Anamika Tyagi*

3 rd Year, BBA. LLB

United World School of Law,

Gandhinagar, Gujarat
IMPACT OF SOARING TEMPERATURES ON LIFE ON
EARTH – A STUDY IN THE CITY OF AHEMDABAD
 Abstract:
The impact of high temperatures on a) humans, plants, ecosystems, animals, b) agriculture and
plantations, c) water supplies, d) health, e) human activities and recreation, f) demand and supply of
Basic necessities and food items and price rise, g) any other harmful effect to mankind or things that he
is associated with. The rise in temperature leads to fire. It has been found that Ahmedabad is fire prone
area. On Monday, Ahmedabad Fire and Emergency Services (AFES) responded to two incidents of fire
In parked cars one in Chandkheda and another in Navrangpura. Both cars were gutted thoroughly.
Fireman attributed the incidents of fire rise in mercury. As mentioned above the cases of fire has
happened or taken place recently. Like these, there are many cases of fire due to rise in temperature.
This article talks about the causes or impacts of rise in temperature on our livelihood and life. This article
also confers about spreading awareness, creating education, taking steps towards prevention- “THE
DO’S and DONT’S”. This is the duty or obligation of the government, which is enshrined under Article 44
& Part IV of the Indian Constitution (DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY). Although there are many
conventions and agreements on rise in temperature/Global warming, but the author has focused on:
Paris Agreement and UNFCC.

Keywords:

Global Warming, Greenhouse effect, Greenhouse gas, Greenhouse gas emissions, Paris Agreement,
UNFCC

*Anamika Tyagi is the 3 rd year student of BBALLB of United World School of Law, Gandhinagar, Gujarat.
She can be reached at anamikatyagi.uwsl@gmail.com.
  TEMPERATURE OF AHMEDABAD:
DAY, DATE AND MONTH WEATHER (CELCIUS)
(RECENT FIGURES FROM HI/LO
WWW.
ACCUWEATHER.COM)

17 TH APRIL 2017 42 DEGREE

MONDAY HAZY SUNSHINE AND VERY WARM

18 TH APRIL 2017 26 DEGREE

TUESDAY MAINLY CLEAR

19TH APRIL 2017 43o / 26o

WEDNESDAY HAZY SUNSHINE AND VERY WARM

20TH APRIL 2017 43o /26o

THURSDAY HAZY SUNSHINE AND VERY WARM

WEATHER SUMMARY FOR THE PAST WEEKS:

Temperature Humidity Pressure High 44 o C (13 April, 16:00) 100% (8 April, 01:00) Low 18 o C
(8 April, 06:30) 6% (9 April,17:00) 1003 mbar (15 April, 16:30) Average 32 o C 28% 1009 mbar*
Reported 3April 20:30 – 18 April ,21:00, Ahmedabad, Weather by Customweather,2017.

DAY, DATE AND MONTH WEATHER (CELSIUS)

HI/LO

1STJANUARY, 2017 31o/12o

SUNDAY ACTUAL TEMPERATURES
 2ND JANUARY, 2017 29o/15o
MONDAY ACTUAL TEMPERATURES

3RD JANUARY,2017 28o/15o

TUESDAY ACTUAL TEMPERATURES

4TH JANUARY,2017 31o/13o

WEDNESDAY ACTUAL TEMPERATURES

5TH JANUARY,2017 30o/12o

THURSDAY ACTUAL TEMPERATURES

6TH JANUARY, 2017 29o/13o

FRIDAY ACTUAL TEMPERATURES

7TH JANUARY,2017 29o/16o

SATURDAY ACTUAL TEMPERATURES

IMPACT OF RISING TEMPERATURE ON EARTH AND LIFE

A step or initiative taken by the government and NGO’s to stop global warming. The rise in temperature
in Ahmedabad - due to effect of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil
fuels or from deforestation, which trap heat that would otherwise escape from earth.
RISING SEAS: Inundation of fresh water marshlands (the everglades), low-lying cities, and islands with
seawater.
VARIATIONS IN RAINFALL PATTERNS: drought and fires in some areas.
MELTING OF THE ICE CAPS: loss of habitat near the poles. Polar bears are now thought to be greatly
endangered by the shortening of their feeding due to dwindling ice packs
MELTING GLACIERS: a significant melting of old glaciers is already observed
WIDESPREAD VANISHING OF ANIMAL POPULATIONS: following widespread habitat loss
INCREASED LIKELIHOOD OF LIFE-THREATENING EVENTS: flooding, hurricanes
DISEASE: migration of diseases such as malaria, now warmer regions.
BLEACHING OF CORAL REEFS: this occurred or happened due to warming seas and acidification due to
carbonic acid formation
LOSS OF PLANKTON DUE TO WARMING SEAS: The enormous (900-mile-long) Aleution island ecosystems
of orcas (killer whales), sea lions, sea otters, sea urchins, kelp beds, & fish populations, appears to have
collapsed due to loss of Plankton, leading to loss of sea lions, leading orcas to eat too many sea otters,
leading urchin explosions, leading to loss of kelp beds and their associated fish populations.

