A Proposed Midsayap Municipal Government Complex

“A Study on the Impacts of Design Elements on Behavioral Patterns Through

Architectural Psychology”

Abstract:

Midsayap is a town in the suburbs in North Cotabato. Its community is mostly

made up of Ilonggos and Ilocanos. Their customs and traditions have been passed
through the years which has caused their cultures to combine. Ilonggos are known to
be soft-spoken because of their nature of being “malambing”, while the Ilocanos are
known for their being stingy or “kuripot”. The study wishes to bring light to the
importance of cultural relativism in the workplace. As it comprises of a person's beliefs,
values, and practices and understanding them based on their culture. The study
focuses on implementing solutions which provide meaningful implementation centered
on the psychological well-being. It attempts to allow for a better comprehension of how
the relationship between built environment and human psychology has progressed
and how they impact each other in general. It hopes to explore the negative and
positive effects of design patterns and how it invokes a feeling of security or inversely
discomfort. It would also illustrate the importance of vegetation and its therapeutic
effects in a build environment. However, it only revolves around the settlers within the
town.

Keywords:

Government Complex, Local Filipino Behavior, Architecture psychology, Ilonggo,

Ilocano

Prepared by:

Garduque, Ena Karyl P.

Reasoning, Rationality, And Architectural Resolution
By: Scholl, Brian J., Philosophical Psychology, 09515089, Dec97, Vol. 10, Issue 4

Recent evidence suggests that performance on reasoning tasks may reflect the operation of a number of distinct
cognitive mechanisms and processes. This paper explores the implications of this view of the mind for the descriptive and
normative assessment of reasoning. I suggest that descriptive questions such as "Are we equipped to reason using rule X?"
and normative questions such as "Are we rational?" are obsolete--they do not possess a fine enough grain of architectural
resolution to accurately characterize the mind. I explore how this general lesson can apply to specific experimental
interpretations, and suggest that 'rationality' must be evaluated along a number of importantly distinct dimensions.

Here are two interesting questions: (1) On which kinds of reasoning tasks do we typically succeed, and on which
do we typically fail? (2) What exactly is it about the human cognitive architecture that underwrites and explains this
pattern of performance? In principle, both sorts of questions are central to the study of human reasoning. In practice,
however, the importance of the latter sort of question is not always fully appreciated. Occasionally, the distinction blurs as
the results of some experiment are discussed not as data points, but as explanations of the character of cognition. If, for
example, it is found that we are often unable to correctly apply some logical or probabilistic rule in a given situation, then it
is concluded that the rule is not encoded as a part of our 'mental logic', and we are thus irrational with respect to that rule.

'Reasoning', in this caricatured treatment, amounts to an indivisible cognitive mechanism, and performance in
the experimental task is implicitly seen as resulting from a single cognitive process. In such a view of the mind, one can
readily reason backwards from faulty performance in a reasoning task to faulty operation of the cognitive mechanism of
'reasoning'. This makes it relatively easy to evaluate reasoning, both descriptively and normatively.

There is some reason to believe, though, that the mind is not so organized. Recent evidence suggests that
performance on reasoning tasks may reflect the operation of a number of cognitive processes, many of which may be
distinct from our pretheoretic conception of 'reasoning'. Furthermore, the cognitive processes which do subserve what we
pretheoretically call 'reasoning' may be housed in a number of independent (and perhaps domain specific) cognitive
modules.

This modern view of the mind has weighty implications for the assessment of human reasoning, which I explore
in this paper. When asking and answering questions about such a mind, one must strive to attain as fine a grain of
architectural resolution as possible. Descriptive questions such as "Are we equipped to reason using rule X?" and
normative questions such as "Are we rational?"--questions which implicitly characterize reasoning as resulting from an
indivisible cognitive mechanism--may prove obsolete. Much of the existing discussion on such issues, however, has been
implicitly conducted via just these sorts of questions, and may have to be reworked. The goal of this paper is to
characterize what such a reworking might involve.

