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Abstract— This research aims to: (1) determine the level of working time patterns Raskin program participant
of acceptance by farmers to Raskin Program with farmers intensive dryland agro-food system is HKO
agroforestry systems on dry land, (2) determine the level 139.92 per farmer or HKO 152.45 per hectare and (8)The
of application of technology by participating farmers in technical constraints of cultivation in the form of an
the Raskin Program with agroforestry systems on dry attack pest, not the availability of production facilities at
land, (3) determine the relationship of some social and the site, and the absence of improved seed and non -
economic aspects of farmers participating in the Raskin technical obstacles such as lack of capital, limited land,
Program with the level of technology implementation, (4) distance from markets, natural disasters / wind, low
determine the relationship of some of the social and prices and a lack of education.
economic aspects of farmers participating in the Raskin Keywords— Socio-economic, Raskin program,
Program with the success of the annual crops, (5) know Agroforestry, Dryland.
the level of economic welfare of farmers participating in
the Raskin program, and (6) understand the constraints I. INTRODUCTION
faced by farmers in the implementation of Rask in The issue of poverty is currently still a concern of
program.The method used in this research is descriptive the government. One of the poverty alleviation efforts
method with survey techniques. Primary data were carried out by the central government is by providing rice
collected by interviews based on questionnaires; assistance to the poor (raskin rice). The provision of rice
secondary data obtained from government agencies and assistance for the poor (RASKIN) aims to help the
institutions associated with the variable of interest and community, especially in order to fulfill the need for food,
research. Analysis of data usingRevenue Analysis, especially rice.
CorrelationSpearmanandDescriptive Analysis with simple According to Data Badan Pusat Statistik (2011),
tablature.The study concluded that: (1) Farmers Negara Indonesia 95% of the population consumes rice as
receiveeitherprogram, with an average score of 29 (73%), the main food, with an average rice consumption of 113.7
(2) The farmer is good enough to apply the technology kg/person/year. This consumption level is far above the
system agroforestry, with an average score of 26 (79%), world average consumption of only 60 kg/capita/year.
(3) Aspects duration of formal education, working hours Thus Indonesia is the largest rice consuming country in
and farmers' income have a relationship (significant) at the world. Rice is a very strategic national commodity.
the application level, (4) Aspects of the number of family National rice instability can cause turmoil in various
members productive, working hours and income of aspects of life, both social, political and economic
farmers have a relationship (significant) with a success (Coordinating Ministry of People's Welfare of the
rate of growing perennial crops (5) The level of economic Republic of Indonesia, 2014).
welfare of farmers belonging Almost Poor ( HM) with a According to Kementerian Koordinator Bidang
per capita income (IC) Rp. 486.059 (186 %), (6) Income Kesejahteraan Rakyat (2014), the challenges facing
poor rice farmers participating in the program on the Indonesia in combating poverty and hunger include: 1)
work of food patterns for dryland agroforestry systems in The slowing down of poverty, which is an annual average
North Central Timor district is Rp. 3,194,347 per farmer of only 0.37%; 2) Growth that has not been optimal so
or Rp. 3,719,547 per hectare and costs Rp. 1,536,019 per that it does not have a s ignificant impact on the poor; 3)
farmer or Rp. 1,788,565 per hectare, (7) The outpouring
Tuntun Village,
Miomaffo
District
Nansean
Manuari Village, Village, Insana
West Miomaffo District
District
The total number of farmer respondents was 2011 to the present, as the elected Regent Program for the
determined by Quota Sampling so that there were 150 period 2010-2015 where agricultural development is a top
farmers who were respondents, taking into account the priority known as the Five Strategic Programs. The raskin
cost and ability of the researcher. Data collection program for food-intensive food agroforestry systems is a
techniques are carried out through survey techniques, special program in North Timor Tengah Regency, East
namely collecting data by direct interviews with Nusa Tenggara Province. In the TTU District 2011-2015
respondents from a number of individuals based on a list RPJM (Bappeda TTU, 2011) the five Strategic Programs
of questions that have been prepared in advance consist of: 1) Agricultural development; 2) Educational
(Surakhmad, 1990). While analyzing the data using development; 3) Health development; 4) Empowerment
Revenue Analysis, Spearman Correlation and Descriptive of cooperatives and SMEs; 5) Optimizing the
Analysis with simple tabulations . management of natural and environmental resources .
