Code 9A01304 1

II B.Tech I semester (R09) Regular Examinations, November 2010

FLUID MECHANICS
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Explain atmospheric, gauge and vacuum pressure with the help of a neat sketch.
(b) A shaft of 80 mm diameter is being pushed through a bearing sleeve of 80.20 mm in diameter and
300 mm long. The clearance is filled with oil having kinematic viscosity of 0.005 m2 /sec and specific
Gravity 0.90. If the shaft moves axially at 0.5m/see, find the resistance offered by the oil on the
shaft.
2. (a) Derive an expression for the depth of center of pressure from free surface of liquid of and inclined
plane surface submerged in the liquid.
(b) Find the horizontal and vertical components of the water pressure exerted an a Tainter gate of
radius 4 m as shown in figure. Consider width of gate as unity.

3. (a) Describe the classification flows by giving example for each case.
y2
(b) Show that the flow is Continuous if the velocity components are U=xy, v=x2 − 2

4. (a) What are the different forms of energy in a flowing fluid? Represent them schematically .
(b) What is moment of momentum equation? Where this equation is used ?
(c) A pipe line conveying water changes in area from 0.031 m2 at a section x-x to 0.124 m2 at a section
y-y which is 3 m above section x-x. If the velocity and pressure at section x-x are 5 m / sec and
98.1 kpa, find the velocity and pressure at section y-y. Ignore losses.
5. (a) Explain the concept of boundary layer. What are the various laws assumed for velocity distribution
in laminar boundary layer?
(b) How are drag and lift forces caused on a body immersed in a moving fluid?
6. (a) Write a detailed note on
i. Momentum Correction factor and
ii. Energy Correction factor
(b) How would you distinguish between hydrodynamically smooth and rough boundaries?
7. (a) Obtain expression for head loss in a sudden expansion in the pipe. List all the assumptions made
in the derivation.
(b) A pipe of diameter 25 cm and length 200 m connects two reservoirs having difference of water level
25m. Determine the discharge through the Pipe if an additional pipe of diameter 25 cm and length
1000 m is attached to the last 1000 m length of the existing pipe, find the increase in discharge.
Take f= 0.015. Neglect minor losses.
8. (a) What is the principle on which orifice meter works? Derive the equation for discharge through an
orifice meter.
(b) What is broad crested weir? Find the condition for maximum discharge over a broad crested weir.

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Code 9A01304 2
II B.Tech I semester (R09) Regular Examinations, November 2010
FLUID MECHANICS
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) Differentiate between

i. Absolute and gauge Pressure
ii. Simple Manometer and Differential manometer
iii. Piezometer and pressure gauge.
(b) Two large plane surfaces are 25 mm apart. This space is filled with glycerin of dynamic viscosity
0.804 Ns/m2 . Find what force is required to drag a very them plate of area 0.5 m2 between the two
surfaces at a speed of 0.60 m/sec.
i. If the plate is equidistant from the two surfaces.
ii. If the plate is 10 mm from one of the surface.
2. (a) Prove that the center of Pressure of a completely submerged plane surface is always below the center
of gravity of the submerged surface or utmost coincide with the center of gravity when the plane
surface is horizontal.
(b) A hollow circular plate of 2 m external diameter and 1 m internal diameter is immersed vertically
in water such that the centre of plate is 4 m deep form water surface. Find the total Pressure and
depth of centre of pressure.
3. (a) State and Explain continuity equation. Obtain an expression for continuity equation for a three
dimensional flow.
(b) It the velocity Potential function is given by ψ =3x - 4y, find the magnitude and direction of the
velocity at any point
4. (a) State the momentum equation. How will you apply this equation for determining force exerted by
a flowing liquid on a pipe bend?
(b) A pipe line carrying oil of specific gravity 0.8 changes in diameter form 300 mm at a point A to 500
mm diameter to a position B which is 5 m at a higher level. If the pressures at A and B are 19.62
N/cm2 and 14.91 N/cm2 respectively, and the discharge is 150 lit/sec, determine the loss of head
and direction of flow.
5. (a) How will you determine whether a boundary layer flow is attached flow, detached flow or on the
verge of separation?
(b) What are the stagnation points? Where can they occur? What is the condition for single stagnation
point?
6. (a) Differentiate between Laminar and turbulent flow. Describe Reynolds experiment to demonstrate
the two types of flow.
(b) Prove that for viscous flow though circular pipe, the Kinetic energy correction factor is equal to 2
while the momentum correction factor is 4/3.
7. (a) Explain what do you mean by
i. Pipes in series and
ii. Pipes in parallel with the help of neat sketches.
(b) A pipe of diameter 500 mm and 5000 m connects two reservoirs A and B. The difference of the
water levels of these reservoirs is 20m. Half way along the pipe there is a branch through which
water can be discharged to a third reservoir C. Find the rate of flow to the reservoir B when
i. No water is discharged to the reservoir C and
ii. The discharge to the reservoir c is 0.05 m3 /sec . Take f= 0.0006,
8. (a) Describe the principle of venturimeter with a neat sketch. Derive the expression for rate of flow of
fluid through it.
(b) Derive an expression for the error in discharge due to the error in the measurement of head over a
rectangular notch.

