11.896426 -27.007332 10.854562
32.916183
-
285 14.719989 -25.958525 13.167099
31.754086
-
290 17.431522 -24.712156 15.379427
30.350321
-
295 20.010393 -23.277716 17.474709
28.715572
-
300 22.436974 -21.666117 19.436996
26.862282
-
305 24.692795 -19.889627 21.251358
24.804554
-
310 26.760689 -17.961765 22.903984
22.558048
-
315 28.624918 -15.897202 24.382298
20.139862
-
320 30.271296 -13.711654 25.675047
17.568401
-
325 31.68729 -11.421751 26.772394
14.863233
-
330 32.862125 -9.044922 27.665987
12.044947
335 -9.134992 33.786861 -6.599256 28.349026
340 -6.155514 34.454456 -4.103365 28.816313
345 -3.129189 34.859837 -1.576246 29.064289
350 -0.07905 34.999912 0.96287 29.09107
355 2.971692 34.873615 3.494658 28.89645
360 5.999817 34.481911 5.999849 28.481911
CAM MECHANISM
40

30

20

10

0
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50
-10

-20

-30

-40

Series1 Series2

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