In what follows, I discuss two examples of how attention to architectural resolution forces us to reinterpret
certain experimental results, and their implications for the evaluation of reasoning and rationality.4

1. Example 1: reasoning and florid modularity

One of the most important results that has emerged from cognitive science thus far is the realization that what
we pretheoretically term 'cognition' is actually an amalgam of a number of distinct mechanisms and processes. There are
familiar reasons to believe, for example, that the mechanisms which subserve visual object recognition are not the same
mechanisms which subserve syntactic parsing, or commonsense reasoning. The mind is not an undifferentiated, indivisible
entity.

Researchers from the emerging field of evolutionary psychology have recently taken this insight to heart, with a
vengeance. They have championed a view of the mind as floridly modular, overflowing with distinct, innately specified,
domain-specific subsystems. They have also marshalled an impressive array of support for this position, including both
theoretical arguments as to the adaptive value of different cognitive architectures, and experimental demonstrations of
the existence of specific cognitive modules.
The Psychology of Space
By: Owen, David, New Yorker, 0028792X, , Vol. 88, Issue 44

Annals of Architecture

Can a Norwegian firm solve the problems of Times Square?

The home of the Norwegian National Opera and Ballet, in Oslo, resembles a glacier that’s calving great wedges of
glass and white marble, and at night its windows, which are huge, project sheets of amber light onto the Oslo Fjord. Yet the
Opera’s main impact, since its opening, in 2008, has been civic rather than aesthetic. It was built on an old industrial site as
part of a larger effort to reclaim a stretch of ruined waterfront, and, despite its unpromising location, its roof—which slants
upward from the harbor and seems to emerge from the water—has become a busy public square. Parents push baby
carriages to the top; tourists pull suitcases from the train station; swimmers, sunbathers, kayakers, and swans treat the
western edge as a beach. Dog walking, Tai Chi, and sunset watching are popular. For a performance of “Carmen” in 2009,
the opera company showed a free simulcast on a large screen in front of the building, and some five thousand people
spread picnic blankets on the roof to watch it. During the building’s inaugural performance, a young couple were
discovered making love above the auditorium. One of the architects told me that he considered their act both a
compliment and the building’s “consummation.”

The Oslo Opera House was designed by the Norwegian architecture firm Snøhetta, which was named for an
object (a mountain in central Norway) rather than for a star partner or partners. There are two principals, both in their
fifties: in Oslo, Kjetil Thorsen, who is Norwegian; and in New York Craig Dykers, who is American but has spent most of his
life in Europe, including sixteen years in Norway. Both downplay their personal contributions to the firm’s designs, and
neither has an instantly recognizable style. Dykers described Snøhetta’s approach to me as “collectivist,” and said that
“anyone can suggest anything about anything.” Thorsen called the firm’s ethos “open, direct, accessible, egalitarian—
strange value words that don’t mean anything until you see what they do.”

One manifestation of that ethos has been an eagerness to take on potentially exasperating public assignments.
Snøhetta’s first American commission was for an entrance pavilion at the National September 11 Memorial & Museum, at
the site of the World Trade Center. The pavilion isn’t large, but, because of a succession of complications involving the
entire site, the building is still unfinished, eight years after the contract was awarded. More recently, the firm was chosen
by New York City to, in effect, redesign Times Square—one of the city’s most famous landmarks and, for residents, perhaps
its most despised one. A third of a million people pass through the square daily, yet the visitors are mainly tourists and
their predators, and when the big theatres let out on summer evenings the human crush can seem cataclysmic. Among
Snøhetta’s goals, Dykers told me, is to reconfigure the space in such a way that city residents will stop walking blocks out of
their way to avoid it. Construction is expected to begin this summer.

