MID PAPER GENERAL ENGLISH II

“CAUSE AND EFFECT IN SENTENCES”

This paper is intended to fulfill one of the English Practice Tasks

Lecturer :
Mr. Satria Raditiyanto,S.Hum.,M.Hum.

Compiled By:

Felicitas Sulien Erlambang

6184069

POLITEKNIK POS INDONESIA

BANDUNG
2019
PREFACE

Thank you to God the Almighty who gave His blessing to the author to complete an English
paper assignment entitled “Cause and Effect in Sentences".

The author also wishes to express his deep and sincere thanks to those who have guided
completing this paper. This English paper contains some about example and formula asking,
refusing to give permission

The letters can also be used as a guide for those who want to write business letters in a formal
manner. Hopefully this paper can help readers to broaden their knowledge of English reading.

Bandung, 10 April 2019

Felicitas Sulien

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

PREFACE.............................................................................................................................................. ii
TABLE OF CONTENT ....................................................................................................................... iii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND OF CAUSE AND EFFECT ................. 1
A. Background of paper ................................................................................................................... 1
B. Formulation of the problem ........................................................................................................ 1
C. Purpose of the paper.................................................................................................................... 1
CHAPTER II CONTENTS ................................................................................................................. 2
2.1 Definition Of Cause and Effect..................................................................................................... 2
2.2 Word and Adjectives, Adverb and Noun Clauses Cause and Effect ............................................ 2
2.3 Writing Strategy Analysis Cause and Effect in Sentences............................................................ 4
CHAPTER III CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ..................................................................... 7
Conclusion .......................................................................................................................................... 7
Suggestion ........................................................................................................................................... 7
REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................... 8

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 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND OF CAUSE AND EFFECT

A. Background of paper
Cause and effect is a relationship between events or things, where one is the
result of the other or other. This combination of action and reaction.

B. Formulation of the problem

 What is cause and effect?
 What is formula cause and effect?
 What is a examples of cause and effect?
 What is a sentence?

C. Purpose of the paper

To start a good conversation at discussions we can discuss the causes and
effects of human or social processes, natural processes, mechanical or physical
processes, historical or economic processes, meteorological or biological processes,
and on and on.

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 CHAPTER II
CONTENTS

2.1 Definition Of Cause and Effect

Cause and effect is a common way to organize information in a text. Paragraphs

structured as cause and effect explain reasons why something happened or the effects of
something. Below, you will find definitions of both types of cause and effect writings as
well as examples of each. The section regarding arguments will also include sample
topics for your cause and effect writings.

If you think about it, there's not much difference between process discussion and
causal discussion. Both occur over time; steps in a process often involve causes and
effects. The distinction depends on your purpose and emphasis: process discussions are
primarily concerned with how an event occurs; causal discussions, with why an event
occurs. Process discussion focuses on the chronology of something; causal discussion
focuses on the causes and effects. I can tell you step by step how to take a photo or what
events occur inside the camera when you take a picture-that's process. But I can also
explain to you what physical and chemical principles are at work when you take a photo,
what principles actually enable you to take a photo-that's causal discussion.

2.2 Word and Adjectives, Adverb and Noun Clauses Cause and Effect
To express cause and effect in English, we us certain words and phrases.

 due to
 because of
 owing to
 thanks to
 as a consequence of
 as a result of
 because

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  since
 as
 for

To express cause and effect, these words or phrases will either be followed by
a noun or a verb.

o Followed by a noun

These cause/effect phrases are followed by a noun or noun phrase.

 due to
 because of
 owing to
 as a consequence of
 as a result of
 thanks to

o Followed by a verb

These cause/effect signal words are followed by a subject + verb or verb phrase.

 because
 since
 as
 for
In these examples, the subject + verb or verb phrase is underlined.
The cause comes after the cause/effect signal word or phrase.

Signal word/phrase + Cause, + Effect

Effect + Signal word/phrase + Cause

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2.3 Writing Strategy Analysis Cause and Effect in Sentences

Sentences built using cause and effect usually involve an action that is making
something happen and the result of that action. You can usually find sentences built this
way by key words and phrases they use: so, since, as a result of, because, therefore. It’s
also important to note that the cause is usually written before the effect is, but there are
rare cases when the effect will be written first. You should realize, however, that no
matter what order you present cause and effect in with your sentences, you cannot have
an effect happen before a cause. When writing a cause and effect argument, you will be
writing many cause and effect sentences. To help you better understand how these
sentences are created, here are a few examples that have been dissected to show the
separate cause and effect parts.

Example 1:

It had begun to rain so Sally and Jake had to run inside.

Cause: It had begun to rain.

Effect: Sally and Jake had to run inside.

Key word: so

Example 2:

Since it was so chilly outside, Benjamin built up a big fire in his fireplace.

Cause: It was so chilly outside.

Effect: Benjamin built up a big fire in his fireplace.

Key word: Since

Example 3:

Elphaba was getting very angry and frustrated because none of her good deeds
were being recognized as good.

Cause: Elphaba was getting very angry and frustrated.

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Effect: None of her good deeds were being recognized as good.

Key word: because

Example 4:

A great twister picked up Aunty Em’s house, and as a result, Dorothy and Toto
ended up in the wonderful world of Oz.

Cause: A great twister picked up Aunty Em’s house.

Effect: Dorothy and Toto ended up in the wonderful world of Oz.

Key word: as a result

Example 5:

We went to the grocery store because we needed sour cream, eggs, and milk.

Cause: We needed sour cream, eggs, and milk.

Effect: We went to the grocery store.

Key word: because

This last example shows the effect being written before the cause. However, you
will notice that they only went to the store because they needed something. They had a
cause to go to the store. Here’s an example of a sentence written with an effect
happening before a cause. You should see why it’s important that the cause always occur
first.

Bad Example:

Jeremy was sick because Sally went to school the next day with a cold.

Cause: Sally went to school the next day with a cold.

Effect: Jeremy was sick today?

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 How can Jeremy be sick when the cause of his sickness is Sally’s cold that he
does not actually catch until the next day? Unless Jeremy is a time traveler, there is little
chance that he is sick from something that will happen to him in the future. It is in your
best interest to avoid sentences like the one above as they will make your argument
invalid.

And any example cause and effect in sentences:

• The baby was crying, so Dad picked him up.

• I learned to play the drums quickly because I took lessons from a pro.
• The batter couldn't hit the softball because he didn't keep his eyes on the ball.
• When the manuscript is edited, the company will publish it.
• Because the cat was frightened, he arched his back and fluffed his tail.
• A peacock will spread his feathers so he will attract a female.

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 CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

Conclusion
Cause and effect is a common way to organize information in a text. Paragraphs
structured as cause and effect explain reasons why something happened or the effects of
something. Below, you will find definitions of both types of cause and effect writings as
well as examples of each. The section regarding arguments will also include sample
topics for your cause and effect writings.

Suggestion
When you discuss about something that belongs to someone else you must do
your best to be polite.In this mid paper, I want readers to be more specific,and make the
readers be able to practice speaking skills to people.

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REFERENCES

Raditiyanto, S.Hum., M.Hum, Satria (2017); English Language Practice Correspondence for
department management undergraduate study programs. Bandung. Indonesian post
polytechnic.

General english I handout (general english I theories and practice). Satria raditiyanto,
S.Hum.,M.Hum

https://www.really-learn-english.com/causes-and-effects-in-english.html

https://blog.udemy.com/examples-of-cause-and-effect/

https://www.sederet.com/tutorial/penggunaan-cause-and-effect-sentences-dalam-bahasa-
inggris/