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TIONARY

EVOLU

TECHNIQUES
There are a variety of New computer techniques that Darwinism: the world is
enable problems to be solved by successive not constant or recently
created nor perpetually
improvements and developments. cycling, but rather is
steadily changing, and
that organisms are
transformed in time

http://www.talkorigins.org/
This is done by measuring a given performance faqs/darwinism.html
and selecting the best solutions which represent
a small improvement and reject the others.

Only a small quality of variation is required!

If a well developed solution does not already


exist, or the improvement does not meet ones Natural Selection- A process
by which traits become more
criteria.....a more sophisticated technique has to or less common in a population
be developed. as a result of consistent effects
upon there survival or
reproduction of their bearers

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nat
ural_selection
HOLLND!!!

John Holland developed a theoretical framework for an


adaptive model but required a restatement of the JOHN HOLLND!!!
biological position. Chromosomes

JOHN HOLLND!!!

He believed that adaptations most prominent features


are its progressive change of a given structure by a
repeated action of certain operators
JOHN HOLLND!!!

Biology Physiological Psychology


Chromosomes (structure) Cell assemblies Adaptation
(Structure)
Mutation (Operators)
Synapse Modification
(Operators)

JOHN

JOHN HOLLND!!!
This model forms the basis of a mathematical Adaptation: is the
formalism which defines a set of structures evolutionary process
appropriate to the field of interest using ALL possible
whereby a population
becomes better suited to
combinations of the elements its habitat. This process
takes place over many
generations, and is one
This technique discovers the best possible fit of the basic phenomena
connection in such a short space of time.
of biology.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wik
i/Adaptation

An environment is defined for the system undergoing adaptation: (Which in


it self is an adaptive plan).It determines successive structural modifications
in response to the environment and then measures the different structures
in the environment.

(The Adaptive plan) produces a sequence of structures from a set of


operators. Information from the environment influences the selections
made. This treatment is then developed into generalized reproductive plans
and genetic operators which we know as ‘genetic algorithms’
RESULT OF THIS ADAPTIVE MODEL?

Classifier systems

Evolutionary Algorithm

Bimorphs
Evolutionary Algorithms:

Evolutionary algorithms
Four main types of evolutionary algorithm in use today: (EAs) are search methods
that take their inspiration
from natural selection
and survival of the fittest in
the biological world. EAs
1. Genetic algorithm (GA) created by John Holland differ from more traditional
(1973,1975) optimization techniques in
that they involve a search
-made famous by David Goldberg (1989) from a "population" of
solutions, not from a
single point.
2. Evolutionary programming (EP) created by
Lawrence Fogel Each iteration of an EA
involves a competitive
(1963) selection that weeds out
-developed further by his son David Fogel (1992) poor solutions. The
solutions with high
"fitness" are
3. Evolution strategies (ES) created by Ingo "recombined" with other
solutions by swapping
Rechenberg (1973) parts of a solution with
-today strongly promoted by Tomas Back (1996) another.

Solutions are also


4. Genetic programming (GP) developed by John "mutated" by making a
small change to a single
Koza (1992) element of the solution.

http://www.cs.sandia.gov/opt
/survey/ea.html
Evolutionary algorithm Genetic algorithms are
a particular class of
Evolutionary
algorithms (EA) that
use techniques inspired
by evolutionary
biology such as
inheritance, mutation,
selection, and
crossover.
Genetic Algorithm:
Genetic Algorithm
The ability to produce
Technique developed primarily for problem solving solutions not ‘imagined’ by
and optimization in situations where it was possible to the instigator of the
program and to solve
state clearly both the problems and the criteria to be problems whose detailed
filled for the successful solutions structure was not
understood-excited the
scientific community

Biomorphs
Biomorphs are a class of two dimensional, recursive,
tree like structures developed as a demonstration by
Richard Dawkins. The growth and development is
controlled by simple genetic representation which
determines a particular aspect

Classifier Sysytems
Emphasis moves away from search for one optimum
solution to the production of a population that has
learned to respond in an appropriate way to particular
inputs. A classifier system receives information from
the environment which is checked against conditional
rules(classifiers), and the rules are acted upon in
order to output to the environment.

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