The Raskin program of food-intensive patterns is
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION included in the Five Strategic Programs, namely the
General Description of the Implementation of the agricultural development program with the slogan "The
Raskin Program in the Solid Work Pattern for Dry Movement of Love of Farmers Towards Farmers
Land Agroforestry Systems in North Central Timor Pension" and is expected to answer the problem of
Regency poverty through the realization of food security and
The Raskin Pattern Solid Work Program Food increased cash income of farm families (Pemerintah
agroforestry systems on dry land are the mainstay Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara, 2011).
program of the elected Regent of North Central Timor The program began with the formation of a district
Regency for the period 2010-2015 in order to improve the Coordination team, sub-district coordination team,
welfare of farmers. According to the report on the Office village/kelurahan coordination team and the establis hment
of Food Crops and Plantations in North Central Timor of district technical implementers, sub-district technical
District (2014), the Raskin Program for Food-Intensive implementers, village/kelurahan technical implementers,
Work in the North Central Timor Regency was carried and the determination of facilitating partners , assisting
out in 24 Sub-Districts and 194 villages/kelurahan. The and organizing the implementation of raskin programs for
Raskin Pattern Solid Food Work Program was held from food-intensive patterns.
Table 2. The Amount of Funds for the Work -intensive Pattern of the Raskin Program in Timor Tengah Utara Regency in
2011-2014
No. Budget (Year) Amount of Fund Allocation (Rp)
1. 2011 5.621.000.000
2. 2012 9.037.336.500
3. 2013 7.500.000.000
4. 2014 7.827.512.000
Total 29.985.848.500
Sumber: Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan dan Perkebunan TTU District (2014)
From Table 2 above, it can be seen that the total which can arise in the form of thoughts, feelings, or
funds spent by the North Central Timor Regency emotions, attitudes or actions or behavior. According to
Government for four years to finance the program Saptorini (1989) perception is a complicated mental
amounted to Rp. 29,985,848,500. In addition to funds process and involves various activities to classify the
from the district government, for the operational costs of incoming stimulus to produce a response to understand
implementing sub-district and village/kelurahan program the stimulus. Perception can be formed after going
activities using the budget sourced from sub-districts, sub- through various activities, namely physical processes
districts and ADD/APBdes for villages . (sensing) and psychological (memory, attention, brain
From the funds, the use is for funds to purchase rice by information processing). Next Rahmat (1998) says that
the government, NGO assistance funds, villages / sub- perception is also determined by functional and structural
districts, sub-districts and Mantri farmers and monitoring factors. Some functional factors or factors that are
funds by the district technical team. Of all these, the personal between individual needs, experience, age,
largest portion of this fund is for the purchase of raskin problems, personality, gender and others are subjective.
rice from Bulog and NGO assistance funds. This is quite Structural factors or factors from outside the individual
good because NGOs as technical assistants in the field include the family environment, applicable laws, and
will help PPL with farmers to implement the program. values in society.
