SUMMARIZING, PARAPHRASING,

PARAPHRASING: QUOTING, IN-TEXT PARENTHETICAL

Restating the idea of a short CITATIONS—APA STYLE
passage in your own words.
Summarizing: Restating the essential message of
The following text appears in Stephen R. Covey’s, The 7 Habits of Highly- a longer passage in your own
Effective People, Copyright 1989, pp. 210-211. words.
Another common alternative is simply to think Win. People with the * Does not require quotation marks.
Win mentality don’t necessarily want someone else to lose. That’s irrelevant. * Requires in-text parenthetical citation.
What matters is that they get what they want.
When there is no sense of contest or competition, Win is probably the
most common approach in everyday negotiation. A person with the Win
Quoting: Restating an author’s exact wording.
mentality thinks in terms of securing his own ends—and leaving it to others to * Requires quotation marks.
secure theirs.
* Requires in-text parenthetical citation.
Paraphrase with Author Mentioned in the Citation:
Paraphrasing: Restating the idea of a short passage
Author, Year of Publication, Page Number in your own words.
* Does not require quotation marks.
People operating in the “Win” paradigm are not concerned about others
achieving their goals, needs or desires. They do not mind if others * Requires in-text parenthetical citation.
reach their own goals, but their primary goal is to achieve their own
goals for themselves (Covey, 1989, pp. 210-211). Citations: Providing readers with details about
your source of information.
Paraphrase with Author Cited in the Text:
* Author and date always required.
Author, Year of Publication, Page Number * Page number (for quotes/paraphrases)
Covey (1989) believes that people operating in the “Win” paradigm are
not concerned about others achieving their goals, needs or desires.
They do not mind if others reach their own goals, but their primary goal
is to achieve their own goals for themselves (pp. 210-211).
SUMMARIZING:
Restating the essential message of a
Paraphrase that Plagiarizes:
longer passage in your own words.
Covey believes that people with the Win mentality are not concerned
about others achieving their goals, needs or desires. That’s irrelevant. APA Format: Author, Year of Publication
Their primary goal is to achieve for themselves.

Paraphrase that Alters the Meaning of the Original Passage:
Covey believes that people operating in the “Win” paradigm have the
strong desire to win at any cost. They consider it okay for other people
to achieve their own goals, needs or desires, but their primary goal is to
achieve their own goals, needs, and desires—so others had better stay
Stephen R. Covey (1989) discusses seven life-
changing principles to help people understand their
interactions with others and with themselves.
Note: Author and Year of Publication are never separated.

QUOTING:
Restating an author’s
exact wording.
The following text appears in Stephen R. Covey’s, The 7 Habits of Highly-
Effective People, Copyright 1989, pp. 210-211.
Another common alternative is simply to think Win.
People with the Win mentality don’t necessarily want
someone else to lose. That’s irrelevant. What matters is that
they get what they want.
When there is no sense of contest or competition, Win is
probably the most common approach in everyday negotiation. A
person with the Win mentality thinks in terms of securing his own
ends—and leaving it to others to secure theirs.
Direct Quote—1 Author:
Author, Year of Publication, Page Number
“People with the Win mentality don’t necessarily want
someone else to lose” (Covey, 1989, p. 210).
Combining Your Writing with a Direct Quote—Author in
Citation:
Author, Year of Publication, Page Number
As one prominent author explains, “People with the Win
mentality don’t necessarily want someone else to
lose” (Covey, 1989, p. 210).
Combining Your Writing with a Direct Quote—Author
Cited in Text:
Author, Year of Publication, Page Number
As Covey (1989) explains, “People with the Win mentality
don’t necessarily want someone else to lose” (p. 210).
The following text appears in First Things First by Stephen R. Covey, A. Roger
Merrill, and Rebecca R. Merrill, Copyright 1994, p. 58.
We often go for the illusion of “cramming” instead of
the reality of long-term development and growth. We’re into
“get the degree . . . so you can get the job . . . so you can get the
money
. . . so you can buy the things . . . so you’ll be successful.” But
what does that kind of “success” bring? The same character and
competence that come from deep, continuous investment in
learning and growth?
Direct Quote—2 or More Authors:
Authors, Year of Publication, Page Number
“We often go for the illusion of ‘cramming’ instead of the
reality of long-term development and growth” (Covey,
Merrill & Merrill, 1994, p. 58).
Combining Your Writing with a Direct Quote—2 or More
Authors:
Authors, Year of Publication, Page Number
According to some experts, “We often go for the illusion of
‘cramming’ instead of the reality of long-term development
and growth” (Covey, Merrill & Merrill, 1994, p. 58).
Combining Your Writing with a Direct Quote—2 or More
Authors Cited In Text:
Authors, Year of Publication, Page Number
According to Covey, Merrill and Merrill (1994), “We often go
for the illusion of ‘cramming’ instead of the reality of long-
term development and growth” (p. 58).
Remember: Author(s) and Year of Publication
Always Go Together in APA Formats.