APWH Midterm Review

______ 1. Which of the following could NOT be a feature of polytheistic worship?

a. a willingness to blend practices and rituals from more than one religion
b. a belief that all living beings are animated by divine energy
c. a rigid insistence on the worship of one deity
d. the worship of a wide variety of nature spirits
e. the identification of each member of a clan with a different animal symbol

______2. Why is the name “Stone Age” misleading?

a. It implies that people lived in stone dwelling. b. People used tools made of many things, not just stone.
c. People used tools made only of bone. d. Stone tools have been used throughout all of human history.
e. People did not use stone tools during this time.

______ 3. Most early human activity centered on

a. entertainment. b. gathering food.
c. acquisition of wealth. d. warfare with encroaching clans.
e. construction projects.

______ 4. Agriculturalists produced more specialized material goods and art than hunter-gatherers because
a. Hunter-gatherers didn’t trade, and so had no market for which to produce a surplus of material goods.
b. Farmers had more free time than hunters and gatherers
c. Agricultural societies had more sophisticated tastes.
d. They were able to record how to make such things as pottery, jewelry, and metal goods using newly invented writing
systems.
e. Larger communities of people could spare some members from food production for more specialized activities.

______5. The most efficient method of clearing land for agriculture was by using
a. stone scapers. b. bronze tools.
c. stone axes. d. draft animals.
e. fire

*______ 6. When the first shoguns ruled Japan,

a. real power rested with the emperor. b. political authority was in the hands of Buddhist monks.
c. the emperor’s power was symbolic. d. the shoguns served as Shinto priests
e. none of the above.

______7. The earliest historically documented people of Mesopotamia were the

a. Sumerians. b. Hyksos.
c. Medes. d. Hittites.
e. Timpanos.

______8. The term city-state refers to

a. an urban center and the agricultural hinterlands it controlled. b. an association of mutually dependent cities.
c. the political institution that ruled over ancient kingdoms. d. a large city surrounded by a protective wall.
e. any number of small states which engaged in long-distance trade.

______9. The Babylonian leader Hammurabi is best known for his

a. expansion of the Mesopotamian economy. b. religious reforms.
c. physical strength. d. law code.
e. modern political organization.

______ 10. All of the following scenarios are accurate judgments from the Code of Hammurabi EXCEPT:
a. If a house collapses and kills a slave, then the builder is put to death.
b. If a house collapses and kills the owner’s son, then the son of the builder will be put to death.
c. If a house collapses and damages goods of the owner, then goods of equal value belonging to the builder will be forfeited.
d. If a surgeon operated on a patient and that patient died, then the surgeon’s hands were cut off.
e. A man who wished to remarry because his wife was ill might take another wife, so long as he continued to provide for his
first wife until she died

______11. Surprisingly, merchant activity in Mesopotamia took place without

a. government regulation. b. barter.
c. coins. d. food commodities.
e. luxury goods.

______12. The gradual adoption of agriculture transformed the world most by causing
a. global population increase. b. global population decrease.
c. major migrations to the temperate zones. d. major die off of wild species.
 e. an increase in insect infestation due to mono-cropping.

______13. The Mesopotamian writing system is called

a. Linear A. b. cuneiform.
c. hieroglyphics. d. Linear B.
e. Persian.

______14. Although Mesopotamia was “resource poor” it did have abundant

a. water. b. grain.
c. fish. d. salt.
e. clay.

______15. The biggest environmental problem for ancient Mesopotamia was

a. Rising sea levels b. Deforestation
c. Polluted drinking water d. Volcanic eruption
e. Loss of soil fertility

______16. The annual flood of the Nile can best be characterized as

a. fairly regular. b. like Mesopotamia’s flood, disadvantageous.
c. often erratic. d. like Mesopotamia’s annual flood, advantageous.
e. always predictable.

______17. A pivotal event in early Egyptian history was

a. the freeing of the slaves under King Gilgamesh. b. the assassination of Ramesses.
c. the rejection of divine birth by Queen Hapshepsut. d. the creation of popular democracy by King Menes.
e. the unification of all Egypt under King Menes.

______18. Which of the following aspects did the Harrapan, Shang, and Sumarian civilizations have in common?
a. Horse-drawn plows b. River-based settlements
c. Urban centers of over 100,000 people d. Pastorial-based economy
e. Pyramid-shaped ceremonial centers

______19. The Mesopotamian law code is famous. What might account for the fact that Egypt did not create a similar code of law?
a. As a god on earth, the king was the source of all law. b. A common law system based on precedent was used.
c. It was left to the people to determine the code of morality. d. The wealthy merchant class controlled the legal system.
e. Egypt adopted Mesopotamian law codes, rather than creating their own.