 INTRODUCTION TO GLOBAL WARMING:

1. POLLUTION (all kinds)-the industrial pollution, vehicle pollution or any disposal of waste, or any
other kinds of pollutant leads to depletion of ozone layer in the atmosphere or cause of
greenhouse effects (CO2, Methane, Ozone, Nitrous oxide, Sulfur Hexafluoride,
Hydrofluorocarbons and etc.)
2. May 2016: heat action plan –Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation
According to a health officer of Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation, Bhavin Solanki, a warning
was issued as mercury levels in the city are likely to arise between 43 and 45 degrees Celsius. Peak
summer season coupled with dry upper level due to lack of humidity has led to rise in temperature.
Most parts of Northern Gujarat, Kutch, Rajkot, Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar are heat zones.
3. Climate scenarios and models – confers or, deliberates about future climate. There are basically
two kinds of models-Regional climate model (RCM), Global climate model (GCM).

Table: General Circulation Model

MODEL VINTAGE COUNTRY SPONSORS HORIZONTAL STIPULATED

RESOLUTIONS DATA USED IN
SLOPE
ANALYSIS

BCC- CM 1 2005 CHINA BEIJING 1.9 X 1.9L 16 1871-2100

CLIMATE
CENTER
 BCCR- BCM2.0 2005 NORWAY BJERKNES 1.9 X 1.9L 31 1850-2099
CENTER FOR
CLIMATE
RESEARCH

CCSM3 2005 USA NATIONAL 1.4 X 1.4L 26 1870 – 2099

CENTER FOR
ATMOSPHERIC
RESEARCH

CCSM3(.T 47) 2005 CANADA CANADIAN 2.8 X 2.8L 31 1850- 2100

CENTER FOR
CLIMATE
MODELLING
AND ANALYSIS

These are some models of the year 2005 from Australian IPPC 4th Assessment repot

4. THE HUMAN OUTLINE (DATA FROM ZALASIEWCZ, CRUITZEN & STEFFEN,2012, AFTER STEFFEN
ETAL,2004,2007.)
I. CO2 concentration: In the year 2000, it reached upto 360 (Paris per million by volume)
II. Damming of rivers: In the year 2000, it reached between 24 and 28 (thousands of dams)
III. Extinctions: In the year 2000, it reached upto 22 (thousands of species)
IV. Land use by humans: In the year2000, it reached upto 30 (% of earth’s surface).
 IMPACTS ON CROPS

-16%
-18% -17%

BLIGHT IN 1963
120% -26% WE SPRING , EARLY FROST IN 1974
DROUGHT IN 1977
-29%
DROUGHT IN 1980
DROUGHT IN 1988
FLOOD IN 1992

95% UNUSUAL CIMATE EVENTS IN 1995

110% UNUSUAL CLIMATE EVENTS IN 2000

SOURCE: USGCRP (2009) (US)

 ANNUAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS BY
SECTORS

14%
16.80%

12.50%

21.30%

11.30%

10.30%
10.00% 3.40%

INDUSTRIES
POWER STATIONS
WASTE DISPOSAL AND TREATMENT
LAND USE AND BIOMASS BURNING
RESIDENTIAL,COMMERCIAL,AND OTHER SOURCES
FOSSIL FUEL RETRIEVAL,PROCESSING,AND DISTRIBUTION
AGRICULTURAL BYPRODUCTS
TRANSPORTATION FUELS

 DO:
(As a government body AMC, State Education Department and other departments or, bodies are bound
by Article 44 which is enshrined under part IV of Indian Constitution)
1.When the temperature reaches 42.8 degree Celsius in the month of March in Ahmedabad, the civic
body of Heat Action Plan took some steps in order to prevent or, to confront heat:
I. Sent out the circulars about the heat waves
II. Keep all gardens in the city open through the day
III. Identify areas to place water pots for wayfarers
IV. Set up medical centers throughout the city
V. Distribute cool roof paints to slum houses
VI. Estate department to meet builders to ensure arrangements for laborers
VII. To collect data of deaths, that has occurred or, arisen due to heat exposure (during the current
season).
2.State education department sent the oral instructions to District education officer(DEO) across The
state is seeking change in government and grant in-the state aid schools timings keeping in mind the
extreme weather conditions. DEOs were asked to ensure permission to schools to reschedule their
timings for the benefit of students.
 DONT’S:
I. Never send the circulars about the heat waves after appropriate/reasonable time had
passed
II. Do not forget to forecast the future climate/temperature (in Celsius)
III. Do not neglect to clean the lakes – a neglect by Ahmedabad Municipal corporation
IV. Do not place water pots unclean or, with unclean water or, at an untidy place
V. Do not implement any policy or, any procedure without doing research
VI. Do not use any plastic material for the purpose of providing people with water
VII. Do not rely only on secondary data during research (Empirical Research is mandatory
for better results).

