FREUD AND ERICKSON -girls unconscious sexual desire for the father.
It involves
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES
A. ORAL stage – birth to 18 months
• Erogenous zone – MOUTH
• Gratifying activities – nursing-eating, as well mouth
movement like sucking
• Developmental task – self from non-self & dev of
TRUST
• Interaction with the environment – primary
socialization – breast is the source of food and drink and also
love
• Controlled by the ID therefore immediate gratification
• Insufficient or forceful feeding result in FIXATION
• Symptoms of fixation: smoking, nail biting, constant
chewing, overeating, drinking, sarcasm (“biting personality”)
and verbal hostility
• Pathology- DEPENDENT personality
B. ANAL stage - 18 months to 3 years
• Erogenous zone – ANUS
• Gratifying activities – bowel movement and the
withholding of such movement
• Developmental task – to control and postpone the
urge, to work out ambivalence attitudes
• Anlage of the superego
• Interaction with the environment – dyadic relationship.
The major event is toilet training
• Anal fixation:
ANAL – EXPULSIVE personality
ANAL – RETENTIVE personality
Pathology – OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE PERSONALITY
C. PHALLIC stage – 3 to 6 years
• Erogenous zone – GENITAL
• Gratifying activities – masturbation and genital
fondling
• Superego developing
• Developmental task – resolution of “oedipus complex”
• Interaction with the environment – triadic
relationships. The key event is the child’s attraction of the
parent of opposite sex, together with the envy and fear of the
same-sex parent
“OEDIPUS COMPLEX”
- the male child’s attachment to the mother. Child becomes
rivals with his father and sees him as competition for the
mother’s affection. Then experience intense fear of punishment
from the father for their desire for the mother “CASTRATION
ANXIETY”
“ELECTRA COMPLEX”
“penis envy” that is according to Freud, the girl believes that
she once have a penis but that it was removed.
• Phallic fixation: sexual deviances, weak or confused
sexual identity
• Pathology – GENDER issues
D. LATENT stage – 6 years to puberty
• No erogenous zone
• Quiescent stage
• Stabilization of superego – ego-ideal
• Interaction with the environment – same sex peer
relationships, sexual instinct is submerged in the unconscious
E. GENITAL stage – puberty onwards
• Erogenous zone – GENITAL
• Gratifying activities – masturbation and heterosexual
relationship
• Reshaping of the superego
• Development task – consolidation of sexual
identity,control of drives, greater independence
• Interaction with the environment – marked by
renewed sexual interest and desire and the pursuit of
relationships
EIGHT STAGES OF LIFE CYCLE- ERIC ERICKSON
• TRUST vs MISTRUST (0 to 18 months)
• AUTONOMY vs SHAME & DOUBT (18 months to 3 years)
• INITIATIVE vs GUILT (3 to 5 years)
• INDUSTRY vs INFERIORITY (5 to 13)
• IDENTITY vs ROLE CONFUSION (13 to 21)
• INTIMACY vs ISOLATION (21 to 40)
• GENERATIVITY vs STAGNATION (40 to 60)
• INTEGRITY vs DESPAIR (60 above)
TRUST VS MISTRUST
• Corresponds to the oral psychosexual stage
• TRUST shown by ease of feeding, depth of sleep,
availability of mother or caretaker
• Depends on the consistency and sameness of
experiences provided by the caretaker
• Second to 6 months: teething and biting move infant
from getting to taking
• Weaning leads to nostalgia for lost paradise
• If basic trust is strong, child maintains hopeful attitude,
develops self-confidence
• Oral zone associated with mode of being satisfied
• Virtue of HOPE
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• Psychopathology: DYSTHYMIA
DEPRESSION
SCHIZOPHRENIA
AUTONOMY VS SHAME AND DOUBT
• Corresponds to muscular-anal stage
• Biologically includes learning to walk, feed self, talk
• Need for outer control, firmness of caretaker before
development of AUTONOMY
• SHAME occurs when the child is overly self-conscious
through negative exposure and punishment
• Self-doubt can evolve if parents overly shame child,
eg, elimination
• Anal zone associated with mode of holding on and
letting go
• Virtue : WILL
• Psychopathology: OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE
personality, PARANOID personality
INITIATIVE VS GUILT
• Corresponds to phallic psychosexual stage
• INITIATIVE arises in relation to tasks for the sake of
activity, both motor and intellectual
• GUILT may arise over goals contemplated (especially
aggressive goals)
• Desire to mimic adult world; involvement of oedipal
struggle leads to resolution through social role identification
• Sibling rivalry frequent
• Phallic zone associated with mode of competition and
aggression
• Virtue : PURPOSE
• Psychopathology: ANXIETY DISORDERS
PSYCHOSOMATIC
PHOBIAS
INDUSTRY VS INFERIORITY
• Corresponds to the latency psychosexual stage
• Child is busy building, creating, accomplishing
• Receives systematic instruction of fundamentals of
technology
• Dangers of sense of inadequacy and inferiority if child
despairs of tools, skills and status among peers
• Socially decisive age
• No dominant zone or mode
• Virtue: COMPETENCE
• Psychopathology: low self-esteem, inferiority can lead
to depression or Work as main focus in life in expense of
intimacy
IDENTITY VS ROLE CONFUSION
• Struggle to develop ego identity (sense of inner
sameness and continuity)
• Preoccupation with appearance, hero worship,
ideology
• Group identity (with peers) develop
• Danger of role confusion, doubts about sexual and
vocational identity
• Psychosexual moratorium, stage between morality
learned by the child and the ethics developed by the adult
• No dominant zone or mode
• Virtue: FIDELITY
• Psychopathology: CONDUCT DISORDER,
DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR, GENDER IDENTITY DISORDER,
PSYCHOTIC DISORDER
INTIMACY VS ISOLATION
• Tasks are to LOVE and to WORK
• INTIMACY is characterized by self-abandonment,
mutuality of sexual orgasm, intense friendship, attachment that
are life-long
• ISOLATION is marked by separation from others and
view that others are dangerous
• General sense of productivity in this stage
• No dominant zone or mode
• Virtue : LOVE
• Psychopathology: SOCIAL ISOLATION
SUSPICIOUS character
DEPRESSION
GENERATIVITY VS STAGNATION
• GENERATIVITY includes raising children, guiding
new generation, creativity, altruism
• STAGNATION not prevented by having children;
parent must provide nurturance and love
• Self-concern, isolation and absence of intimacy are
characteristic of stagnation
• No dominant zone or mode
• Virtue : CARE
• Psychopathology: prone to DEPRESSION, substance
use like alcohol
INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR
• INTEGRITY is a sense of satisfaction that life has
been productive and worthwhile
• DESPAIR is a loss of hope that produces misanthropy
and disgust
• Persons in the state of despair is fearful of death
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• An acceptance of one’s place in the life cycle is
characteristic of integrity
INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR
• Virtue : WISDOM

• Psychopathology: psychosomatic, hypochondriac and

depression, increase suicide