ENGR. KHIM CATHLEEN M.

SADDI, ME-CE
ENGR. KEN P. COSARES, MENG CE

2019 MIDYEAR CONVENTION AND TECHNICAL CONFERENCE | JUNE 14, 2019

548 million tons C&Ds in 2015
383.6 70% is concrete
million tons US
CHINA 1.13 billion tons C&Ds in 2014
10% recycling rate
PHILIPPINES
NO C&Ds item in MSW report yet
C&Ds are disposed with minimal to ZERO
utilization
disposal of C&Ds is a PROBLEM
 PILI NUTSHELL
RICE HUSKS FLY ASH
OLD CONCRETE?
HAIR PLASTIC
ABACA FIBER
RCAC
Recycled Coarse Aggregate Concrete (RCAC) is a concrete
which generally consists of Recycled Concrete Aggregate
(RCA) in partial or full replacement with which the
remainder of the RCA percent replacement consists of new
aggregates.

USA OTHER DEVELOPED

CHINA COUNTRIES
 FACTORS INFLUENCING THE
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF RCAC
▪ Quality of the Original Concrete

▪ The mechanical behavior of RCAC in response to load

application was confirmed to be affected by RCA mass
content (PR) and relative quality (strength of primary
concrete).
▪ Recycled Aggregate Replacement Level
▪ The value of compressive strength decreases while the value
of PR increases.
 FOCUS OF THE STUDY

AGGREGATE SIZE
+
PERCENT REPLACEMENT
=
3000-PSI RCAC MODEL
RECYCLING PROCEDURE
1) Coring of the
Primary Concrete
2) Segmental Cutting
3) Two Stage Crushing
(Hammer)
4) Sieving
 EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM

1:1-1/2: 2-1/4
RCAC MIX PROP
CASTING AND CURING

9 test specimen per specimen mark

▪ 27 for NAC
▪ 81 for RCAC
108 in total in casting BATCH 1&2
(tested for 7-, 14-, 28-day compressive
strength)
RESULTS
RESULTS
RESULTS
RESULTS

AG CS
RESULTS

PR CS
 RESULTS

Both Aggregate Size and Percent Replacement did not

contribute to the multiple regression model, in terms of
increasing the value of Compressive Strength, since both yield
negative weights.
 3000-PSI RCAC MODEL

Though the model is off by 317.88 standard of error or

approximate 10% of the 3000-psi model, in reference to Table 9,
the 3000-psi model appears to be a safe estimate of the
resulting CS.
ANALYSIS OF THE MODEL
Negative standard of error or a
safe prediction value.

RCAC10 is at 70% PR while

RCAC11 is at 80% PR.

The difference in sign when both

isolated indicates a variable effect
which is not measured in this
study given that the only variance
is the 10% PR difference.
 RESULTS SUMMARY
1) RCA can be utilized as New Aggregate replacement to
as much as 80% without significant CS loss.
2) Aggregate Size and Percent Replacement both have a
weak linear relationship with Compressive Strength.
3) The Compressive Strength of the primary concrete is
not the limiting CS mark for the RCAC.
4) Though the relationship of AG and PR to CS is weak
linearly, the 3000-psi RCAC model is effective to predict
CS with -10% SE (or a 10% factor of safety).
5) With 80% replacement, 30% material cost savings can be
generated (manual-mix).
RCA utilization is a promising find to
become environmentally responsible
Civil Engineers.
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▪ http://coolwallpaperblog.blogspot.com/2011/06/burj-khalifa-wallpaper.html
▪ http://www.engineersjournal.ie/2016/11/01/threat-to-infrastructure-projects-
construction-waste/
▪ http://coolwallpaperblog.blogspot.com/2011/06/burj-khalifa-wallpaper.html
▪ Compressive behavior of Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) using a 26-year-old
concrete, K. C. Saddi, ADDU