CO2 REDUCTION SHARE BY FUEL TYPE

10%
INCREASED NUCLEAR
12%
36% INCREASED RENEWABLES
POWER SECTOR EFFICIENCY
13%
ELECTRICITY END- USE EFFICIENCY
FOSSIL FUELS END- USE EFFICIENCY
29%

SOURCE: International Energy Agency (IEA)

 IMPACT OF RISE IN TEMPERATURE / GLOBAL WARMING

ON:
1. AGRICULTURE AND PLANTATION:
(uncertain rainfall)- climate variation is a factor which affects the crop production. Mr. Fujihara
et al said that, “water scarcity will not occur if water demand does not increase”. If irrigated
area has expanded under present irrigation efficiency rates, water scarcity will occur. The
pollution that causes global warming is linked to acid rain. Global warming also results into the
cause of fire in the forest. As the global warming makes the earth warm, in forest some leaves of
some trees and plants are so dry that they can easily grab fire.
2. WATER SUPPLIES: Due to heavy demand of water for various purposes during global warming
(agriculture, when forests catches fire, etc.), there are possibilities of water scarcity.
3. HEALTH:
Various health problems can arise due to heat exposure
a. Heat edema
b. Heat rashes
c. Heat cramps
d. Heat exhaustion
e. Heat syncope
f. Heat stroke
g. Heart, Kidney & Liver damage,
Etc.

4. HUMAN ACTIVITIES AND RECREATION:

EXTENT OF INTERFERENCE TOTAL NUMBER BIKERS HIKERS JOGGERS DOG WALKERS
OF VISITORS
WORKDAY, WEEKEND,
HOLIDAY HIGH HIGH HIGH SMALL MODERATE
PRECIPITATION MODERATE MODERA SMALL EXISTENT EXISTENT
TE

The Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) also has a major impact on number of visitors.

5. PLANTS, ANIMALS AND ECOSYSTEM:

Global warming makes the sea level rise, when the sea level rises the water cover many low land
islands. The water spreads around plants and leads the plants to death. After the death of
plants, it becomes impossible, especially for the herbivorous animals to get the food. The
animals also lose their habitat. After the death of both – animals and plants, it becomes difficult
for both vegetarians and non- vegetarians people to obtain or, to produce or, to consume. This
leads to break in the food chain of ecosystem (This is what we call as ecological imbalance).
Warm water of the ocean, that is, due to global warming is the sole and only reason or, cause of
death or, harm or, damage of algae in the ocean. Algae produces the food for other plants and
animals through photosynthesis

6. DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF BASIC NECESSITIES AND FOOD ITEMS AND PRICE RISE
If temperature exceeds a crop’s optimal level, if sufficient water and nutrition are not available,
there is a likelihood of yield reduction. The temperatures can prevent the growth of the crops –
scenarios like flood and droughts, can harm crops and reduce yields. Many weeds, pests, and
fungi thrive under warmer temperatures

7. ANY OTHER HARMFUL EFFECT TO MANKIND OR THINGS THAT HE IS ASSOCIATED WITH

Pesticides are used in agriculture for the purpose of assassination of pests and, to make the crop
productive. But during the research, the author found that increase in the use of pesticides for
crops are injurious to health.
 CONCLUSIONS:
Paris Agreement is an agreement which was drafted under UNFCC United Nations Framework
Convention on climate Change, deals with greenhouse gas emissions mitigation, adaptation and
finance (preliminary in the year 2020). This was drafted from 30 November to 12 December
2015. This agreement was signed on 22 April 2016, New York. There are total 195 state are
parties to this. And 143 states are signatories to this. This was sealed on 12 December 2015, & it
came into force on 4 November 2016. Secretary- General of the UN is depositary. Tongues that
has been used: Arabic, Chinese, English, Russian and Spanish. These agreements are found to be
very useful in curbing global warming. Providing cool color paints to slum areas by governmental
and non- governmental bodies has leads to fulfillment of Article 14 (Right to equality – part III of
Indian Constitution) and, Article 44 (Directive principles of state policy – part IV of Indian
Constitution). And therefore, India is also serving the purpose of this agreement/ convention.