Lecture two:

• Conservative : Market
▪ we move responsibility from government and give it to markets – deregulation
▪ technocratic
◦ so invest in technology that can try and counteract issues
◦ for green-housing: invest into carbon storage, look at carbon credits and taxation
on emission; the market is free to go to other places and pollute there
◦ find other companies and take-over the ones that have more credits
• any companies that come up with counter-acting ; aluminum in different
stratospheres to reflect sunlight, and they will be well-rewarded because
it is cost-beneficial
▪ do not believe the government is responsible for carbon dioxide; believe that foreign
markets should be regulated
◦ cap-the foreign investors in Canada
• fines if over-pollute; and it is very industry based; and driven profit.
• Even research is very privatized, we would invest in research that will
kind-of-skew the public idea
◦ globalization; start new industries in canada, and we may not want to penalize
them for starting up, but domestic industries will want piece of action
• they can get subsidies for not polluting Canada

• Liberal : Institutionalism
▪ need of strong global standards
▪ MEGS ; Kyotos
▪ program where organizations will give loans and debts, in exchange they have to do
environmentally friendly
◦ we are more free-trade, neo-liberalism but also provides IPC's (Heavily indebted
countries) – only benefit some countries through debt-cancellations
◦ Environmental platform:
• we will protect businesses by protecting natural resources through tariffs,
subsidies to advance market-driven ideologies
• own national governmental body; over-looking and regulating carbon
emissions.
▪ Regulate packaging ? Make sure that they have to buy things –ie/
Walmart has subsidized funding for packaging from the
government to reduce costs.
• At a consumer level; local and municipal governments looking at these
levels – allocation –for fossil fuels.
▪ Fund public transport and initiatives within provinces and expand
development; less reliant on cars
▪ highway construction : stricter construction – they are
deforestation, and water (kills biodiversity)
• At national level: CO2 emissions – work with global leaders to create
policies and agreements to reduce carbon emissions by using Kyoto
• funding for education ; and bring it into the elementary schools so that it's
imprinted. Subsidized water, air, environmental science
 ▪ How's climate change because of these measures
◦ lower emissions; inter-health panel

• Green (radical): bio-environment

▪ to develop sustainable solutions for society without limiting the economy progression
◦ clean-development mechanism
• use wind-farms, more eco-friendly, less coal usage to reduce emissions
and toxic pollutions. Which improves health
◦ help developed countries meet emission requirements; and assist poorer
countries
• international investment in wind-farms; or natural energy
• developing countries can assist in a greener world by focus on population
control and increase sustainable food production
◦ Evidence used: past projects as source of evidence; buses hybrid. Canada has
enormous natural resource base; damaging and deteriorating of natural resources.
• NDP: social greens
▪ bridge gap of social inequalities
◦ in relation to climate change
• enforce regulation in industries
• make the polluters pay for their emissions (direct and indirect)
• funding green-housing funding.
◦ Green house gases: caused by corporate world, and is mainly experienced by the
consumers, so need liability and responsibility
▪ knowing that greenhouse gases; 80% reduction, and reduce in long term
▪ main difference from green – we look more at the environment and the social aspects

What do you think the two readings, and how do they differ on each issues? And which one is more
persuasive? (Health report and Lancet report)
• main argument global health watch: leave coal and other resources in their natural reservoirs;
but that should be our aim
• need to find sustainable and alternative practices and do not need to deplete those
resources
• climate change; industries and inter-relations between government process is the
target for sustainable development
▪ who has money, who has political power; represent dominate forces
• Lancet Piece:
• suggests more use of data; informational challenge
• calls on population of the world to coordinate, and work each other on civil actors,
but doesnt point to who are the main perpetrators of the problem
▪ it becomes very wishy-washy; but doesn’t say alternative sources or
regulation or who has power in producing CO2
▪ calls for individual changes
• sociology-politcal challenge ; lifestyle of those living in rich nations; rather than
looking at structural developments of society.
• Fossil fuel energy = doubled longevity (evidence is given)
▪ is this really causation? Sanitation systems?