c
 are metal plates used to reconstruct a bone that has been fractured.

In most cases,
they are used in places where a cast cannot be used, such as the jaw, nose, eye sockets, and skull. The
plates hold the broken bone in place, allowing it to heal.

c

 are specialized screws designed for use in orthopedic surgery. These screws are
made from nonreactive materials which can be safely used inside a patient's body, and they are, as the
name would imply, driven through the bone with the assistance of specialized tools.

î
 
- A screw designed for placement in cancellous bone. The pullout
strength of a screw is proportional to the amount of metal-bone contact. Because
cancellous bone is porous, threads for cancellous bone screws have to be longer than
for cortical screws to achieve the same degree of metal-bone contact and thus have
the same pullout strength as cortical screws.

î   
- A screw designed for placement in cortical bone.

 
 
A screw that cuts its own thread holes in bone as it is screwed
into place. Prior to inserting a screw in cortical bone, a guide hole is first drilled that
has the same diameter as the core diameter of the screw to be inserted. For a
nonself-tapping, a tap is then inserted which cuts the thread holes for the screw. The
screw is then inserted. A self-tapping screw has one or more cutting edges at the
screw tip that cut the threads holes in the side of the guide hole in which the screw is
inserted. Thus, a separate tapping step is eliminated shortening operative time.


 
 
A screw that requires a tapping procedure in a predrilled
guide hole before the screw can be inserted.

 
 
  or 
  or 
 are basically sterilized, sharpened, smooth stainless steel pins.
Introduced in 1909 by Martin Kirschner,

OO
  O

O
  O
 

are used to align and stabilize fractures. IM rods are inserted into the bone marrow canal in the
center of the long bones of the extremities (e.g. femur or tibia).

è 
 


 
   


 - l is the latest development for the treatment of proximal hip and diaphyseal femoral
fractures.

   O
 
 For intramedullary fixation of subtrochanteric fractures,
ipsilateral neck/shaft, pathologic, intertrochanteric and distal femoral fractures


 O 

-named after è  
 ! German surgeon who inaugurated the
intramedullary nailing of long bone fractures, A long steel nail inserted down the cavity of a long bone to
fix a fracture.


 
ʹ a four-flanged self-broaching, intramedullary nail for fracture of the femoral shaft

" #
- is a modified interlocking Kiintscher Y-nail that is indicated for a wide variety of
difficult proximal femoral fractures.