AP - Environmental Science - Homework 8 - 1 (Food & Soil Conservation)

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. Meat and animal products for humans come mainly from ____ domesticated animal species.
a. 8
b. 16
c. 24
d. 32
e. 40
____ 2. A single type of crop is generally grown in
a. plantation agriculture.
b. traditional intensive agriculture.
c. traditional subsistence agriculture.
d. industrialized agriculture.
e. minimum-tillage agriculture.
____ 3. The type of agriculture that supplements solar energy with human labor and draft animals is
a. plantation agriculture.
b. traditional intensive agriculture.
c. traditional subsistence agriculture.
d. industrialized agriculture.
e. minimum-tillage agriculture.
____ 4. Since 1950, the majority of the increase in food production is a result of the ____ revolution.
a. red
b. blue
c. green
d. yellow
e. purple
____ 5. The plants of the second green revolution are
a. giant varieties.
b. slow-growing.
c. high-yield varieties.
d. adapted to drought.
e. producing less food on more land.
____ 6. In the last half century, global meat production
a. decreased by tenfold.
b. decreased by fourfold.
c. increased by fourfold.
d. increased by tenfold.
e. stayed the same.
____ 7. Agriculture contributes ____ to the GNP of the United States.
a. 8%
b. 18%
c. 28%
d. 38%
e. 48%
____ 8. Most soil erosion is caused by
a. moving water.
b. wind.
c. earthquakes.
d. volcanoes.
e. excess heat.
____ 9. Of the following human activities, the one which probably contributes least to soil erosion is
a. urbanization.
b. off-road vehicles.
c. sustainable agriculture.
d. logging.
e. cutting forests.
____ 10. Currently, topsoil is eroding faster than it forms on about ____ of the world's croplands.
a. one-fourth
b. one-third
c. one-half
d. two-thirds
e. three-quarters
____ 11. About ____ of the world's agricultural lands have been degraded by erosion.
a. 20%
b. 30%
c. 40%
d. 50%
e. 60%
____ 12. Which of the following practices leads to desertification?
a. irrigation
b. overgrazing
c. soil compaction
d. surface mining
e. all of these answers
____ 13. Plowing, breaking up, and smoothing soil in fall to plant in the spring is
a. conventional tillage.
b. conservation tillage.
c. contour farming.
d. terracing.
e. spring overturn.
____ 14. Conservation tillage
a. increases labor costs.
b. decreases erosion.
c. increases energy consumption.
d. accelerates water loss from the soil.
e. increases erosion.
____ 15. Which of the following practices both reduces erosion and increases soil fertility?
a. strip cropping
b. terracing
c. contour farming
d. row cropping
e. line cropping
____ 16. Contour farming involves
a. converting a steep slope into a series of terraces.
b. building a series of small dams.
c. plowing at right angles to slopes.
d. plowing straight down slope or straight up slope.
e. none of these answers
____ 17. Planting crops in alternating rows of close-growing plants
a. creates windbreaks.
b. is called strip cropping.
c. is called crop rotation.
d. increases erosion rates.
e. is called ally cropping.
____ 18. Established by the 1985 Farm Act, a conservation reserve cannot be
a. cut for hay.
b. farmed.
c. grazed.
d. farmers who violate their contracts must pay back all subsidies plus interest.
e. all of these answers
____ 19. Which of the following is not one of the three major types of organic fertilizer?
a. green manure
b. sewage sludge
c. compost
d. animal manure
e. none of these answers
____ 20. The process least likely to conserve soil nutrients is
a. crop rotation.
b. fertilizing with compost.
c. fertilizing with green manure.
d. irrigation.
e. fertilizing with animal manure.
____ 21. Commercial inorganic fertilizers commonly contain all of the following except
a. organic nitrogen.
b. phosphate.
c. nitrate.
d. potassium.
e. none of these answers
____ 22. Commercially available inorganic fertilizers
a. lack trace elements.
b. increase soil porosity.
c. increase soil water-holding capacity.
d. raise the oxygen content of soil.
e. contain all trace elements.
____ 23. The term undernutrition refers to people who
a. eat less than the basic minimum number of daily calories.
b. eat balanced meals.
c. eat too much.
d. suffer from poor food quality.
e. eat too much protein.
____ 24. The term malnutrition refers to people who
a. eat less than the basic minimum number of daily calories.
b. eat balanced meals.
c. eat too much.
d. suffer from poor food quality.
e. eat too much protein.
