GENERIC BRAND DRUG MECHANISM INDICATION ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING RATIONALE

NAME NAME CLASS OF ACTION RESPONSIBILITIES

Hydrochlorothi Esidrix, Thiazide Inhibits  Adjunctive Dizziness- a term used to describe a. Give with food a) This drug can be taken with
azide Ezide, diuretic reabsorption therapy in everything from feeling faint or and or milk if GI food, which may eliminate
Oretic, of sodium and edema lightheaded to feeling weak or upset occurs. possible stomach upset. This
HydroDIURIL chloride in associated unsteady b. Mark calendars or helps buffer the drug effect on
distal renal with CHF, Vertigo- dizziness that creates the provide other the stomach lining if GI upset is
tubule, cirrhosis, sense that you or your reminders of drug a problem. However, high-salt
increasing the corticosteroid, surroundings are spinning or for alternate day diets should be avoided
excretion of and estrogen moving or 3-5 days/wk because this can aggravate
sodium, therapy, renal therapy. conditions that may lead to
Nausea- the sensation of unease
chloride, and dysfunction c. Reduce dosage edema.
and discomfort in the stomach with
water by the  Treatment of other b) Monitor the dose carefully and
an urge to vomit; typically
kidney. of antihypertensives reduce the dosage of one or
associated with decreased gastric
hypertension, motility and increased tone in the by at least 50% if both drugs if given with
alone or with small intestine; there is often given with antihypertensive agents
other reverse peristalsis in the proximal thiazides; because loss of fluid volume
antihypertensi small intestine. readjust dosages can precipitate hypotension.
ves gradually as BP c) Decreasing the dosage of other
Orthostatic hypotension- a form of responds.
hypotension in which there is a antihypertensives given when
d. Administer early administered with thiazide
sudden (less than 3 minutes) fall in in the day
blood pressure, typically greater prevents overdose and
e. Measure and hypotension; the blood pressure
than 20/10 mm Hg,[2] that occurs record weight to
when a person assumes a standing drops as the medication takes
monitor fluid effect, so give the diuretic
position, usually after a prolonged changes.
period of rest according to the desired blood
pressure to prevent negative
Vomiting-the forceful expulsion of
effects caused by sudden
contents of the stomach and often,
changes in BP
the proximal small intestine; a
d) Since diuretic agents increase
manifestation of a large number of
the amount of urine produced by
conditions, many of which are not
the kidneys, it should be
primary disorders of the
administered early in the day so
gastrointestinal tract.
that increased urination will not
Diarrhea- frequent loose or liquid interfere with sleep.
bowel movements. e) The human body is composed
 Muscle cramps- unpleasant, often
painful, sensations caused by
contraction or over shortening of
muscles; can be caused by cold,
overexertion or low calcium level in
blood
of 85% water, which accounts to
most of its body weight. Weight
will determine fluid acquired by
and lost from the body. Any rise
in weight can lead to
hypertension as fluid is retained
in the vascular compartment.