Both the Times Square and the Oslo Opera projects are attempts to use architecture to alter a city’s relationship
to itself. Both also depend on successfully managing the complex psychology of public space—a Snøhetta specialty, and a
field in which the firm has drawn insights from an eclectic range of sources. Dykers told me that among his architectural
influences for Times Square are books and articles about livestock management by the animal scientist Temple Grandin,
whose work has been informed by her autism. “There’s so much emphasis on consciousness in philosophical discussions,”
he said. “But I think consciousness is a small part of who we are. I have a friend who had a sheepdog, and he said whenever
he had a party it would herd the guests. It would tap their ankles or their knees, until, by the end of the evening, everyone
at the party was in one corner. The dog was happy, but the important thing was that nobody noticed. As architects, I think,
we have to try to be like the sheepdog at the party.”

Snøhetta’s Oslo headquarters is a fifteen-minute walk from the Opera, near a cruise-ship terminal on the Oslo
Fjord. The building is warehouse-like, and its entrance doesn’t face the street. Its exterior is so nondescript that, after I’d
walked a hundred yards past it, a policeman I asked for directions pointed me the wrong way. The interior is mainly one
huge room loosely divided into three zones, which Thorsen, whom I met there, characterized as “the head” (desks, drawing
tables, and computers for roughly a hundred employees); “the stomach” (a commercial kitchen and two long rows of
dining tables, at which everyone eats lunch); and “the hands” (workshops in the back). The side of the building facing the
fjord contains many tall windows, and I asked Thorsen whether the water view, which is sweeping, wasn’t a distraction
from work. He said that, in fact, the view acted as an office-wide pulse lowerer and productivity enhancer. “The harbor has
a sort of slowness,” he said. “The ships start over there, and after half an hour you look up and still see them.”
Utang na Loob: The Ilonggo Perspective
Jezzebelle Baldo
 Rachel Joy Quirante
March 2011
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to investigate the construct of utang na loob from the Ilonggo perspective
and to distinguish the Filipino concept of utang na loob from Trivers’ model of reciprocal
altruism. This research is an exploratory study which made use of focus group discussion for
data collection. The data was analyzed using category pattern analysis. Based on the results,
utang na loob in the Ilonggo perspective is utang na kabalaslan. Its process is parallel but not
equivalent to utang na loob in the Kapwa perspective and partly in reciprocal altruism.
However, differences lie in the concept, construct, dimensions and repayment. Also, utang na
loob in Kapwa differs with reciprocal altruism in terms of reason for helping, repayment and
extent of the process.
Keywords: Utang na Loob, Reciprocal Altruism, Culture