______20. Compared with Mesopotamia, the Egyptian population

a. lived more often in large towns and cities. b. was more engaged in long-distance trade.
c. worked in craft and artisan trades. d. was more rural and agricultural.
e. was warlike and uneducated.

______21. Slavery in ancient Egypt was

a. important in all aspects of the economy. b. used primarily for large projects like the pyramids.
c. a primary aim of foreign policy. d. limited, and of little economic significance.
e. the basis for developing government administrators.

______22. Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley civilizations were all
a. wiped out by a huge drought. b. derived from an earlier, as yet undiscovered, “watershed” civilization.
c. based on beer brewing and female labor. d. made possible by large agricultural surpluses.
e. based upon fertile floodplains and river valleys.

______23. The Indus Valley system of writing

a. is called cuneiform. b. is called Linear A.
c. is called hieroglyphics. d. is called Sanskrit.
e. has not been deciphered.

______24. Indus society can best be described as

a. mostly urban. b. rural.
c. imperial. d. nomadic.
e. despotic.

______25. During the Shang period, ancestor worship became important because
a. it determined the social structure. b. it allowed people to claim specific inheritance of property.
c. matrilineal descent was important for fertility. d. ancestors had special influence with the gods.
e. ancestors were necessary to ensure the birth of male children.

______26. The Mandate of Heaven meant that the ruler retained the right to rule as long as
a. he produced a male heir. b. he remained the strongest in the kingdom.
c. he performed the correct ritual sacrifices. d. he kept the loyalty of the military.
 e. he remained a wise and principled guardian of his people.

______27. According to the text, what is the legacy of the Chinese writing system developed during the Shang dynasty?
a. It caused a rise in technological development, resulting in a “Chinese Industrial Revolution.”
b. Writing developed discipline, and universal literacy.
c. Since many could write, power was shared with the majority, resulting in the early development of democracy.
d. It allowed the Chinese to record their own history.
e. It endured to unify people of essentially different spoken languages (dialects).

______28. Which of the following is not one of the ways that Confucian philosophy attempts to create societal harmony?
a. by emphasizing individual freedoms
b. by emphasizing the idea that the country is parallel to the family
c. by expanding the traditional feelings of benevolence toward family so that it applied to all of humanity
d. by the avoidance of violence, and the promotion of justice, loyalty, and dignity
e. by emphasizing the goodness of human nature, and seeking to promote it through education, particularly of public officials

______29. The Egyptians were to the Nile as the Chinese were to the
a. Tigris b. Euphrates
c. Yellow d. Indus
e. Ganges

______30. Why was the Zhou dynasty in China so long-lived?

a. It innovated technology and increased China’s political sophistication by obligating the leader to rule fairly.
b. Its leaders were ruthless.
c. It did not have to contend with the conflicting dictates of Confucianism.
d. It prevented average people from acquiring weapons.
e. It actually was very short-lived.

______31. Two indigenous Chinese philosophies that emerged from the Warring States Period are
a. Confucianism and Jainism. b. Confucianism and Judaism.
c. Confucianism and Daoism. d. Confucianism and Hinduism.
e. Confucianism and Buddhism.

______32. The fundamental social unit during the later Zhou period was the
a. extended clan-based kinship network. b. village-based or tribal system.
c. three-generational family. d. territorial or regional alliances.
e. individual.

______33. Which of the following animals does not generally appear in Olmec religious symbolism?
a. the jaguar b. the bald eagle
c. the crocodile d. the shark
e. the snake

______33. The first major civilization of the Americas was the

a. Aztec. b. Olmec.
c. Teotihuacan. d. Mayan.
e. Chavin.

______34. Which of the following is not one of the advantages of iron over bronze?
a. Iron is easier to obtain. b. There are many potential sources of iron ore.
c. Iron is more decorative. d. Iron is a single metal.
e. Iron has a harder edge.

______35. The Late Bronze Age in the Middle East was a “cosmopolitan era” because
a. it was primarily an urban-based society. b. different groups of people remained isolated.
c. people traveled so often, getting to know each other. d. the lifestyles were very different from all that had gone before.
e. elements of the culture were widely shared.

______36. After the Middle Kingdom, Egypt came under foreign domination for the first time under the
a. Hittites. b. Hebrews.
c. Hyksos. d. Hansa.
e. Huns.

______37. How did the Egyptians respond to Hatshepsut’s rule?

a. They were opposed to the concept of having a woman as a ruler.
b. They welcomed such an able ruler.
c. They never knew she was the actual ruler because she always claimed to rule through her son as his regent.
d. They never knew she was a woman because her portraits always showed her wearing a beard.
 e. They feared her because they thought she was a sorceress.

