Year 11 Paper 4.

1, Questions & Solutions June 2010

(1) A school has 220 boys and 280 girls.

(a) Find the ratio of boys to girls, in its simplest form.

[1]

(b) The ratio of students to teachers is 10 : 1. Find the number of teachers.

[2]

(c) There are 21 students on the school’s committee.

The ratio of boys to girls is 3 : 4. Find the number of girls on the committee.
[2]

(d) The committee organises a disco and sells tickets. 35% of the school’s students
each buy a ticket. Each ticket costs $1.60. Calculate the total amount received
from selling the tickets.
[3]

(e) The cost of running the disco is $264.

This is an increase of 10% on the cost of running last year’s disco.
Calculate the cost of running last year’s disco.
[2]

Solution

(a) This is a feel-good question, so don’t mess it up.

so that the ratio boys to girls is 11 : 14.

Dr K’s Solutions to Paper 4.1, June 2010. 1

 (b) There are 220+280=500 students, and for ten students there is one teacher,
so that the number of teachers is ⁄

(c) For every 3+4=7 students on the committee there are 4 girls, so that for 21
students on the committee there are

girls on the committee.

(d) There are 500 students in the school and 35% of them buy one ticket, which
gives

tickets sold. The total amount received from selling the tickets is therefore

(e) We are given that $264 is an increase of 10% on last year’s cost, so that

Dr K’s Solutions to Paper 4.1, June 2010. 2

(2) 40 students are asked about the number of people in their families. The table
shows the results.

Number of 2 3 4 5 6 7
people in
family

Frequency 1 1 17 12 6 3

(a) Find

(i) the mode,

[1]

(ii) the median,

[1]

(iii) the mean.

[3]

(b) Another n students are asked about the number of people in their families.
The mean for these n students is 3.
Find, in terms of n, an expression for the mean number for all (40 + n) students.
[2]

Solution

(1)
(a)
(i) The mode is the data which appears most often, ie the data with the
highest frequency, so that here we have: mode=4.

(ii) The median is the data “in the middle”. If the list has an odd number of
data, the median is the data with rank . If the list has an even
number of data, the median is the average of the data with ranks
and ⁄ .

In the case at hand, the number of data is 40, so that the median is the
average of the data with ranks 20 and 21, so that median .

Dr K’s Solutions to Paper 4.1, June 2010. 3

 (iii) The mean is here calculated with the formula

∑
∑

(b) We need to find

∑ ∑

We are given that

so that

(∑ )

and finally

Dr K’s Solutions to Paper 4.1, June 2010. 4

(3)

(a) On the grid, draw the enlargement of the triangle T, centre (0, 0), scale factor ⁄ .
[2]
(b) The matrix ( ) represents a transformation.

(i) Calculate the matrix product ( )( ).

.
[2]

(ii) On the grid, draw the image of the triangle T under this transformation.
[2]

Dr K’s Solutions to Paper 4.1, June 2010. 5

 (iii) Describe fully this single transformation.
[2]
(c) Describe fully the single transformation which maps

(i) triangle T onto triangle P,

[2]
(ii) triangle T onto triangle Q.
[3]
(d) Find the 2 by 2 matrix which represents the transformation in part (c)(ii).
[2]

Solution

(a) The distance between the vertices of T’ (image of T under the enlargement) and
the origin O is half of the distance between the corresponding vertices of T and
the origin O (see diagram below).
The image of T is the Triangle T’ with vertices .

2nd method: the matrix of an enlargement of centre O and scale factor ½ is

( ), so that the image of T is the triangle T’ with vertices

( )( ) ( )

NB: this second method only works if the centre of the enlargement is O.

(b)
(i) ( )( ) ( )

(ii) Note that question (b)-(i) actually gives us the vertices of the image T’’ of T
under the transformation represented by ( ). See diagram below.

(iii) The first column of the matrix ( ) is the image of the vector ( )

under the transformation and the second column of the matrix ( ) is

the image of the vector ( ).

