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What are uses of Mobile satellite services?

Mobile satellite services are used for land mobile, maritime mobile, and aeronautical mobile.The L band is used for
mobile satellite services. The very high frequency(VHF)band is used forcertain mobile.
7.

What are the purposes of Navigational satellite services and meteorological services?

Navigational satellite services include global positioning systems (GPS), and satellites intended for the
meteorological services often provide a search and rescue service. The very high frequency (VHF) band and L
band’s are used navigational services and for data transfer from weather satellites.

What is passive satellite


passive satellite: In a satellite communications system, a satellite that only reflects signals from one
Earth station to another, or from several Earth stations to several others.

What is active satellite

Active Satellite

• The figure-1 depicts active satellite type.


• The active satellite has many benefits over passive satellite.

• It has its own transmitting and receiving antennas.

• It amplifies the signal received from earth station or ground station and retransmits the amplified signal back to

earth.

• In addition to amplification, it performs frequency translation of the received signal before retransmission. Active

satellite can generate power for its own operation.

• It is known as active repeater due to its functionality.


Give to

frequencyranges of VHF, UHF, L, S, C, X, Ku, K and KaBands.

Frequency range, (GHz) Band designation0.1–0.3 VHF 0.3–1.0 UHF 1.0–2.0 L 2.0–4.0 S 4.0–8.0 C 8.0–12.0 X 12.0–18.0 Ku 18.0–27.0

K 27.0–40.0 Ka

9.

What is INTELSAT?
INTELSAT stands for International Telecommunications Satellite. INTELSAT covers three mainregions—the Atlantic Ocean Region
(AOR), the Indian Ocean Region (IOR),and the Pacific OceanRegion (POR) INTELSAT satellites provide a much wider range
of services than those availablepreviously, including such services as Internet, DTH TV, telemedicine,
teleeducation, and interactivevideo and multimedia.

What is Communications satellite?

A communications satellite (sometimes abbreviated to COMSAT) is an artificial satellite stationed in space for the
purpose of telecommunications. Modern communications satellites use a variety of orbits including geostationary
orbits, Molniya orbits, other elliptical orbits and low (polar and non-polar) Earth orbits.

What are Low earth orbiting (LEO) satellites?


Polar orbiting satellites orbit to cover the north and south Polar Regions of earth. Intheory, there are an infinite
number of polar orbits, whereas there is only one geostationary orbit.Weather satellites have led to use of
relatively low orbits, ranging in altitudebetween800and900km, compared with36,000 km for the
geostationary orbit. These are called asLow earth orbiting (LEOSATS) satellites.

Define Kepler’s Second Law


Kepler’s second law states that, for equal time intervals, a satellite will sweep out equalareas in its orbital plane,
focused at the bary centre. Assuming the satellite travels distances S1andS2meters in 1 s, then the areas A1and A2will be
equal.

16.
Define Sub satellite path.
This is the path traced out on the earth’s surface directly below the satellite.

17.

Define Apogee.
The point farthest from earth. Apogee height is shown as ha
18.

Define Perigee.
The point of closest approach to earth. The perigee height is shown as hp.
19.

Define Line of asides.


The line joining the perigee and apogee through the center of the earth.
20.

Define Line of nodes.


The line joining the ascending and descending nodes through the center of the earth.

23.

Define retrograde orbit.


An orbit in which the satellite moves in a direction counter to the earth’s rotation. Theinclination of a retrograde orbit always lies
between 90
°
and 180
°.
24.

Define Argument of perigee.


The angle from ascending node to perigee, measured in the orbital plane at the earth’s center inthe direction of
satellite motion.
25.

Define Right ascension of the ascending node.


To define completely the position of the orbit in space, the position of the ascending node isspecified.However,becausetheearthspins,whiletheorbitalplane
remainsstationary,thelongitudeoftheascendingnodeisnotfixed,anditcannotbeusedasanabsolutereference.However,foranabsolutemeasurement, a fixed reference in
space is required. The reference chosen is the first point of Aries,otherwise known as the vernal, or spring, equinox. The vernal equinox occurs
when the sun crosses theequator going from south to north, and an imaginary line drawn from this equatorial crossing throughthecenterofthesun
pointstothefirstpointofAries.

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