Furthermore, according to Mantra (2011), in many
Level of Farmer Acceptance of Raskin Program Food- places agroforestry can mean a relatively small change
Intensive Pattern with Agroforestry System on Dry from traditional production methods that are non-optimal
Land or non-substantial so that they can be more easily
The level of farmer acceptance is the perception of accepted by local communities than modern and intensive
farmers in this case in the form of farmers' responses to farming techniques that based on one type pattern. Thus
the Raskin program of labor-intensive food patterns, in the perception of farmers the implementation of
Table 3. Level of Acceptance of Raskin Program for Food -Intensive Patterns of Agroforestry Systems in Dry Land in North
Central Timor Regency
Level of Acceptance Score Value
Farmer 1 2 3 4 5 Score
No. (% )
Acceptance / Amount Amount Amount Amount Amount achieved
Perception (People) % (People) % (People) % (People) % (People) %
1. Benefits of - - 2 1 11 7 137 91 - - 4 80
the Food-
Intensive
Raskin
Pattern
2. Rice - - - - 18 12 131 87 1 1 4 80
distribution
process
3. Benefits of - - 2 1 109 73 39 26 - - 3 60
the
Coordination
Team and
Technical
Team
4. enefits of - - 1 1 88 59 58 39 3 2 3 60
Companion
NGOs
5. Benefits of - - 1 1 39 26 110 73 2 1 4 80
Program
Socialization
6. Benefits of - - 1 1 104 69 42 28 3 2 3 60
annual crops
7. Benefits of - - 1 1 36 24 111 74 6 4 4 80
Annual
Plants
8. Benefits of - - 2 1 32 21 115 77 1 1 4 80
Land
Conservation
Source: Primary Data processed
Based on Table 3 above the benefits aspects of the coordination team and the technical team said they were
technical team and the coordination team only 109 quite good, while the rest said good and bad. This is
respondents (73%) received benefits from the because most of the respondents' farmers were not
Table 4. Criteria for Value of Receipt of Raskin Program for Food-Intensive Patterns of Agroforestry Systems in Dry Land in
North Central Timor Regency
Criteria for Farmer Acceptance / Perception Amount
No. Qualification %
Value (People)
1. 34 – 40 Very high 1 1
2. 27 – 33 high 144 96
3. 21 – 26 Medium 5 3
4. 14 – 20 Low 0 0
5. 8 – 13 Very Low 0 0
Amount 150 100
Source: Primary Data processed
From table 4, it can be seen that most farmers or implementation of program aspects. The implementation
144 farmers (96%) are in high qualifications, while the of program aspects that are running well means that
rest are in moderate qualifications and very high farmers carry out each stage of the program at the level of
qualifications. This shows that the majority of farmers their farming, from tillage to harvest.
participating in the Raskin program of labor intensive dry
land agroforestry systems in Timor Tengah Utara District Level of Technology Implementation by Farmers
received the program, so it was hoped they would participating in the Raskin Program for Food-
implement the program. Intensive Pattern with Agrofores try System on Dry
Thus the acceptance of the raskin program for Land
labor-intensive patterns of dry land agroforestry systems After the farmer has received a program, the
by the respondents who are of high criteria will farmers will only implement the program. The application
automatically run the program, especially the of a program by farmers involves the application of
Table 5. Level of Application of Agroforestry System Technology on Dry Land by Farmers in North Central Timor District
Maximum Score
No. Components of Technology Implementation (% )
score achieved
I. Land and Land Treatment Cleaning 6 5 83
1. Land clearing for gardens 3 3 100
2. Soil Processing 3 2 67
II. Porch Making, Hole Making and Fertilization 6 6 100
1. Terrace Making 3 3 100
2. Making holes for longevity plants 3 3 100
Planting of annual crops, legume plants and longevity
III. plants 9 7 78
1. Planting of annual crops 3 2 67
2. Planting legumes 3 2 67
3. Planting longevity plants 3 3 100
IV. Planting of intercropping and weeding plants 6 4 67
1. Planting intercrops 3 2 67
2. Weeding plants 3 2 67
V. Longevity Plant Care and Terrace Repair 6 4 67
1. Care for longevity plants 3 2 67
2. Patio treatment 3 2 67
Average 33 26 79
Source: Primary Data processed
In Table 5, the component of technology on dry land in Timor Tengah Utara District has a score of
implementation of the respondents' respondents in the 26 (79%) from a maximum score of 33 with a fairly good
Raskin program for labor-intensive agroforestry systems rating category The score for the level of implementation
Table 5. Categories of Assessment of the Level of Application of Agroforestry System Technology in Dry Land by Farmers in
North Central Timor District
Amount
No. Application Level Assessment Category (%)
(People)
1. Well 74 49
2. Pretty good 76 51
3. Not good 0 0
4. Not so good 0 0
Amount 150 100
In Table 5, it can be seen that the distribution of combination of annual crops, plantation crops and forestry
respondents' farmers in the application of dryland plants. Respondent farmers said that in implementing the
agroforestry system technology was the highest, including agroforestry system they planted terrace reinforcing plants
the category of Good Enough, 76 people (51%) and the with kaliandra, gamal and lamtoro as well as livestock
least in the Good category as many as 74 people (49%). feed and living terraces. For this reason the respondent
This is because most of the respondents' farmers have not farmers said that they hoped that there would be a
implemented the technology component according to the combination with livestock in the raskin program of
recommendations, so the application score does not reach labor-intensive patterns of dry land agroforestry systems
the maximu m score. in the future. According to Berek et al (2010), a
The application of the raskin agroforestry program combination of food crops (annuals), horticultural plants
to the pattern of food works on dry land with the (plantation crops) and livestock, is an agrofilopoporal
agrisilviculture model by respondent farmers is a model of agroforestry systems .