Dr K’s Solutions to Paper 4.1, June 2010. 6

 The transformation is therefore a reflection in the y-axis.

(c)
(i) Triangle T is mapped onto triangle P by the translation of vector
( ) (see diagram below).

(ii) Triangle T is mapped onto triangle Q by the rotation of centre and

angle clockwise (or , see diagram below).

(d) A rotation of centre O and angle maps the vector ( ) onto the vector ( )

and the vector ( ) onto the vector ( ):

Hence the matrix of the rotation is ( ).

Dr K’s Solutions to Paper 4.1, June 2010. 7

Dr K’s Solutions to Paper 4.1, June 2010. 8
(4)

Box A contains 3 black balls and 1 white ball.

Box B contains 3 black balls and 2 white balls.

(a) A ball can be chosen at random from either box. Complete the following
statement.

There is a greater probability of choosing a white ball from Box .

Explain your answer.

[1]
(b) Abdul chooses a box and then chooses a ball from this box at random.
The probability that he chooses box A is 2/3.

(i) Complete the tree diagram by writing the four probabilities in the empty
spaces.

Dr K’s Solutions to Paper 4.1, June 2010. 9

 (ii) Find the probability that Abdul chooses box A and a black ball.

[2]
(iii) Find the probability that Abdul chooses a black ball.
[2]

(c) Tatiana chooses a box and then chooses two balls from this box at
random (without replacement).
The probability that she chooses box A is 2/3.
Find the probability that Tatiana chooses two white balls.
[2]

Solution

(a) There is a greater probability of choosing a white ball from Box B since

and since .

(b)
(i)

Dr K’s Solutions to Paper 4.1, June 2010. 10

 (ii) Use your answer to (b)-(i) to answer this question.

(iii) Here we have to take into account that the black ball can come from Box
A or from Box B. The probability of choosing a black ball from Box A is
given by (b)-(ii) and the probability of choosing a black ball from Box B is
given by

We therefore have

{ }

(c) Here we have

Dr K’s Solutions to Paper 4.1, June 2010. 11

 so that

Dr K’s Solutions to Paper 4.1, June 2010. 12

(5)

(a) Calculate the area of triangle ABD.

[2]
(b) Calculate the length of AD.
[4]
(c) Calculate the length of BC.
[4]
(d) Calculate the shortest distance from the point C to the line BD.
[2]

Solution

(a) Here it is easier to use the formula

(̂)

than the formula involving the base and the height of the triangle.

Dr K’s Solutions to Paper 4.1, June 2010. 13

 We have

(̂)

(b) Here we use the cos rule in the triangle ABD.

(̂)

so that

(c) Since, in the triangle BCD, we have two angles and one length, we use the sine
rule to calculate the length of BC.

First note that

so that

and finally

Dr K’s Solutions to Paper 4.1, June 2010. 14

 (d) The shortest distance from C to BD is the length of the height from C.

In the right angle triangle formed by this height, B and C, we have

so that

Dr K’s Solutions to Paper 4.1, June 2010. 15

(6)

(a) Calculate an estimate of the mean.

[4]
(b) On the grid, draw an accurate histogram to show the information in the table.
[3]

Solution

(a) Mass is a continuous data, so we use the midpoints of the class intervals to
evaluate the mean.

(b)
The height of the bar is given by

so that the height of the three bars are given by

Dr K’s Solutions to Paper 4.1, June 2010. 16

 respectively, which yields

Dr K’s Solutions to Paper 4.1, June 2010. 17

(7)

(a) Calculate the volume of a cylinder of radius 31 centimetres and length 15 metres.
Give your answer in cubic metres.
[3]
(b) A tree trunk has a circular cross-section of radius 31 cm and length 15 m.
One cubic metre of the wood has a mass of 800 kg.
Calculate the mass of the tree trunk, giving your answer in tonnes.
[2]
(c)