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Code 9A01304 3
II B.Tech I semester (R09) Regular Examinations, November 2010
FLUID MECHANICS
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) Explain the Phenomenon of Capillarity. Obtain an expression for Capillary rise of a liquid.
(b) An open tank contains water for a depth of 2m and above it oil for a depth of 1m. If oil has a
specific gravity of 0.8 find the pressure intensity
i. At the interface of the two liquids and
ii. at the bottom of the tank.
2. (a) Prove that the vertical component of the resultant tank pressure on a submerged curved surface is
equal to the weight of the liquid supported by the curved surface.
(b) A Circular plate of diameter 3 m is immersed in water in such a way that its least and greatest
depth from the free surface of water are 1 m and 3 m respectively. For the front side of the plate
find
i. total force exerted by water and
ii. the position of center of pressure.
3. (a) What is meant by Stream lines and Equipotential lines? Show that these two lines intersect orthog-
onally.
(b) The velocity components of a two dimensional flow are u = 8x2 y − 38 y 3 and v = −8xy 3 + 38 x3 .
Show that these velocity components represent a Possible case of an irrotational flow.
4. (a) State and explain Bernoulli’s Theorem . Derive Bernoulli s equation from first principle and state
the assumptions made.
(b) A 30 cm diameter Pipe carries water under a head of 15 m with a velocity of 4m/sec. If the axis of
the pipe turns through 450 , find the magnitude and direction of the resultant force at the bend.
5. (a) Define
i. Laminar boundary layer
ii. Turbulent boundary layer
iii. Laminar sub layer and
iv. Boundary layer thickness.
(b) Write short notes on Karman effect, Magnus effect and aerofoil.
6. (a) Show for viscous flow through a circular pipe the velocity distribution across the section is parabolic.
Show that the mean velocity is equal to one half the maximum velocity.
(b) Analyze the flow between parallel plates and flow through long pipes.
7. (a) For the two case of flow in a sudden contraction in a pipeline and flow in a sudden expansion in a
pipe line, draw and explain the flow pattern, Piezometric grade line and total energy line.
(b) Two reservoirs are connected by three pipes laid in parallel, their respective diameters being d, 2d
and 3d. They are all of same length l. IF f is same for all the pipes, find the discharge through the
larger pipes if the discharge through the smallest is 0.05 m3 /sec.
8. (a) What is Pitot tube? How will you determine the velocity at any point with the help of a pitot tube?
(b) A broad crested weir of length 40 m has 40mm height of water above its crest
i. Find the maximum discharge. Take Cd = 0.6 Neglect velocity of approach. And
ii. If the velocity of approach is to be taken into account, find the maximum discharge when the
channel has a cross sectional area of 40 m2 on the upstream side.

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Code 9A01304 4
II B.Tech I semester (R09) Regular Examinations, November 2010
FLUID MECHANICS
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) What is Surface Tension? Derive the relation between surface tension and pressure inside a droplet
in excess of outside pressure.
(b) A single column vertical manometer is connected to a pipe containing oil of specific gravity 0.9. The
area of the reservoir is 80 times the area of the manometer tube .The reservoir contains mercury of
specific gravity 13.6 The level of mercury in the reservoir is at a height of 30 cm below the center
of the pipe and difference of mercury in the centre of the pipe and right limb is 50 cm. Find the
pressure in the pipe.
2. (a) Explain how you would find the resultant pressure on a curved surface immersed in a liquid .
(b) A vertical semi circular area of radius r is submerged in a liquid such that its diameter is at the
liquid surface. Find the depth of center of pressure.
3. (a) Explain velocity potential function and stream function. What is the significance of them?
(b) The velocity components in a two dimensional in compressible flow are u = y 3 + 6x − 3x2 y ; v=
3yx2 − 6y − x3
i. Is the flow continuous?
ii. Is the flow irrotational ? and
iii. In case the flow is irrotational ,find the potential function and the stream function.
4. (a) What is Euler’s equation of motion, Derive the equation starting from fundamentals.
(b) A pipe of 200 mm diameter conveying 0.18 m3 /sec of water has a 900 bend in a horizontal plane.
The pressure intensities at inlet ant outlet of the bend are 290 KPa and 280 Kpa. Find the resultant
force exerted by water an the bend.
5. (a) Write short notes on displacement thickness.
(b) Write a detailed note on Prandtl Theory and Vonkarman Integral Equation.
6. (a) What is Hagen Poiseuille Equation? Derive the equation.
(b) For the laminar flow through circular pipes prove that
i. the shear stress variation across the section of the pipe is linear and
ii. the velocity variation is parabolic.
7. (a) Show that for maximum power transmission, the head lost due to friction is equal to one third the
head at inlet.
(b) Two reservoirs have a difference of level of 12 m and are connected by a pipe line 600 mm diameter
2500 m long feeding a junction from which two pipes of 300 mm diameter and 2500 m long lead
in parallel to the lower reservoirs. Taking f=0.01, Calculate the total discharge Neglect secondary
losses.
8. (a) Discuss the classification of orifices and mouth pieces in detail.
(b) Write a detailed note on velocity of approach and end contraction.

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