Table 6. Relationship of Farmers' Socio-Economic Aspects with the Level of Application of Agroforestry System Technology
to Dry Land in North Central Timor Regency
No Socio-Economic Aspects Correlation (rs) p-value Decision
1 Age 0,129 0,058 Non Signifikan
2 Duration of formal education 0,187* 0,011 Signifikan
3 Number of productive family members 0,088 0,141 Non Signifikan
4 Outpouring of work time 0,178* 0,015 Signifikan
5 Income 0,217* 0,004 Signifikan
Source: Primary Data processed
Based on Table 6, it can be seen that the value of value 0.141 which is greater than α = 0.05 (t-count value
the correlation coefficient (rs) between ages with the level 1.074 smaller than t-table 1,660) then Ho is accepted.
of application is 0.129 with p-value 0.058 which is greater This means that there is an insignificant relationship
than α = 0.05 (Value t-count 1.583 is smaller than t-table between the number of family members and the level of
1,660) then Ho is accepted, so that it can be concluded application of technological innovation. This means that
that there is no significant relationship between age the large number of family members of respondents does
factors with the level of application of technology. This not necessarily influence the level of application of
means that the increasing age of a person will not affect technology.
someone in learning and implementing an innovation From Table 6 it can be seen that the value of the
technology, and vice versa, young age respondents will correlation coefficient (rs) between the outpouring of
not influence them to apply the technology. This work time and the level of application (adoption) of
insignificant relationship is caused by the age groups both technological innovation is 0.178 with p-value 0.015
young and old can apply the technology. It is evident which is smaller than α = 0.05 (t-count 2,200 is greater
from the age of respondents who varied from young to old than t -table 1,660) then H1 is accepted, so it can be
with a range of 25-69 years. The value of rs 0.102 shows concluded that there is a significant relationship between
a relatively low trend figure which means the relationship the outpouring of work time and the level of application
between the age of the respondent and the level of of technology. This shows that the higher the outflow of
application (adoption) of technological innovation is very work time of respondents, the higher the level of
weak. application of technology adoption.
While from the table above shows the relationship From Table 6 it is known that the value of the
between the length of formal education with the level of correlation coefficient (rs) between the income of farmers
application of technological innovation has a significant and the level of adoption of technological innovation is
relationship with the value of rs of 0.187 and p-value of 0.217 with p-value 0.004 which is smaller than α = 0.05
0.011 which is smaller than α = 0.05 (t-count of 2.315 is (t-count 2.690 is greater than t-table 1.660) then H1 is
greater than t- table 1,660) then H1 is accepted, so the accepted, which means that the relationship of
higher the formal education of respondents the higher the respondents' income is significant with the level of
level of application of technology. application of technology, so the higher the inco me of
Based on Table 6, it can be seen that the value of respondents the higher the level of application of
the correlation coefficient (rs) between the number of technology. This shows that income affects the high and
productive family members with the level of application low levels of application of technology. This relationship
of technological innovation amounted to 0.088 with p - shows that in cultivating a plant requires a large amount
Table 7. Relationship between Farmers' Socio-Economic Aspects and the Success of Annual Plant Growth in North Central
Timor District
No Socio-Economic Aspects Correlation (rs) p-value Decision
1 Age 0,028 0,365 Non Signifikan
2 Duration of formal education -0,108 0,094 Non Signifikan
3 Number of productive family members Signifikan
0,341*
0,306
4 Outpouring of work time 0,280* 0,166 Signifikan
5 Income 0,149* 0,035 Signifikan
Source: Primary Data processed
Based on Table 7 it can be seen that the value of smaller from t-table 1,660) then Ho is accepted, so the
the correlation coefficient (rs) between age and the higher the formal education of the respondent the higher
success rate of growing plants is 0.028 with p-value 0.365 the success rate of growing plants. Respondents can be
which is greater than α = 0.05 (t-count value 0.341 is said to have been aware of formal education. Formal
smaller than t-table 1,660) then Ho accepted, so it can be education that has been taken by respondents can
concluded that there is no significant relationship between influence thinking in responding to new things that have
age factors with the success rate of growing plants. This not been known including innovations in crop cultivation.