Dr K’s Solutions to Paper 4.1, June 2010. 18

 (i) Show that angle ECD = 120°.
[2]
(ii) Calculate the length of the arc DE, giving your answer in metres.
[2]
(iii) The edge of the plastic sheet forms the perimeter of the cross-section of the
pile.
The perimeter consists of three straight lines and three arcs.
Calculate this perimeter, giving your answer in metres.
[3]
(iv) The plastic sheet does not cover the two ends of the pile. Calculate the area
of the plastic sheet.
[1]

Solution

(a) A cylinder is a prism (a volume with the same cross section all the way through),
and the volume of a prism is given by

In the case at hand, the volume of a cylinder is given by

(b) One tonne is 1000kg, so that 800kg = 0.8 tonne. It is given in (a) that the volume
of the tree trunk is , so that the mass of the three trunk is given by

Dr K’s Solutions to Paper 4.1, June 2010. 19

 (c)
(i) The pile of tree trunks forms an equilateral triangle, so that each angle in
this triangle is equal to . The lines DC and CE are perpendicular to the
straight edges. Consider the quadrilateral formed by D, C, E and the
straight edges (see diagram below).
The sum of the interior angles in a quadrilateral being equal to , we
have

NB: the marking scheme states that the answer has to be fully justified, which
goes to show that it’s safer to always show your working.

(ii) The length of an arc of a circle of radius is given by

being the angle subtended by the arc at the centre of the circle.

Dr K’s Solutions to Paper 4.1, June 2010. 20

 The length of the arc DE is therefore given by

(iii) The perimeter consists of 3 sides of length 6 radii each (see diagram
below); and 3 arcs, the length of each being given by (c)-(ii).

The perimeter is therefore given by

(iv) The area of the plastic sheet is the surface area of the pile of tree trunks
(open at both ends), so that the surface area is equal to the perimeter in
(c)-(iii) times the length of a tree trunk:

Dr K’s Solutions to Paper 4.1, June 2010. 21

(8)

(c) On the grid, draw the graphs of

(i)

[3]

(ii)

[3]

(d) Use your graphs to solve

(i)

[1]

(ii)

[2]

(iii) .

[1]

Dr K’s Solutions to Paper 4.1, June 2010. 22

 Solution

(a) We have

(b) We have

( )

(c)
(i) To solve with the graph, we draw the line and find the x-
coordinate of the point of intersection of the graph of with the graph
of , which gives (see graph below)

(ii) To solve with the graph, we find the x-coordinate of the points
of intersection of the graph of with the graph of , which
gives (see graph below)

(iii) To solve , we start at on the x-axis and find the y-

coordinate of the point corresponding to on the graph of , which
gives (see graph below)

Dr K’s Solutions to Paper 4.1, June 2010. 23

Dr K’s Solutions to Paper 4.1, June 2010. 24
(9)

(a) Solve the following equations.

(i)

[2]

(ii)

[2]

(iii)

[3]

(b)

(i) Factorise .

[2]

(ii) Solve the equation .

[1]

(c)

Dr K’s Solutions to Paper 4.1, June 2010. 25

 (i) Show that .
[3]
(ii) Solve the equation , giving your answers correct to 2
decimal places. Show all your working.
[3]
(iii) Calculate the area of one of the shapes.
[1]

Solution

(a)
(i) Multiplying by on both sides and solving for , we obtain

(ii) Do not forget the “ ” involved in this type of problems.

Dr K’s Solutions to Paper 4.1, June 2010. 26

 (iii) We add the fractions on the LHS, finding first their common denominator.

(b)
(i) We find two numbers which multiply into -10 and add up to -9, which gives
-10 and +1. This yields

(ii) We solve the quadratic equation using the answer to (b)-(i).

Dr K’s Solutions to Paper 4.1, June 2010. 27

 (c)
(i) The area of the triangle is given by

and the area of the square is given by . Since the areas are equal, we
get

as required.

(ii) We use the formula

with to solve the quadratic equation in (b)-(i),

which yields

and finally
√ √

(iii) Since a length cannot be negative, we obtain

Dr K’s Solutions to Paper 4.1, June 2010. 28

(10) A company has a vehicle parking area of 1200 with space for cars and
trucks.