INTRODUCTION
As a Filipino value that existed before the Spanish colonization in the Philippines,
utang na loob has been subject to different researches by both Western and Filipino
psychologists (Rafael, 1987). These resulted to various translations and interpretations of the
concept which were found to be quite dissimilar in some aspects. Utang na loob is
multifaceted that its limits are unknown and its uniqueness from any foreign concept is
subject to debate. Some psychologists claim that the concept is comparable to the western
concept of positive reciprocity known as reciprocal altruism. Filipino psychologists, on the
other hand, indentify it as an indigenous concept that is rooted from the inner being of an
individual called loob which defines Filipino personhood. Other researches were also done in
some regions and the concept was found to be termed differently with some variations in the
concept.
These conflicts of ideas led to the development of this research study which aims to
investigate and uncover the uniquely Filipino concept of utang na loob. This study focused on
the psycho-social understanding of utang na loob in the Ilonggo perspective. It sought to
identify and analyze the nature, phases, levels and dimensions of utang na loob and its
distinctiveness from reciprocal altruism. The dimensions were also determined in the context
of Filipino psychology which can also show the distinct characteristics of utang na loob in the
Ilonggo perspective. In this matter, the study would further substantiate to the evolving
Filipino concept of utang na loob and give further emphasis on the uniqueness of the concept
from the western model and analysis that lead to English translations and misinterpretations.
Human Behavior in Organization: Roots of the Filipino Character
CESAR D. CASTILLO
MBA
2016-62031
 Roots of the Filipino Character
Keywords: Values, Traits, Culture
There is a need to look innermost and realize some truths about us being
Filipino individuals and as a society. We need to seek an understanding of "why we
are what we are (The Ambivalence of Filipino Traits and Values, 2008). We have many
and known both favourable and unfavourable values and traits.
“Pakikisama” is a basic inclination for Filipinos, and is expressed in their private
lives, their public workplaces, and in their relationship with their neighbors. This
indicates that this is a typical Filipino trait. “Pakikisama” refers to an interpersonal
connection where people are sociable with each other. To be with someone and to get
along with each other indicates basic human friendliness and affinity (Andres T. Q.,
1994). This enhances solidarity, faith, confidence, and trustworthiness. "Pakikisama"
is apparently still being practiced in many offices and businesses today. In the
workplace, someone with good "pakikisama" attitude is the pleasant one who has
good relationship with almost everyone. “Pakikisama” in Filipino workers is seen in
practices common in offices where officemates are united in certain ways which will
fast track the tasks and responsibilities of everybody" Also, the gap between
subordinates and the superiors is lessened and this helps bridge common
understanding and harmony between each other. On the other hand, this value has
been abused. It has become the tool for anomalous transactions and irregularities in
most offices. In effect, some employees became corrupt to the extent that they use
Pakikisama or this certain network of friendship either to bribe officials and employers,
which is illegal or improper in nature (SAITO, Pakikisama: A Filipino Trait, 2010)
Filipinos have a strong tendency to procrastinate and put off doing their work
or studies. If there is something entertaining, what they will do is put aside what they
have to do, even if it is of importance, and become absorbed in the amusing event that
is in front of them. This is called the Manana habit. Nevertheless, Filipinos of today do
have procrastination habits. The tendency to enjoy pleasures or relaxation of the
moment without thinking anything about tomorrow is a typical example of this trait.
Procrastination makes the person delay responsibilities, tasks, and decisions (Dilmac,
2009). Employees with high company-based sense of worth have come to think that
they are indispensable and worthwhile within their employing association. It can be
concluded that company-based sense of worth plays a significant role in the motivation
of human behaviors. Company policies, programs, and procedures that lead to the
progress of employee sense of worth in a good way will be very useful both for the
company and the employees. Studies revealed that procrastination behavior, which is
unfavorable behavior that results to wasted time, unacceptable job performance, and
increased stress, has effect on
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PHILIPPINE RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (PRDP) Regional Project
Coordination Office No. 02 (RPCO 02) Nursery Compound, San Gabriel, Tuguegarao City

ILOCANO CONTEMPORARY FICTION: PRESENCE OF THE ABSENCE:

A Study Submitted to the National Center for Culture and the Arts

FERDINAND N. CORTEZ, PhD ,2016

Abstract

The study aims to gather examples of Ilocano contemporary fictions that are written by Ilocano authors in
Cagayan. Upon determining these Ilocano contemporary fictions, the study aims to determine the values that reflect
in these Ilocano contemporary fictions and if the Ilocano people still practice these values. The study used thematic
analysis as its method in the determining the values that are embedded in Ilocano contemporary fiction. The values
that are found in the Ilocano contemporary fiction are classified under the different dimensions of a human person
which serves as the research paradigm. The study also conducted an interview with the Ilocano authors to
investigate if the Ilocano people still practice the values reflected in their stories. The study showed that the Ilocano
people are persistent and aggressive in fostering and preserving their culture, customs and traditions through their
Literature. The Ilocano people have a rich literature as they have published many stories, songs and many other
literary pieces. There are also many evidences of online resources which tell much about the Ilocano cultures,
customs and traditions.

Keywords: Values, Literary pieces, Culture, Customs, Traditions,

Introduction

Background of the Study

Parents and teachers alike worry about the next generation developing strong morals. Increasingly, young
people live as if having morals is not a high priority. Parents are concerned because children do not seem to have
the same amount of respect and the strong work ethic that they had, and teachers are concerned because students
do not seem to have a problem with cheating and lack a sense of compassion for their classmates. Recognizing
the various factors that affect children's moral development is increasingly important.