______38. What was the source of rivalry between Egypt and the Hittite Kingdom?
a. The question of who would rule the world. b. Control of the trade routes in Syria-Palestine, the region between them
c. Defining their mutual border. d. The rich agricultural lands of Mesopotamia
e. Control of Nubian gold

______39. Which of the following is not true about the relationship between Egypt and Nubia?
a. Nubia served as a buffer zone against invasion. b. The Egyptians placed forts and garrisons of Egyptian soldiers in Nubia.
c. The Egyptians deported the Nubians to Assyria. d. The Egyptians extracted tribute from the Nubians.
e. The Egyptians pressed the Nubian population to adopt Egyptian language and culture.

______40. The pharaoh Tutankhamun is most famous

a. for making Egypt into an aggressive world power. b. because he ended the Akhenaten reforms.
c. being the pharaoh who freed the Hebrews from slavery. d. as being the only ruler defeated by a foreign army.
e. for the discovery by archaeologists of his wealthy tomb.

______41. The rise of Mycenaean civilization can be explained primarily through cultural influence from
a. Egypt. b. Anatolia.
c. Crete. d. Syria.
e. Macedonia.

______42. The myths and literary practices of the Mycenaeans may be traced in
a. The Epic of Gilgamesh. b. Homer’s Iliad.
c. Virgil’s Aeneid. d. The Secret History of Mycenae.
e. Hesiod’s Works and Days.

______43. Archaeologists found over 4,000 baked clay tablets in what Mycenaean script?
a. Linear A. b. Linear B.
c. Linear C. d. Hieroglyphic.
e. Doric.

______44. The homeland of the Assyrian Empire was in

a. northern Mesopotamia. b. western India.
c. Syria-Palestine. d. western Anatolia.
e. northern Arabia.

______45. The Assyrian empire was primarily characterized by

a. Humane treatment of its subjects b. An intense interest in religion
c. Cruel and ruthless conquest d. An intense interest in the afterlife
e. Technological advancements

______46. Achieve permanence, an empire had to

a. Establish a strong economy and political system b. Ignore outside invaders by building stoned walls
b. Establish a strong military, be dominant by brutal force d. Have many natural resources to benefit the economy
e. Establish a strong military, show wealth, culture, and good communication

______47. The three classes of Assyrian society were

a. knights, serfs, and semi-serfs. b. merchants, warriors, and peasants.
c. nobility, philosophers/bureaucrats, and slaves. d. scholars, merchants, and slaves.
e. landowners, dependent farmers, and slaves.

______48. The Judeo-Christian story begins with the

a. Ten Commandments. b. Crucifixion of Jesus.
c. Passover. d. Exodus from Egypt.
e. recollections of the journey of Abraham.

______49. Because of its lack of land, the Phoenician civilization concentrated on

a. waging wars to acquire more land. b. religious pursuits.
c. trade and manufacturing. d. hiring themselves out as mercenaries.
e. academic pursuits.

______50. Phoenician trade and colonization in the western Mediterranean often brought the Phoenicians into conflict with the
a. North Africans. b. Assyrians.
c. Greeks. d. Egyptians.
e. Romans.

______51. Carthage was founded by peoples migrating from

 a. Arabia b. Greece
c. Egypt d. Phoenicia
b. Rome

______52. Cyrus and his father ruled their empire by following a practical approach of
a. outlawing local traditions and strictly enforcing Persian laws. b. respecting local priests and native traditions.
c. first marrying into the local nobility. d. murdering local priests and nobles.
e. threatening the people with gross injustices.

______53. King Darius, the lawgiver, created a central body of law. Under this system subject peoples in Persian territories were
a. disenfranchised legally but had the power to elect officials. b. given even harsher laws than the Persians.
c. brought under a unified legal system. d. still allowed to live under their own laws.
e. punished for disobeying the imperial laws.

______54. For the Greeks and other peoples living around it, the Mediterranean was
a. a barrier to trade b. a barrier to invasion
c. somewhat of a barrier to trade and invasion d. a highway to the lands surrounding it
e. irrelevant to their affairs

______55. The Archaic Greek development of humanism, a lasting feature of Western Civilization, was
a. a political concept that the king was chosen by God b. the subjugation of individuals’ rights & will for the good of the state
c. the idea that humans descended from primate ancestors. d. a short-lived attempt to treat humans as God.
e. a valuing of the uniqueness, rights, and talents of individuals.