GENERIC BRAND DRUG MECHANISM INDICATION ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING RATIONALE

NAME NAME CLASS OF ACTION RESPONSIBILITI
ES
Furosemide Lasix Loop (high Inhibits the  Oral,  Dizziness- a term used to
ceiling) reabsorption IV: Edema describe everything from
diuretic of sodium and associated feeling faint or lightheaded
chloride from with CHF, to feeling weak or unsteady
the ascending cirrhosis,  Paresthesias- a sensation of
limb of the renal tingling, pricking, or
loop of Henle, disease numbness of a person's skin
leading to a  IV: Acute with no apparent long-term
sodium-rich pulmonary physical effect
diuresis edema
 Photosensitivity- Particular
 Oral:
medications make the skin
Hypertensio
more sensitive to sunlight
n c. Give single
 Orthostatic hypotension-a form of
hypotension in which there
is a sudden (less than 3
minutes) fall in blood
pressure, typically greater
than 20/10 mm Hg,[2] that
occurs when a person
assumes a standing
position, usually after a
prolonged period of rest
 Thrombophlebitis- phlebitis (vein
inflammation) related to a
blood clot or thrombus.
 Urticaria- a skin condition,
commonly caused by an
allergic reaction, that is
characterized by raised red
skin wheals (welts)
 Nausea- the sensation of unease
and discomfort in the
stomach with an urge to
vomit; typically associated
with decreased gastric
a. Give with food a) This drug can be taken with
and or milk to food, which may eliminate
prevent GI possible stomach upset. This
upset. helps buffer the drug effect on
b. Reduce the stomach lining if GI upset is
dosage if given a problem. However, high-salt
with other diets should be avoided because
antihypertensiv this can aggravate conditions
es; readjust that may lead to edema.
dosage b) Monitor the dose carefully and
gradually as reduce the dosage of one or
BP responds. both drugs if given with
antihypertensive agents because
dose early in loss of fluid volume can
day precipitate hypotension.
d. Do not expose
c) Since diuretic agents increase
to light the amount of urine produced by
e. Monitor the
the kidneys, it should be
patient administered early in the day so
response to the
that increased urination will not
drug (e.g., interfere with sleep.
blood pressure,
d) This may discolor tablets or
urinary output, solution and disintegration can
weight, serum occur.
electrolytes,
e) This evaluates the effectiveness
hydration, and of the drug and monitor for
periodic blood adverse effects. The patient
glucose should be weighted each day, at
monitoring) the same time of day and in the
f. Provide diet rich same clothing. Report any loss
potassium or or gain of 3 lb or more in 1 day,
supplemental and other patient’s response to
potassium. the drug so that proper action
can be given.
f) This type of diuretic causes
potassium loss. Thus, to
 motility and increased tone maintain electrolyte balance and
in the small intestine; there replace lost potassium, foods
is often reverse peristalsis in rich in potassium (e.g., orange
the proximal small intestine. juice, raisins, bananas) should
 Hypokalemia- the condition in be provided or encouraged.
which the concentration of
potassium in the blood is
low (<3.5 to 5.0 mEq) ;
 Glycosuria- an abnormal
condition of osmotic diuresis
due to excretion of glucose
by the kidneys.