All development emerges from action; that is to say, individuals construct and reconstruct their knowledge of the
world as a result of interactions with the environment. Based on the observations of children's application of rules
when playing, Piaget determined that morality, too, can be considered a developmental process (Piaget, 1965).

Parents have the greatest influence in a child's life as what Piaget discussed that they are the first stage where
child develop. Children learn the majority of what is right and wrong from living with their parents. Interestingly
enough, punishment for disobeying rules creates only part of moral judgments in children. Children in fact learn by
example, and whatever home they are actually living in will shape how they make moral decisions. Outside of
parents, teachers, and other role models, schools play an essential part in shaping the morals of the next
generation. They place a high value on character traits such as honesty, integrity, and compassion, and teachers
who exhibit these attributes will naturally pass them along.

Consistent with Piaget, Kohlberg proposed that children form ways of thinking through their experiences which
include understandings of moral concepts such as justice, rights, equality and human welfare. Human development
occurs over what are described as stages of physical and social growth. Developmental stages are marked by age,
and assume a cumulative progression of physical and cognitive abilities, as well as social achievements. However,
psychologists and social scientists point out that the developmental stages often do not account for the role of
culture in human growth. At each stage of human development, culture affects learning, identity, social behavior,
and standards for personal achievement (Kohlberg, 1969).

Children need various forms of social interaction to develop into well-rounded adults. These include interacting
with other adults, family members, and other children, older and younger than they. Each interaction will reinforce
or challenge a child’s preconceived ideas about what is morally acceptable. Most children want to have a feeling
of belonging and quickly learn the social conventions to that will help them fit in.

Aside from parents and teachers, culture plays a big impact of the development of values in the society. Through
folklore and literature people learn what are the values and practices of their ancestors. These values and practices
will pass through generation to generation. One of the medium in introducing is contemporary fiction.
 Behavior-aided Design: A Translational Approach to Persuasive Architecture
Richard Buday, FAIA, Archimage, Inc. Houston, Texas Tom Baranowski, PhD,
Baylor College of Medicine Houston, Texas
Introduction:
Architects strive to design functional and fashionable buildings, but they
struggle with subjects beyond their expertise—such as anticipating and influencing
how users respond to built environments. This knowledge gap is significant because
the world's most serious design problems are behavioral,[1] not architectural—from
climate change to crime to hunger to illiteracy to preventable death and disease.
Architects' unfamiliarity with behavior science limits the profession's ability to create
societally meaningful buildings. Even with the aid of psychologists and neuroscientists,
though, the influence of buildings on users and communities is difficult to predict. It is
prohibitive to construct a project, observe people's actions, conduct focus groups,
analyze results, and then renovate or rebuild if the building doesn't perform as
intended. A combination of ancient and modern place-making technologies offers a
solution. First are stories. Narratives have been shaping people's behavior since the
dawn of humankind.[2] Humans are hardwired for stories, which deliver hi-fidelity
learning experiences without the danger of trial and error (what doesn't kill you makes
you stronger, but it could kill you). So important is narrative to civilization that, up until
the Modern Movement, architecture was saturated with foundational
metanarratives,[3] i.e., stories that provide structure for a society's beliefs. Pre-modern
buildings were behavior change agents. Second, games are a time-tested means of
shaping behaviors, and particularly suited to training simulations.[4] Third, video
games have grown into a medium that combines the power of storytelling with the skill-
building experience of role-playing. Finally, architects' computer design tools are
compatible with narrative-driven video game software. Thus, computer games are
potential sandboxes to study and develop persuasive architecture—buildings
designed to improve human behavior. The investigators have undertaken substantial
qualitative and quantitative research on behavior modification using storied virtual
environments. Studies include video games and narratives that promote new
behaviors,[5,6] emotional responses to simulated worlds and background
narratives,[7] training behaviors, the use of prose fiction as narrative companions to
virtual environments,[8] and adapting behavior-inducing worlds to a target population's
needs. Based on twenty years' experience, we present opportunities to translate
persuasive video game research into persuasive architectural design theory.