______56. Pre-Socratic philosophers were primarily concerned with

a. creating theoretical models to explain the natural world. b. formulating new religious explanations for nature.
c. reforming corrupt society. d. using experimental evidence to explain the world.
e. challenging the power of the priests.

______57. One irony of Athenian democracy was

a. the discontent of the people. b. numerous restrictions on artists and poets. c. a high degree of treason.
d. an abundance of slaves e. widespread poverty.

______58. How did the Peloponnesian War affect Greece?

a. Persia was able to get their revenge on Greece b. Athens emerged as the dominant Greek force
c. It opened the door for invasion from the Macedonians d. The Romans were able to take over most of Europe
e. Greece declined economically, leading to their downfall

*______59. Which of the following groups was groups was most instrumental in the spread of Islam?
a. Soldiers b. monarchs
c. merchants d. peasants e. monks

______60. The greatest of the cities of the Hellenistic Age is

a. Rome. b. Athens.
c. Delhi. d. Susa.
e. Alexandria.

______ 61. Which of the following were NOT “cosmopolitan” features of the Hellenistic societies?
a. Homogeneous societies b. The cultivation of new scholarship
c. The cultivation of art and literature d. Libraries and universities
e. Including scientific discoveries

______62. One key to the Romans’ success in winning the loyalty of all Italy was
a. making allies instead of war. b. that there were no strong opponents to overcome.
c. that their consuls were lifetime leaders. d. the practice of enslaving their fiercest opponents.
e. granting Roman citizenship to conquered peoples.

______63. During the Roman Republic, all adult male citizens had the right to vote,
a. and so Rome was a democracy. b. and so there was equal representation.
c. and so everyone was equally powerless. d. but the votes of poor men were not counted.
e. but the votes were weighted so that the votes of the wealthy counted for more.

______64. The emperor responsible for the reorganization of the Roman government after 31 B.C.E. was
a. Claudius. b. Julius Caesar.
c. Nero. d. Octavian.
e. Caligula.

______65. The circumstance surrounding Jesus’ ministry and acclimation by his followers as the messiah was
 a. the Roman war with the Celts. b. widespread unrest caused by slave rebellions.
c. the barbarian invasion of Rome. d. the Roman occupation of Judaea.
e. the collapse of the Roman Empire.

______66. Who reformed Rome in the 3rd century C.E. and saved it from decline?
a. Claudius b. Constantine
c. Tiberius d. Brucellosis
e. Diocletian

______67. Constantine change the course of Roman history by

a. adopting Christianity and moving the imperial capital back to Rome.
b. outlawing Christianity and moving the imperial capital to Constantinople.
c. reuniting the divided empire and defeating the Huns.
d. adopting Christianity and moving the imperial capital to Constantinople.
e. conquering the Assyrian Empire.

______68. After the fall of Rome in the 5th century, the western Roman Empire
a. became known as the Byzantine Empire. b. fell under the control of Constantine.
c. fragmented into a handful of Germanic kingdoms. d. had no powerful rulers or authority.
e. reasserted Roman rules and laws.

______69. The Chinese family was considered to include

a. the immediate family, servants, and slaves. b. every person of Chinese descent.
c. all generations, living and dead. d. only those living within the father’s household.
e. local government officials.

______70. The Confucian view of proper female behavior was exemplified by the
a. three virtues. b. three wise gods.
c. three submissions. d. three trials.
e. three flowers.

______71. When the Qin government abolished primogeniture, this meant that
a. the wealthy would control most of the land. b. wealth and power would be tied to land values.
c. conditions for agricultural women would worsen. d. all land would revert to the state.
e. the number of small landholders would grow.

______72. The important Han innovations include the development of

a. the saddle, penicillin, and bronze. b. the wheel, the stirrup, and the pulley.
c. alcohol, the wheel, and glass. d. the horse collar, watermill, and crossbow.
e. the canal, the three field system, and concrete.

______73. Which statement most accurately compares the fall of the Han and Roman empires?
a. Both empires were severely hurt by the decrease in trade.
b. Nomadic invasions were more of a problem in Han than in Rome
c. Imperial authorities held more political power than regional authorities.
d. Leaders were assassinated in both empires.
e. Neither the Han nor the Roman empire was able to collect sufficient tax funds

______74. The Vedic Age was a new historical period in India marked by
a. the migration of merchant traders into India. b. a new weather pattern, the Vedic Storms.
c. the dominance of Indo-Europeans over India. d. the emergence of the Vedic Empire.
d. a switch to the Vedic alphabet.

______75. What is the underlying message of the cycle of reincarnation?

a. Strive for economic success. b. You are where you deserve to be.
c. Always work to change your life and the world around you. d. Be the best and strongest human being you can be.
e. Enlightenment is the right of all of humanity.

