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DTH Technology
K.JAYA PRAKASH
10MT0817
DTH Technology
Abstract
Direct to home technology (DTH) refers to the satellite television broadcasting
process which is actually intended for home reception. This technology is originally
referred to as direct broadcast satellite (DBS) technology. The technology was
developed for competing with the local cable TV distribution services by providing
higher quality satellite signals with more number of channels.
Though DBS and DTH present the same services to the consumers, there are some
differences in the technical specifications. While DBS is used for transmitting
signals from satellites at a particular frequency band [the band differs in each
country], DTH is used for transmitting signals over a wide range of frequencies
[normal frequencies including the KU and KA band]. The satellites used for the
transmission of the DTH signals are not part of any international planned
frequency band. DBS has changed its plans over the past few years so as to
include new countries and also modify their mode of transmission from analog to
digital. But DTH is more famous for its services in both the analog and digital
services which includes both audio and video signals. The dishes used for this
service is also very small in size. When it comes to commercial use, DBS is known
for its service providing a group of free channels that are allowed for its targeted
country.
In broadcasting center consist all the channels antenna which authorized by their
own channel, and we will receive the single from that channel provider. Collection
of all the signal transferring to the DTH service provider ,then DTH providers are
collect the those signal converts into the Digital signals with in range of
bandwidth transfer the signal to satellite and Satellite amplifies signals
Introduction
India is one of the biggest DTH service providers in the world. The requirement is
very high because of the high population and the increased number of viewers.
The low cost of DTH when compared to other local cable providers is also one main
reason for this substantial growth.
In India the DTH requirement is more than in any country as the population of
viewers is at very high rate.DTH is defined as the reception of satellite
programmes with a personal dish in an individual home.
Cable TV is through cable networks and DTH is wireless, reaching direct to the
consumer through a small dish and a set-top box. Although the government has
ensured that free-to-air channels on cable are delivered to the consumer without a
set-top box, DTH signals cannot be received without the set-top box.
India currently has 6 major DTH service providers and a total of over 20 million
subscriber households in 2010. Dish TV(a ZEE TV subsidiary), Tata Sky, Tata Sky
+, South India Media Giant Sun Network owned 'Sundirect DTH',Reliance owned
BIG TV,Bharti Airtel's DTH Service 'Airtel Digital TV' and the public sector DD Direct
Plus.As of 2010, India has the most competitive Direct-broadcast satellite market
with 7 operators vying for more than 110 million TV homes. India is set to overtake
the USA as the world's largest Direct-broadcast satellite market,The rapid growth
of DTH in India has propelled an exodus from cabled homes, the need to measure
viewership in this space is more than ever; the overnight ratings agency, has
mounted a people meter panel to measure viewership and interactive engagement
in DTH homes in India
The idea of DTH was first provided to India in 1996. But it was not approved then
as there were concerns about national security. But the laws were changed by the
year 2000 and thus DTH was allowed. According to the new rule, DTH providers
are required to set up new stations within 12 months of getting the license. The
cost of the license is almost $2.15 million in India with a validity of 10 years for
renewal. The latest reports suggest that almost 25% of the total Indian population
use this facility while others use local TV connections.Some of the common DTH
providers in India are
1. TATA Sky
2. BIG TV
4. Dish TV
5. Airtel DTH
Working of DTH
For a DTH network to be transmitted and received, the following components are
needed.
• Broadcasting center
• DTH Receivers
Broadcasting center
In broadcasting center consist all the channels anntea which authorized by their
own channel, and we will receive the single from that channel provider. Collection
of all the signal transferring to the DTH service provider ,then DTH providers are
collect the those signal converts into the Digital signals with in range of
bandwidth transfer the signal to satellite and Satellite amplifies signals.
The broadcast centre is the main part of the whole system. It is from the broadcast
station that the signals are sent to the satellites to be broadcasted. The broadcast
station receives the signals from various program channels.
The satellite receives the signal from the broadcast centre and compresses the
signals and makes them suitable for re-transmission to the ground.
The DTH providers give dish receivers for the viewers to receive the signal from
the satellites. There may be one or multiple satellites that send the signals at the
same time. The receiver receives the signal from them and is passed on to the Set
Top Box [STB] receiver in the viewer’s house.
The STB receiver changes the signal in a form suitable for our television and then
passes it on to our TV.
Coverage AsiaSat 2
Coverage AsiaSat 2
Coverage PAS-5
Coverage PAS-5
Coverage Astra 1A
Coverage Astra 1A
DTH Receivers
Antenna Principles
Feedhorn
Typical Specification:
L.O. Frequency
Output Frequency
L.O. Stability
Conversion Gain
Output Level
Ku-Band W 75
Relation of Noise Temp. and Figure:
Outdoor-Unit consists of mechanically and electrically proper mounted satellite
dish with LNB and feeder directed without obstacles (line of sight) towards
satellite. A sufficant Figure of Merit (G/T) is important especially under bad
weather conditions.
LNA/LNB with noise figure (< 1DB) OR NOISE TEMPERATURE (< 75°K)
Reliability and long lifetime are achieved by using heavy duty materials to
withstand high windload and aggressive environment.
IRD (Integrated Receiver Decoder) also called Set Top Box (STB)
Front-end: Tuner, ADC, Demodulator and FEC for DVB-S, -C, -T.
IRD -
Connections Consumer
In this set of box we have a circuit chip which is called the Digicard in set of box
the digicard provides the author stream, similar to sim card provide strict
according to cost plan of the digicard provide the channel to you. Will do recharge
of that card similar as we do recharge as mobile phone
Conclusion
High quality audio and video which are cost effective due to absence of mediators.
Almost 4000 channels can be viewed along with 2000 radio channels. Thus the
world’s entire information including news and entertainment is available to you at
home.
With a single DTH service you will be able to use digital quality audio, video and
also high speed broadband.
REFERENCES
4. Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_television
5. ^ Robertson, Lloyd (1972-11-09). "Anik A1 launching: bridging the gap". CBC English TV.
Retrieved 2007-01-25.
9. http://www.indiandth.in/Thread-Cable-networks-to-get-digital-edge-countrywide-
reach-with-HITS
10.http://www.indiantelevision.com/perspectives/y2k4/dth_main.htm
11.http://www.watblog.com/2009/08/12/mnp-like-solution-for-dth-subscribers-may-
finally-get-inter-operable-boxes/