1

X
Mathematics
Chapter 8: Introduction to Trigonometry

Top Definitions

1. Trigonometry is the study of relationship between the sides and the

angles of the triangle.

2. Ratio of the sides of the right triangle with respect to the acute angles
is called trigonometric ratios of the angle.

3. Pythagoras theorem: In a right triangle, square of the hypotenuse is

equal to the sum of the square of the other two sides.

Top Concepts

1. Trigonometry is the combination of three Greek words ‘Tri (Three) +

gon (sides) + metron (measure)’.

2. When any two sides of a right triangle are given, its third side can be
obtained by using Pythagoras theorem.

3. Angle measured in anticlockwise direction is taken as positive angle.

4. Angle measured in clockwise direction is taken as negative angle.

5. The values of the trigonometric ratios of an angle do not vary with the
length of the sides of the triangle, if the angles remain the same.

6. The value of sin A or cos A never exceeds 1, whereas the value of sec
A or cosec A is always greater than 1 or equal to 1.

7. Each trigonometric ratio is a real number. It has no unit.

8. Only symbol cosine, sine, tangent, cotangent, sec and cosec has no
meaning.

sin
n
9. is generally written as sinn  , n being a positive integer.
Similarly other trigonometric ratios can also be written.

10. The value of sin  increases from 0 to 1 when  increases from 00 to

900.

11. The value of cos  decreases from 1 to 0 when  increases from 00 to

900.

Get the Power of Visual Impact on your side

Log on to www.topperlearning.com
 2

Top Formulae

sec    cos 
1
1.  cos1 

2. Trigonometric ratio’s
si dopposite to A p
(i) sin A  
hypotenuse h
side adjacent to A b
(ii) cos A  
hypotenuse h
side adjacent to A p
(iii) tan A  
side opposite to A b
hypotenuse h
(iv) cos ecA  
side opposite to A p
hypotenuse h
(v) s ecA  
side adjacent to A b
side adjacent to A b
(vi) co t A  
side opposite to A p

3. Relation between trigonometry ratios

sin 
(vii) tan  
cos 
1
(viii) cos ec  
sin 
1
(ix) s ec  
co s 
1 co s 
(x) cot   
tan  sin 

4. Trigonometric ratios of complementary angles

(i) sin (90 – A) = cos A
(ii) cos (90 – A) = sin A
(iii) tan (90 – A) = cot A
(iv) cot (90 – A) = tan A
(v) sec (90 – A) = cosec A
(vi) cosec (90 – A) = sec A

5. Trigonometric Identities
(i) sin2   co s2   1
(ii) 1  tan2   sec2 
(iii) 1  cot2   sec2 

Get the Power of Visual Impact on your side

Log on to www.topperlearning.com
 3

Top Diagrams

1. Sides of right triangle

2. Values of Trigonometric ratios:

A 0o 30o 45o 60o 90o

sin A 0 1 1 3 1
2 2 2
cos A 1 3 1 1 0
2 2 2

tan A 0 1 1 3 Not defined

3

cosec A Not defined 2 2 2 1

3

sec A 1 2 2 2 Not defined

3

cot A Not defined 3 1 1 0

3

Get the Power of Visual Impact on your side

Log on to www.topperlearning.com