______76. To be released from the cycle of reincarnation is the concept of

a. yoga. b. jati.
c. moksha. d. atman.
e. samsara.

______77. Jainism emphasizes the principles of

a. years of religious study to prepare the mind for salvation. b. getting back to nature and agriculture.
c. nonviolence, nudity, and asceticism. d. the holy trinity, anointing with oils, and crucifixion.
e. aggressive conversions of nonbelievers and fasting.
______78. Although Hindus worship different deities such as Vishnu and Shiva, they are really
a. only decorative items found in homes. b. representations of natural forces.
c. a metaphor for people in every day life. d. the spirits of ancestors.
e. incarnations of a single divine force in the universe.

______79. What is the major similarity between Hinduism and Buddhism?

a. Both religions support a caste system.
b. Both religions accept that souls reach spiritual perfection through a cycle of life, death, and reincarnation.
c. Both embrace the Four Noble Truths.
d. Both religions gave the Indian emperor ultimate power.
e. These two religions are drastically opposed.

______80. The Mauryan leader Ashoka converted to Buddhism and became a unique leader because of
a. his abdication in favor of Siddhartha Gautama. b. the visions and revelations that he had.
c. his lifetime dedication to nonviolence, morality, and moderation. d. Buddhist support for his government policies.
e. he was overwhelmed by the brutality of his early conquests.

______81. The Gupta Empire maintained tight control in the core of the empire through
a. a network of spies. b. a powerful national army.
c. the organization of regional governors. d. high taxes on the merchant class.
e. a network of Buddhist monks and priests.

______82. The Mauryan and Gupta Empires demonstrated

a. centralized governments amidst the typical regional kingdoms.
b. India’s long and consistent history of imperial rule.
c. the large influence of Confucian rule and culture.
d. India’s history of rule by nomadic invaders.
e. consistent imperial reinforcement of Hindu values.

______83. The initial key to opening the Silk Road was the
a. availability of new medicines to combat foreign diseases. b. absence of any organized state along the route.
c. enormous European demand for silk. d. presence of a large and stable military force.
e. Chinese eagerness for Western horses.

______84. What military technologies did the Silk Road spread?

a. chariot warfare, mounted bowman, stirrup b. chariots, Greek fire, gunpowder
c. the field hospital, the broadsword, and poison arrow d. the war elephant, hardtack, and Arabian horses
e. the lance, chain mail, and gunpowder

______85. Indian Ocean society could be described as bicultural because

a. the trade routes attracted Mediterranean peoples. b. sailors often married women in port cities.
c. people usually retained very strong ties with their homeland. d. sailors were hired from many regional cultures.
e. Greek citizenship was granted to anyone trading in the Indian Ocean.

______86. Which of the following was NOT a factor in the decline of the Delhi Sultanate?
a. rivalries within the Muslim elite b. the rulers depended more on terror than toleration
c. the discontent of the Hindus d. a tendency pillage and levy high taxes to support the elite
e. intermarriage between Hindus and Muslims

______87. Why are the Bantu important to African culture?

a. They ruled Egypt for thousands of years.
b. They built the major cities of Tunisia.
c. They come the closest to resembling a common cultural source in sub-Saharan Africa.
d. They were the first civilization to use numerals.
e. They brought camels into Africa from Arabia.

______88. The Silk Road and Indian Ocean trade fostered the spread of which religion?
a. Buddhism b. Shinto
c. Judaism d. Jainism
e. Sikhism

______89. The Sasanid Empire was centered in the area that is present-day
a. Lebanon. b. Iran.
c. India d. Egypt.
e. Afghanistan.

______90. Mecca is an important city because it

 a. is abundantly watered and needs no irrigation for crops. b. is a caravan city and pilgrimage site of the Hajj.
c. is the rival city to Jerusalem. d. has an unusually cold climate in the Arabian peninsula.
e. is the birthplace of Abraham.

______91. Muslim means

a. first followers. b. chosen for purity.
c. the one true religion. d. holy people.
e. one who makes submission.

______92. The unified community accepting Islam and believing that Muhammad was the “Messenger of God” was called the
a. umma. b. hijra.
c. shaitan. d. jihad.
e. ka’ba.

______93. Muslims who believe that the first three caliphs were properly selected are called
a. Sunnis. b. Muslims.
c. Muhammadists. d. Shi’ites.
e. Shaitan.

______94. Why is the Abbasid rule considered a “golden age?”

a. It used the golden cow as the focus of religious worship. b. It created a refined and cosmopolitan culture in Baghdad.
c. It is marked by the rule of the “golden” monarch, Abu Bakr. d. It used gold as the standard coinage throughout the empire.
e. The Spanish region was considered the golden frontier.