Each car requires 20 of space and each truck requires 100 of space.

(a) Show that .

[1]
(b) There must also be space for

(i) at least 40 vehicles,

(ii) at least 2 trucks.

Write down two more inequalities to show this information.

[2]

(c) One line has been drawn for you.

On the grid, show the three inequalities by drawing the other two lines and shading
the unwanted regions.
[4]

(d) Use your graph to find the largest possible number of trucks.
[1]

(e) The company charges $5 for parking each car and $10 for parking each truck.
Find the number of cars and the number of trucks which give the company the
greatest possible income.

Calculate this income.

[3]

Dr K’s Solutions to Paper 4.1, June 2010. 29

 Solution

(a) Since each car requires 20 of space and each truck requires 100 of
space, and since the space taken by the cars and trucks must be less than the
available space of 1200 , we get

(b)
(i) Since there must be at least 40 vehicles (vehicles means cars and trucks),
we get

(ii) We must have at least 2 trucks, so that .

(c) The line which has been drawn passes through the points (0,12) and (60,0), so
that it is the line of equation . To complete the graphs, we draw the
lines of equations and (see diagram below).

We shade the unwanted areas:

- the area below the line since we must have ,
- the area below the line since we must have ,
- the area above the line since we must have .

Since none of the inequalities are strict (ie we have as opposed to <), the lines
drawn on the diagram are not included in the unwanted regions (ie the lines are
part of the region we want).

(d) The point indicating the largest number of trucks is the point inside the unshaded
area with the highest y-coordinate (see diagram below). The largest number of
trucks is therefore 5.

Dr K’s Solutions to Paper 4.1, June 2010. 30

 (e) We have to find the maximal value of for values of and in the
unshaded area.

Even though trucks have to pay more, there are far more cars than trucks, so
that the highest possible income is given by the point in the unshaded area with
the greatest x-coordinate. This point has coordinates (50,2) so that the number of
cars and trucks maximizing the income are 50 and 2, respectively (see diagram).
The maximal possible income is therefore .

Dr K’s Solutions to Paper 4.1, June 2010. 31

(11)

The four diagrams above are the first four of a pattern.

(a) Diagram 5 has been started below. Complete this diagram and write down the
information about the numbers of dots and lines.

Dr K’s Solutions to Paper 4.1, June 2010. 32

 [4]
(b) Complete the information about the number of dots and lines in Diagram 8.
[3]
(c) Complete the information about the number of dots in Diagram n. Give your
answers in terms of n.
[2]
(d) The number of lines in diagram n is .
Find

(i) the value of k,

[1]
(ii) the number of lines in diagram 100.
[1]

Solution

(a)

The number of white dots is , the number of black dots is

and the number of lines is 62.

Dr K’s Solutions to Paper 4.1, June 2010. 33

 (b) In this type of questions, it is worth being smart and answer the questions (c) and
(d) about the numbers of dots and lines in diagram before answering this
question.

Here we have

- number of white dots in diagram 8: ,

- number of black dots in diagram 8: ,

- number of lines in diagram 8: .

(c) The number of white dots is a sequence of square numbers:

- white dots for diagram 1,

- white dots for diagram 2,

- white dots for diagram 3,

- white dots for diagram 4,

the number of white dots for diagram is therefore .

The number of black dots increases by 2 from one diagram to the next, so that
the number of black dots for diagram is a sequence of the form ,
where is a constant real number.

We find this number by noticing that is the number of black dots in diagram 1,
which is equal to 5, so that and .

The number of black dots in diagram is therefore .

Dr K’s Solutions to Paper 4.1, June 2010. 34

 (d)
(i) The number of lines in diagram 1 is 6, so that

(ii) The number of lines in diagram 100 is given by

Finished! Pffffuuuiii…..

Dr K’s Solutions to Paper 4.1, June 2010. 35