GENERIC BRAND DRUG MECHANISM INDICATION ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING RATIONALE

 NAME NAME CLASS OF ACTION RESPONSIBILITIES
Acetazolamide Diamox  Carbonic Inhibits the  Adjunctive Fatigue- exhaustion of mind or a. Administer with a. This drug can be taken with
Sequels, andhyrase enzyme therapy in body resulting from labor or food and or milk if food, which may eliminate
Apo- inhibitor carbonic chronic exertion. GI upset occurs. possible stomach upset.
Acetazolami  Antiglauco andhyrase. open-angle Rash- a change of the skin which b. Use caution if This helps buffer the drug
de ma drug This action glaucoma, affects its color, appearance, or giving with other effect on the stomach lining
 Diuretic decreases secondary texture. Rashes may cause the skin drugs with if GI upset is a problem.
aqueous glaucoma to change color, itch, become excretion inhibited However, high-salt diets
humor  Preoperativ warm, bumpy, dry, cracked or by urine should be avoided because
formation in e use in blistered, swell and may be painful. alkalinization. this can aggravate
the eye, IOP, acute angle- c. Make oral liquid conditions that may lead to
Anorexia- decreased sensation of
and hydrogen closure form by crushing edema.
appetite; there are many possible
ion secretion glaucoma tablets and b. Acetazolamide produces
causes for a decreased appetite,
by renal when delay suspending in alkaline urine and may
some of which may be harmless
tubule cells, of surgery is cherry, chocolate, increase the rate of
while others pose significant risk for
and increases desired to raspberry, or other excretion of weakly acidic
the person.
sodium, lower IOP sweet syrup, or drugs including
potassium, Nausea- the sensation of unease one tablet may be
 Edema barbiturates and
bicarbonate, and discomfort in the stomach with submerged in 10
caused by salicylates. It can result to
and water an urge to vomit; typically mL of hot water
CHF, drug- salicylate toxicity by
excretion by associated with decreased gastric with 1 mL of honey
induced causing metabolic acidosis
the kidney, motility and increased tone in the or syrup; do not
edema and enhancing the
causing a small intestine; there is often use alcohol or
 Contencep penetration of the salicylate
diuretic effect. reverse peristalsis in the proximal glycerin as a
halic into tissues. In addition,
small intestine. vehicle.
epilepsy salicylates decrease the
Polyuria- urinary frequency, or d. Establish safety elimination of
 Prophylaxi frequent urination, irrespective of precautions if CNS
s and acetazolamide, which
the volume of urine passed; effects occur, could result in CNS toxicity.
treatment of physiologically normal in some protect patient
acute c. Crushing the tablet in oral
circumstances, such as cold from sun or bright
altitude liquid form will aid in easy
diuresis, altitude diuresis, and after lights if
sickness absorption of the drug.
drinking large amounts of fluids photophobia Remember that alcohol
Renal calculi-also called as kidney occurs. can add to the drowsiness
stones; solid concretions (crystal e. Obtain regular caused by Acetazolamide.
aggregations) of dissolved minerals weight to monitor The chronic use or abuse
in urine; calculi typically form inside fluid changes. of laxatives (glycerin) may
the kidneys or bladder
Bone marrow suppression-a
serious side-effect of chemotherapy
and certain drugs affecting the
immune system; Because the bone
marrow is the manufacturing center
of blood cells, the suppression of
bone marrow activity causes a
deficiency of blood cells.
Weight loss- reduction of the total
body weight, due to a mean loss of
fluid
potentiate the
pharmacologic effects of
diuretics. Laxatives can
cause significant losses of
fluid and electrolytes,
including sodium,
potassium, magnesium
and zinc, and these effects
may be additive to those of
diuretics.
d. Patient may exhibit signs
and symptoms of
impairment of mental
alertness and/or physical
coordination, such as
ataxia, confusion,
convulsions, depression,
dizziness, drowsiness,
excitement, fatigue, fever,
headache, malaise.
Exposure to bright light
leads to discomfort.
e. The human body is
composed of 85% water,
which accounts to most of
its body weight. Weight will
determine fluid acquired by
and lost from the body. Any
rise in weight can lead to
hypertension as fluid is
retained in the vascular
compartment. Too much
administration can lead to
weight loss.
 GENERIC BRAND DRUG MECHANISM INDICATION ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING RATIONALE
NAME NAME CLASS OF ACTION RESPONSIBILITIES
Spironolactone Aldactone,  Potassiu Competitively  Adjunctive Dizziness- a term used to describe a. Mark calendars of a. Monitor the dose carefully
Novospiroton m-sparing blocks the therapy in everything from feeling faint or edema outpatients and reduce the dosage of
diuretics effects of edema lightheaded to feeling weak or as reminders of one or both drugs if given
 Aldoster aldosterone associated unsteady alternate-day or 3- with antihypertensive agents
one in the renal with CHF, Headache- a condition of pain in to 5-day/wk because loss of fluid volume
antagonist tubule, nephritic the head; ranks amongst the most therapy. can precipitate hypotension;
causing loss syndrome, common local pain complaints and b. Give daily doses to monitor mobilization of
of sodium hepatic may be frequent for many people early edema fluid
and water cirrhosis c. Make suspension b. Since diuretic agents
Drowsiness-also called as
and retention when other as follows: Tablets increase the amount of urine
somnolence; a state of near-sleep,
of potassium. therapies are may be pulverized produced by the kidneys, it
a strong desire for sleep, or
inadequate sleeping for unusually long periods and given in should be administered
or cherry syrup for early in the day so that
Rash- a change of the skin which
inappropriate young children. increased urination will not
affects its color, appearance, or
 Treatment This suspension is interfere with sleep.
texture. Rashes may cause the skin
or prevention stable for 1 mo if c. Crushing the tablet in oral
to change color, itch, become
of refrigerated liquid form will aid in easy
warm, bumpy, dry, cracked or
hypokalemia d. Measure and absorption of the drug in
blistered, swell and may be painful.
 Essential record weight children. Refrigeration
Hyperkalemia- an elevated blood e. Avoid giving food
hypertension prevents drug from spoilage.
level of the electrolyte potassium rich in potassium. d. Weight is measured and
(<3.5 to 5.0 mEq); develops when f. Arrange for recorded to monitor changes
there is excessive production (oral regular evaluation in body fluids caused by the
intake, tissue breakdown) or of serum drug’s effects to the body.
ineffective elimination of potassium. electrolytes and e. Spironolactone is a
Hirsutism- excessive and increased BUN. potassium-sparing diuretic ;
hair growth in women in locations
it keeps your potassium
where the occurrence of terminal
levels from getting too low.
hair normally is minimal or absent;
These products could cause
certain medications may increase a
your potassium levels to get
woman's normally low level of male
too high while you are taking
hormones
Spironolactone.
Gynecomastia- the development of f. This is done to check
abnormally large mammary glands Potassium levels in the
 in males resulting in breast body. The blood urea
enlargement, which can sometimes nitrogen (BUN) test is a test
cause secretion of milk; the causes of how well your kidneys are
of common gynecomastia remain working. It measures the
uncertain, although it has generally amount of nitrogen in your
been attributed to an imbalance of blood.
sex hormones or the tissue
responsiveness to them