______95. The Muslim leader who successfully fought the European Crusades was
a. Saladin. b. Tamerlane.
c. Omar. d. Ibn Rushd.
e. Temujin.

______96. Conversion to Islam was primarily a result of

a. a desire to escape taxes on non-Muslims. b. gradually learning about Islam.
c. a way to escape certain death. d. the lack of a pre-existing religious system.
e. dissatisfaction with Christianity.

______97. Schisms, the foremost threat to the Christian church in the Middle Ages, were
a. formal divisions over differences in doctrine. b. disagreements between kings and church leaders.
c. arguments between local priests and the pope. d. disputes between bishops concerning church lands.
e. disagreements between priests and lay followers.

______98. Which of the following is not one of the reasons usually offered by historians for the Crusades?

a. The Church wanted to cut down on warfare between Christian lords and redirect it toward enemies of the church.

b. Ambitious lords were looking for lands to conquer.

c. Italian merchants wanted to increase trade.

d. The pope wanted to recapture the Holy land.

e. Younger sons of the nobility wanted land and titles that would not be available to them at home.

______99. After the seventh century, Byzantine women

a. were only permitted to be seen in public with male chaperones. b. were increasingly confined to home life.
c. were no longer allowed to serve as religious leaders. d. won increased rights to property and inheritance.
e. began to officially rule the empire.

______100. The decline of the Roman Empire resulted in the development of linguistic zones of
a. Indo-European, Latin, and Asian languages. b. Romance, Germanic, and Slavic languages.
c. Latin, Greek, and English languages. d. Germanic, Semitic, and Celtic dialects.
e. Latin, Germanic, and Afro-Asian languages.

______101. What Scandinavian raiders built kingdoms in Iceland, Greenland, and Vinland?
a. Muslims b. Franks
c. Visigoths d. Vikings
e. Ostrogoths

______102. As time went on, armored knighthood

a. required permission of the king and the church. b. was limited to those with revenue from land.
 c. continued only in areas with a free peasantry. d. was taught to all citizens.
e. was restricted to those with hereditary titles.

______103. The total political effect of European feudalism was to

a. centralize and strengthen the power of kings and to waken that of the nobles.
b. revive a rich, powerful Roman Empire in the West.
c. create powerful, unified nation-states along modern lines.
d. decentralize and weaken the power of kings and strengthen that of nobles.
e. grant civil rights to all citizens.

______104. Why is the period in Europe between 500 C.E. and 1300 C.E. called the “Middle ages?”

a. It came between the Greco-Roman civilization and the renaissance.

b. Europe at this time was controlled by peoples in its central area rather than by the people of the Mediterranean as it had
been in the past.

c. It was the beginning of the rise of the middle class

d. Europe was invaded by Muslim nomads from the Middle East.

e. It comes from the Buddhist term “The Middle Days of the Law.”

______105. Which of the following factors did not prompt the growth of the great fortified manors?

a. Religious wars b. Isolation due to poor communications networks

c. Political insecurity d. Warfare and instability between different powerful local families

e. Vulnerability to attack by the Vikings

______106. What was the investiture controversy?

a. a disagreement about the standards for choosing the pope

b. a conflict between popes and kings regarding control of ecclesiastical offices

c. a disagreement about how knight should be chosen

d. a conflict between the various kings regarding the legality of parliaments

e. a debate regarding how to invest papal income

______107. Which of the following were not generally among the responsibilities of monasteries and convents?
a. providing refuge for widows, abandoned women & children b. providing a place for contemplation & the religious life.
c. planting Christianity in new lands d. scientific experimentation and inquiry
e. servicing the needs of travelers

______108. One early Russian chronicle reports that Vladimir I chose Orthodox Christianity over Islam because
a. he got special dispensation from the Pope to marry two wives. b. he knew that Islam forbade alcohol consumption.
c. he felt that Islam was more appropriate to nomadic peoples. d. he felt a relationship with Islam wouldn’t promote trade.
e. he was a great art lover, and in his view Islam had no beautiful religious buildings.

______109. Which empire reunited China in the sixth century?

a. Mongol b. Sui
c. Ming d. Tang
e. Qin

______110. Chang’an was important because it

a. was the name of the Buddhist temple in Tibet. b. was the name of the last Tang emperor.
c. was the source of smallpox. d. was the hub of Tang communications.
e. was the Japanese capital.
______111. The tributary system was a practice in which
a. the emperor traveled to foreign countries to pledge his allegiance to them.
b. the emperor made an annual trip down the Grand Canal.
c. the emperor made a pilgrimage to please the gods and the ancient ancestors.
d. countries acknowledged the supremacy of the Chinese emperor.
e. China built new canals for transportation and irrigation.