means that the increasing age of a person will not affect Based on Table 7 it can also be seen that the value
the person in determining the success rate of plant growth, of the correlation coefficient (rs) between the number of
and vice versa, the young age of respondents will not productive family members with the success rate of
affect them to determine the success of growing plants. growing plants is 0.341 with p-value 0.306 which is
This is because the nature of annual plant maintenance smaller than α = 0.05 (t-count value of 4.429 greater than
activities is relatively easy and simple so it does not t- table 1,660) then H1 is accepted. This means that there
require a certain age in maintaining plants. Age will affect is a significant relationship between the number of family
respondents in ways of thinking and acting, especially in members and the success rate of growing plants. This
making a decision. The insignificant relationship is means that the number of respondent family members that
caused by the age group both young and old can operate a influence the success rate of growing plants. The increase
plant independently. It is evident from the age of in the number of productive family members of the
respondents who varied from young to old with a range of respondent farmers has led to a tendency to increase the
25-69 years. number of farm workers in supervising / maintaining
Table 7 above shows the relationship between the annual crops so that the success of growing plants tends to
length of formal education with the success rate of plant increase.
growth has a relationship that is not significant but From Table 7 it can be seen that the value of the
negative with a value of rs of -0.108 and p-value of 0.094 correlation coefficient (rs) between the outpouring of
which is greater than α = 0.05 (T-count value is 1.323 work time (CWK) and the success rate of growing plants
Table 8. Economic Welfare Level of Farmers Participants in the Raskin Program Food -Intensive Pattern Agroforestry
System in Dry Land in North Timor Tengah Regency
No. Criteria for Economic Welfare Amount(People) (%)
1. Not poor 16 11
2. almost poor 98 65
3. poor 29 19
4. Poor Once 7 5
Jumlah 150 100
From table 8, it can be seen that the majority of Central Timor Regency were almost poor, which were as
respondents who participated in the Raskin program for many as 98 (65%) and 29 people (19). %). While Not
labor intensive dry land agroforestry systems in the North
Table 9. Constraints faced by Farmers in the Implementation of the Raskin Program Food -Intensive Pattern of Agroforestry
Systems in Dry Land in North Central Timor Regency
No. Constraints Amount (People) (% )
I. Cultivation Technical Constraints
1. Pest Attack Plant diseases 85 57
2. Lack of availability of production facilities 29 19
II. Non Technical Constraints
1. Lack of capital 112 75
2. Limited land 70 47
3. Long distance from the market 31 21
4. Low price 20 13
5. The occurrence of natural dis asters / winds 19 13
6.Lack of counseling 15 10
7. Animal attacks occur 12 8
Source: Primary Data processed
In Table 9, it can be seen that the obstacles are constraints in the form of distance from the market,
technical cultivation constraints and non-technical limited land, limited capital, cattle attacks, natural
constraints. The technical constraints of cultivation are disasters/wind, low prices and lack of counseling.
plant disease pests, the absence of superior seeds and the a. Cultivation Technical Constraints
availability of production facilities. While non-technical