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51LA
Winter
‘11
Lecture
1:
Mel5ng
Point
Organic
Chemistry
Techniques
• In
Chem
51LA
we
will
build
a
toolbox
of
techniques
in
two
main
categories:
– Purifica5on:
separa5ng
mixtures
of
compounds
based
on
their
chemical
or
physical
proper5es
– Iden5fica5on:
determining
the
iden5ty
of
a
compound
through
physical
proper5es
or
structure
elucida5on
Experiment
1:
Mel5ng
Point
Mel5ng
Point
(Iden5fica5on)
• The
mel5ng
point
of
a
compound
is
a
physical
property
– Can
be
used
to
determine
iden5ty
and
purity.
• For
mel5ng
to
occur,
the
vapor
pressure
of
the
solid
must
equal
the
vapor
pressure
of
the
liquid.
Solid B
Liquid A + Dissolved B
• Remember,
solid
only
needs
to
be
heated
enough
to
reach
vapor
pressure
equal
to
liquid’s
vapor
pressure.
h[p://www.chem.arizona.edu/~salzmanr/480a/480ants/2comppd/2comppd.html
How
Can
We
Use
Mel5ng
Point?
• Iden5fica5on:
Mel5ng
point
can
help
us
to
iden5fy
a
compound
– Do
ALL
compounds
have
completely
different
mel5ng
points?
• Ex:
o-‐anisic
acid
(98
-‐
100
ºC)
vs
4-‐tert-‐butylphenol
(98
-‐
101
ºC)
• How
can
we
tell
them
apart
(using
only
mel5ng
point)?
Mixed
Mel5ng
Point
and
Iden5fica5on
• Scenario:
Your
unknown
compound
melts
at
97-‐100
°C.
– Could
be
o-‐anisic
acid
(98
-‐
100
ºC)
(A)
– Or
could
be
4-‐tert-‐butylphenol
(98
-‐
101
ºC)
(B)
• Try
a
mixed
mel5ng
point
experiment!
– Mix
unknown
+
o-‐anisic
acid:
mel5ng
point
is
lowered
– Mix
unknown
+
4-‐tert-‐butylphenol:
no
change