______112. The Tang dominated world trade markets. They were the sole suppliers of which product?
a. wine b. tea
c. opium d. cotton
e. porcelain

______113. Who did the Tang blame most for growing instability in the Empire?
a. Confucians b. Muslims
c. Christians d. Buddhists
e. Daoists

______114. After the decline of the Tang Empire, the states that emerged were
a. Qin, Han, and Yuan. b. Liao, Song, and Tanggut.
c. Mongolia, Manchuri,a and Koryo. d. Turkmenistan, Guanjo, and Siam.
e. Jurchen, Manchuria, and Siberia.

______115. During the Song period, women experienced subordination and social restriction epitomized by
a. loss of custody of their children after divorce. b. a decrease in voting rights.
c. veiling. d. widow-burning.
e. footbinding.

______116. Japanese emperors

a. came from constantly changing lineages. b. required the Mandate of Heaven to maintain power.
c. maintained tight political control. d. were never female.
e. seldom wielded any real political power.

______117. The trade on the Indian Ocean was

a. competitive and divisive. b. run by imperial decree.
c. decentralized and cooperative. d. never very important to the economy of the area.
e. plagued by warfare.

______118. The rising prosperity of the elites in the Indian Ocean Trade system was accompanied by
a. peace b. an increase in slavery.
c. a decrease in religious fervor. d. inflation. e. the poor getting poorer.

______119. The Mongol conquest had what effect on China?

a. The Mongols eradicated most traces of traditional Chinese culture.
b. The Mongols carried out numerous atrocities against the Chinese population.
c. The Mongols shut down foreign trade along the Silk Road.
d. The Mongols reunited and revitalized the Chinese state.
e. The Mongols outlawed Buddhism in favor of Islam.

______120. Indian Ocean trade tied together all of the following areas directly EXCEPT
a. East Africa b. the Arabian Peninsula.
c. the Persian Gulf d. Russia e. India

______121. Which of the following is true about Islam in India?

a. The Delhi Sultanate introduced Islam to India peacefully.
b. Islam’s influence over India faded away after the collapse of the Islam Sultanate.
c. Islam displaced Hinduism and Buddhism almost completely after the 1200s.
d. Muslim women were just as restricted in their behavior as Hindu women.
e. After being harshly imposed by the Delhi Sultanate, Islam came to coexist with Hinduism as a major faith.

______122. This philosophy developed in response to the growing popularity of Buddhism in the Song Dynasty China.
a. Neo-Confucianism b. Hinduism
c. Zoroastrianism d. Islam e. Judaism

______123. In Japanese feudalism, the daimyo is the equivalent to the European

a. Serfs b. Knights
c. Nobles d. King e. Merchants

______124. He made a pilgrimage to Mecca with a huge caravan, built mosques, and affect the price of gold in Africa.
 a. Ibn Battuta b. Mansa Musa
c. Marco Polo d. Mansa Suleiman
e. Sultan Mohammad

______125. All of the following were important cities for trade on East Africa EXCEPT
a. Kilwa b. Mozambique
c. Timbuktu d. Malindi
e. Mombasa

______126. Technological advances such as the compass, the lateen sail, and the astrolabe led to increasing travel in (or on) the
a. Sub-Saharan Trade route b. Indian Ocean
c. Silk Road d. Mediterranean Sea
e. Atlantic Ocean

______127. All of the following were technological advancements made during the Tang and Song dynasties EXCEPT
a. High-quality porcelain b. Stronger iron and steel
c. Invention of gunpowder d. Movable type printing technology
e. Invention of crossbow

______128. The Mongols failed to conquer all of the following regions EXCEPT
a. Korea b. Japan
c. Vietnam d. Cambodia
e. Burma

______129. The Mongol leader, the khan,

a. had his decisions ratified by a council. b. was a figurehead only.
c. had absolute power in decision making. d. had no power to make decisions but retained a veto.
e. deferred to the Mongol Parliament.

______130. The religion of the Central Asian nomads was

a. atheistic. b. a diverse mixture of various religions.
c. strict monotheism. d. limited to shamanism.
e. worship of the divine khan.

______131. Why did the Mongols refrain from attacking central Europe in 1241?
a. the conversion of the Great Khan to Buddhism b. the death of the Great Khan
c. the conversion of the Great Khan to Christianity d. the alliance with Pope Urban VII
e. the conversion of the Great Khan to Islam

______132. Narratives such as Marco Polo’s created a European

a. isolationist mentality. b. ambition to find easier routes to Asia.
c. image of Mongol poverty. d. fear of Mongol poverty.
e. aversion to all things from Asia.