GENERIC BRAND DRUG MECHANISM INDICATION ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING RATIONALE

NAME NAME CLASS OF ACTION RESPONSIBILITIES
Mannitol Osmitrol,  Osmotic Elevates the  Prevention Dizziness- Dizziness- a term used a.Give with food a) This drug can be taken with food,
Resectisol diuretic osmolarity of and treatment to describe everything from feeling and or milk if GI which may eliminate possible
 Diagnos the of the oliguric faint or lightheaded to feeling weak upset occurs. stomach upset. This helps buffer
tic agent glomerular phase of or unsteady b. Mark calendars the drug effect on the stomach
 Urinary filtrate, renal failure Headache- a condition of pain in or provide other lining if GI upset is a problem.
irrigant thereby  Reduction the head; ranks amongst the most reminders of drug However, high-salt diets should
hindering the of intracranial common local pain complaints and for alternate day be avoided because this can
reabsorption pressure and may be frequent for many people or 3-5 days/wk aggravate conditions that may
of water and treatment of therapy. lead to edema.
Nausea- the sensation of unease
leading to a cerebral c. Reduce dosage b) Monitor the dose carefully and
and discomfort in the stomach with
loss of water, edema; of of other reduce the dosage of one or
an urge to vomit; typically
sodium elevated IOP associated with decreased gastric antihypertensives both drugs if given with
chloride (used when the motility and increased tone in the by at least 50% if antihypertensive agents because
for diagnosis pressure small intestine; there is often given with loss of fluid volume can
of glomerular cannot be reverse peristalsis in the proximal thiazides; precipitate hypotension.
filtration rate); lowered by small intestine. readjust dosages c) Monitor the dose carefully and
creates an other means Anorexia- decreased sensation of gradually as BP reduce the dosage of one or
osmotic  Promotion appetite; there are many possible responds. both drugs if given with
gradient in the of the urinary causes for a decreased appetite, d. Administer early antihypertensive agents
eye between excretion of some of which may be harmless in the day because loss of fluid volume
plasma and toxic while others pose significant risk for e. Measure and can precipitate hypotension.
ocular fluids, substances the person. record weight to d) Since diuretic agents increase
thereby  Diagnostic Diuresis- increased production of monitor fluid the amount of urine produced by
reducing IOP; use: urine by the kidney; substances changes. the kidneys, it should be
creates an Measurement that increase diuresis are called administered early in the day so
osmotic of glomerular diuretics that increased urination will not
effect, leading filtration rate interfere with sleep.
Fluid and electrolyte imbalances-
to decreased  Irrigant in e) This evaluates the effectiveness
evelop by the following
swelling in transurethral of the drug and monitor for
mechanisms: excessive ingestion;
posttransuret prostatic adverse effects. The patient
diminished elimination of an
hral prostatic resection or should be weighted each day, at
electrolyte; diminished ingestion or
resection other the same time of day and in the
excessive elimination of an
transurethral electrolyte; the most common same clothing. Report any loss
procedueres cause of electrolyte disturbances is or gain of 3 lb or more in 1 day,
renal failure. and other patient’s response to
the drug so that proper action
can be given.