Data Communication|Samiullah|6241|Sememster 4th

Difference between OSI model and TCP/IP model

The Internet Protocol Suite also known as TCP/IP is the set of communications
protocols used for the Internet and other similar networks. It is named from two of
the most important protocols in it: the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and
the Internet Protocol (IP), which were the first two networking protocols defined
in this standard. IP networking represents a synthesis of several developments that
began to evolve in the 1960s and 1970s, namely the Internet and LANs (Local
Area Networks), which emerged in the mid- to late-1980s, together with the
advent of the World Wide Web in early 1990s.

The Internet Protocol Suite, like many protocol suites, may be viewed as a set of
layers. Each layer solves a set of problems involving the transmission of data, and
provides a well-defined service to the upper layer protocols based on using
services from some lower layers. Upper layers are logically closer to the user and
deal with more abstract data, relying on lower layer protocols to translate data into
forms that can eventually be physically transmitted.

The main differences between the two models are as follows:

1. OSI is a reference model and TCP/IP is an implementation of OSI model.

2. TCP/IP Protocols are considered to be standards around which the internet
has developed. The OSI model however is a "generic, protocol-
independent standard."
3. TCP/IP combines the presentation and session layer issues into its
application layer.
4. TCP/IP combines the OSI data link and physical layers into the network
access layer.
5. TCP/IP appears to be a simpler model and this is mainly due to the fact that
it has fewer layers.
6. TCP/IP is considered to be a more credible model- This is mainly due to the
fact because TCP/IP protocols are the standards around which the internet
was developed therefore it mainly gains creditability due to this
reason. Where as in contrast networks are not usually built around the OSI
model as it is merely used as a guidance tool.
7. The OSI model consists of 7 architectural layers whereas the TCP/IP only
has 4 layers.
8. In the TCP/IP model of the Internet, protocols are deliberately not as rigidly
designed into strict layers as the OSI model.[6] RFC 3439 contains a
section entitled "Layering considered harmful." However, TCP/IP does
recognize four broad layers of functionality which are derived from the
operating scope of their contained protocols, namely the scope of the
software application, the end-to-end transport connection, the
internetworking range, and lastly the scope of the direct links to other nodes
on the local network.
9. The presumably strict consumer/producer layering of OSI as it is usually
described does not present contradictions in TCP/IP, as it is permissible that
protocol usage does not follow the hierarchy implied in a layered model.
Such examples exist in some routing protocols (e.g., OSPF), or in the
description of tunneling protocols, which provide a Link Layer for an
application, although the tunnel host protocol may well be a Transport or
even an Application Layer protocol in its own right.
10. The TCP/IP design generally favors decisions based on simplicity,
efficiency and ease of implementation.

References:

www.netfact.com/crs

http://hubpages.com/hub/OSI-Reference-Model-and-TCP-IP-Model

http://forums.techarena.in/technology-internet/1113879.htm
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