______133. In 1453, the Ottomans conquered which important Christian city?

a. Budapest b. Kiev
c. Paris d. Constantinople
e. Vienna

______134. What prevented the Mongols from invading Japan?

a. The Mongols feared the samurai military prowess. b. Mongol tactics were no match for the Japanese military technology.
c. A storm prevented them from establishing a base. d. The jungle heat prevented their horses from continuing.
e. The Japanese launched a surprise attack on the Mongol naval base.

______135. Kamikaze means

a. honorable death. b. wisdom of the gods.
c. suicide. d. wind of the gods.
e. triumphant death.

______136. The three-field system was

a. the traditional three-part contest performed by knights. b. an agricultural method.
c. the technology used in Medieval optics. d. the legal system.
e. the political relationship between king, lord, and serf.

______137. Windmills and watermills

a. were invented in later Medieval Europe. b. were banned by the Pope as the “devil’s wheel.”
c. were unknown in China. d. had little impact in Europe.
e. had long been common in the Islamic world.

______138. What official role did the Catholic Church play in the persecution of Jews in Medieval Europe?
 a. They assisted the authorities in helping to find out which Jews were responsible for any social disturbances.
b. They advocated a separate Jewish state in Europe.
c. It played no official role in the persecution, as the Church was officially the protector of Jews.
d. They did not often participate, but usually looked the other way when it took place..
e. They usually organized the persecution..

______139. A guild was

a. an association of craft specialists from the same trade. b. an order of monks.
c. a measurement of distance. d. a band of knights without ties to a lord.
e. a unit of currency in use throughout the Latin West.

______140. Which of the following is not a distinctive feature of the Gothic cathedral?
a. giant stained glass windows b. domes
c. their great height d. the Gothic arch
e. the flying buttress

______141. The Renaissance began in

a. Austria. b. eastern France.
c. southern Russia. d. southern England.
e. northern Italy.

______142. Some of the “lost knowledge” of the Greek and Arab world came into the Latin West through
a. the recapture of southern Italy from the Byzantines, and Sicily and Toledo from the Muslims.
b. the lively trade in classical antiquities. c. the recapture of northern Germany from the Huns.
d. contact with the court of Khubilai Khan. e. the discovery of the remains of the library of Alexandria.

______143. Which of the following does not describe the Divine Comedy?
a. It features the Roman poet Virgil as the author’s guide through hell. b. It was written by Dante Alighieri.
c. It made use of Greco-Roman classical themes. d. It was written in Latin like most literature of the
time.
e. It used the vernacular, foreshadowing the literary fashions of the later Italian Renaissance.

______144. Which of the following statements about the Magna Carta is not true?
a. It guaranteed the nobles’ hereditary rights. b. It gave new rights to the peasants.
c. It affirmed that monarchs are subject to established law. d. It confirmed the independence of the church and the city of
London.
e. It means “Great Charter.”

______145. Which of the following statements is not a correct description of Humanism?

a. Pivotal works such as Dante’s Comedia might reflect a very medieval foundation and perspective.
b. The humanists, such as Petrarch, saw themselves as very distinct from their medieval counterparts.
c. Humanism was a total break from the medieval past.
d. Many humanists incorporated elements of pagan and Christian thought in their works.
e. Humanist wrote in vernacular, allowing their ideas to reach a greater population.

______146. What most eased population pressure in Europe in the fourteenth century?
a. improved agricultural techniques b. deaths caused by Mongol invasions
c. migration to the Holy Land d. the Black Death
e. birth control

______147. Most urban growth in the Latin West after 1200 stemmed from
a. influx of gold from Africa b. the continuing growth of trade and manufacturing
c. the clearing of new farmland d. improvements in breeding techniques of farm animals
e. improvements in medicine

______148. Latin European cities were able to adapt more quickly to changing market conditions than cities in China and the Islamic world
because they were
a. autonomous. b. under direct imperial control.
c. controlled by the nobles. d. more numerous.
e. lacking in leadership.

______149. The Great Western Schism was finally resolved

a. by the Protestant Reformation. b. by the Fourth Crusade against Constantinople.
c. when the pope in Avignon died. d. by the Council of Trent.
e. by returning the pope to Rome, but Catholicism’s political power was broken.

______150. Which of the following statements about Ms. Repass is true?

a. Her shoes are fabulous. b. She is always dressed so well.
c. She is awesome because she says ya’ll d. Her jokes are really funny.
e. All of the above.