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CHAPTER 1 - CLASS VIII

 CROP PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
1. What is a crop? Give examples.
Ans. Large scale cultivation of plants of same kind at one place is called a crop. e.g. rice, wheat,
maize etc.
2. Differentiate between Rabi and kharif crop.
Ans. Rabi Crop Kharif Crop
1. Grown in winter season. 1. Grown in rainy season
2. Seeds are sown in October and harvested 2. Seeds are sown in June and harvested in
in march. September.
3. e.g. pea, mustard, wheat, gram etc. 3. e.g. paddy, maize, groundnut etc.
3. Write the factors due to which crop types varies from place to place.
Ans. Temperature, rainfall, humidity , soil types.
4. What do you meant by agricultural practices?
Ans. The basic activities done by farmers in the crop field to raise a particular crop is called
agricultural practices.
5. Write seven agricultural practices done by the farmer to raise a particular crop.
Ans.  Preparation of soil
 Sowing
 Adding manure and fertiliser
 Irrigation
 Protection from weeds and pests
 Harvesting
 Storage

6. Give importance of loosening the soil.

Ans.  Roots penetrate deep into the soil and breathe easily
 Water holding capacity of soil increases
 Helps in the growth of microbes and earthworm which help in turning the soil and add

humus in soil
 The nutrient rich soil comes up and nutrients absorbed by plants
 Proper mixing of manure in the soil

7. Why does loosened soil allow the roots to breathe easily?

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Ans. Loosened soil has enough air pores in which air is trapped. That is why roots breathe easily.
8. Draw neat and labelled diagram of plough and hoe.
Ans. See the diagram of 1.1a and 1.1b of text book.
9. Give uses of hoe, plough and cultivator.
Ans.  Uses of Hoe- (i) to remove weeds (ii) loosening soil
 Uses of Plough- (i) tilling the soil (ii) adding fertilisers to crop (iii) removing weeds

(iv) scrapping of soil

 Uses of Cultivator- for ploughing

10. What are the qualities of good seeds?

Ans.  should be healthy and clean
 free from diseases
 greater germinability

11. Write one method to separate healthy seeds from damaged one.
Ans.   A beaker is taken filled half of it with water.
 A handful of seeds put in it and stirred well.
 The seeds which float on water are damaged one. They are hollow and are thus lighter.
 The healthier being heavier sink and are separated.

12. What are the advantages of using (i) cultivator (ii) seed drill?
Ans.   Cultivator- saves time and labour.
 Seed drill- (i) Sows seeds uniformly at proper distances and depths. (ii) Seeds get

covered by soil after sowing and are not wasted. (iii) Saves time and labour.
13. Why should appropriate distance between seeds to be maintained while sowing?
Ans.   Avoid overcrowding of plants.
 Plants get sufficient sunlight, nutrients and water.

14. Define manuring, what for is it done?

Ans.   The process of adding manure and fertiliser to the soil is called manuring.
 It replenishes the soil with nutrients.

15. Give the adverse effect of growing crops after crops in the same field.
Ans.   Loss of nutrients from the crop field.
 Poor plants growth.
 Less yield.

16. How is manure prepared?

Ans.   Manure is obtained from the decomposition of plant or animal wastes.
 Plant and animal wastes are dumped in pits at open places and allow it to decompose

by microbes.
 The decomposition product is manure.

17. Distinguish between fertiliser and manure.

Ans.  Manure Fertilizer
1.Obtained by the decomposition of plant and 1.Obtained from inorganic salt.

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animal waste
2.Prepared in fields 2.Prepared in factories
3.Provides humus to soil 3.Does not provide humus
4.Rich in plant nutrient 4.Less rich in plant nutrient
18. What are the adverse effects of excessive use of fertilisers?
Ans.   soil becomes less fertile
 pollute water

19. Explain crop rotation, what for this method is followed by farmers?
Ans.  Growing various types of crops one after another in a field is called crop rotation,. The
selection of crops mainly a leguminous crop alternates with a nonleguminous one. It helps
replenishment of the soil with nitrogen.
20. Why organic manure is considered better than fertiliser?
Ans.   Enhances water holding capacity of soil.
 Makes soil porous due to which exchange of gases become easy.
 Increases number of friendly microbes.
 Improves texture of soil.

21. Name the bacteria that fix nitrogen in soil.

Ans. Rhizobium bacteria
22. Why should crop fields watered regularly?
Ans.   Water is absorbed by the plant roots
 Minerals and fertilisers are also absorbed
 For seed germination
 Nutrients are dissolved in water and get transported to various plant parts.

23. Define irrigation.

Ans.  The supply of water to crops at different intervals is called irrigation. The time and
frequency of irrigation varies from crop to crop.
24. Why does time and frequency of irrigation vary from crop to crop?
Ans.   Water requirement varies from crop to crop.
 Varies from soil to soil.
 Varies from season to season.

25. What for frequency of irrigation is higher in summer?

Ans. It is due to increased rate of water loss from soil and plants.
26. Name some sources of irrigation.
Ans. wells, rivers, dams, canals etc.
27. Give example of two traditional method of irrigation and advantages of this method.
Ans. Moat, chain pump, dhekli,and rahat. These methods are cheaper.
28. Give example two modern methods of irrigation.
Ans. Sprinkler and drip system.

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29. What for sprinkler system of irrigation is done?

Ans.   Used for uneven land where there is water scarcity.
 Loss of water is minimum.
 Useful for sandy soil.

30. What for drip system of irrigation is done?

Ans. Used in water scarcity areas , every drop of water to be used by plants without loss.
31. What are weeds?
Ans. They are the unwanted plants grown in crop fields.
32. Defining weeding.
Ans. The process of removal of weeds.
33. What for weeding should be done?
Ans.   The weeds compete with crop plants for nutrients, water, sunlight and space.
 Hamper growth of crop plants.
 Less production.
 The weed seeds mix with grains.
 Sometimes the weeds are harmful and poisonous.

34. What are the various ways of weeding?

Ans.   Manually- using khurpi or sickle etc.
 By spraying weedicide such as 2,4-D.

35. Give example of one weedicide.

Ans. 2,4-D
36. Why should weeding be done before flowering?
Ans.   The weeds cannot produce seeds to multiply their number.
 The seeds cannot mix with grains.

37. Name two implements used for weeding.

Ans. Khurpi, sickle, plough etc.
38. What precautions the farmers should follow while using weedicide or pesticides?
Ans.   Body should be covered properly specially eyes, mouth and nose.
 After spraying the body should be cleaned properly.

39. Define harvesting, threshing and winnowing.

Ans.   Harvesting-cutting of crop plans after maturation is called harvesting. It is done by

cutting the crop plants close to the ground or pulling the crop plants.
 Threshing- separation of grains from chaff is called threshing.
 winnowing- separation of grains from chaff by the help of wind is called winnowing.

40. Name the devices used for harvesting and threshing.

Ans.   Harvesting- sickle, harvester, combine.
 Threshing- combine.

41. Seeds or grains should be dried properly before storing, why?

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Ans. Grains are dried properly to reduce the moisture content, so that insects and microbes cannot
infect easily.
42. Name some storage devices.
Ans.   Small scale- jute bags, metallic cans.
 Large scale- silos, granaries.

43. Define animal husbandry.

Ans. Large scale rearing of domestic animals providing proper food, shelter and care is called
animal husbandry.
44. Name some harvest festivals.
Ans. Baisakhi, Bihu, Nabanna, Holi, Diwali
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