____ 25. One in ____ people in developing countries are undernourished or malnourished.
a. twenty
b. ten
c. five
d. four
e. eight
____ 26. Administration of ____ will prevent the majority of blindness in developing countries in the world.
a. iodine
b. immunizing shots
c. sugar and salt in a glass of water
d. vitamin A capsules
e. protein
____ 27. Anemia can be the result of a deficiency in
a. cobalt.
b. iodine.
c. iron.
d. calcium.
e. oxygen.
____ 28. Elemental iodine
a. is only useful as a disinfectant.
b. is very poisonous.
c. is found in grains like rice.
d. deficiency can cause goiter, which can lead to deafness.
e. is not found in living organisms.
____ 29. The term overnutrition refers to people who
a. eat less than the basic minimum number of daily calories.
b. eat balanced meals.
c. eat too many calories each day.
d. suffer from poor food quality.
e. eat too much protein.
____ 30. Overnutrition is characterized by diets
a. high in meat.
b. high in fruit and fiber.
c. high in fresh vegetables.
d. low in meats.
e. all of these answers
____ 31. Agriculture can harm the land through
a. soil erosion.
b. salinization.
c. reduction in microorganism diversity.
d. all of these answers
e. none of these answers
____ 32. Which of the following is the most energy efficient to produce?
a. pigs
b. chicken
c. catfish
d. cattle
e. goats
____ 33. Most overgrazing is caused by
a. drought.
b. climate changes.
c. large populations of wild herbivores.
d. too many grazing animals for too long a time.
e. all of these answers
____ 34. The ocean provides ____ of the annual commercial catch of fish and shellfish.
a. 44%
b. 55%
c. 66%
d. 77%
e. 88%
____ 35. About ____ of the world fish harvest is used primarily as animal feed, fishmeal, and oils.
a. 1/2
b. 1/3
c. 1/4
d. 1/5
e. 1/6
____ 36. ____ is the world leader in aquaculture.
a. North Korea
b. Japan
c. China
d. Brazil
e. India
____ 37. Benefits of aquaculture include
a. high yields per unit area.
b. use of less fuel than conventional fishing methods.
c. creation of jobs.
d. all of these answers
e. none of these answers
____ 38. Governments often provide assistance to farmers because farmers have little control over
a. weather.
b. crop pests.
c. the global market.
d. interest rates.
e. all of these answers
____ 39. Sustainable agriculture is characterized by all of the following except
a. promoting monoculture.
b. a lack of requirements of massive amounts of fossil fuels.
c. conserving and building topsoil.
d. a lack of use of many artificial chemicals.
e. promoting polyculture.
____ 40. Sustainable agriculture
a. uses pesticides.
b. minimizes erosion.
c. requires high inputs of fossil fuel.
d. employs massive fertilization programs.
e. wastes water.
AP - Environmental Science - Homework 8 - 1 (Food & Soil Conservation)
Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ANS: A DIF: E TOP: 14-1 HOW IS FOOD PRODUCED?

2. ANS: D DIF: E TOP: 14-1 HOW IS FOOD PRODUCED?
3. ANS: C DIF: E TOP: 14-1 HOW IS FOOD PRODUCED?
4. ANS: C DIF: E
TOP: 14-2 PRODUCING FOOD BY GREEN REVOLUTION AND TRADITIONAL TECHNIQUES
5. ANS: C DIF: M
TOP: 14-2 PRODUCING FOOD BY GREEN REVOLUTION AND TRADITIONAL TECHNIQUES
6. ANS: C DIF: M
TOP: 14-2 PRODUCING FOOD BY GREEN REVOLUTION AND TRADITIONAL TECHNIQUES
7. ANS: B DIF: E
TOP: 14-2 PRODUCING FOOD BY GREEN REVOLUTION AND TRADITIONAL TECHNIQUES
8. ANS: A DIF: E TOP: 14-3 SOIL EROSION AND DEGRADATION
9. ANS: C DIF: E TOP: 14-3 SOIL EROSION AND DEGRADATION
10. ANS: B DIF: E TOP: 14-3 SOIL EROSION AND DEGRADATION
11. ANS: C DIF: E TOP: 14-3 SOIL EROSION AND DEGRADATION
12. ANS: E DIF: M TOP: 14-3 SOIL EROSION AND DEGRADATION
13. ANS: A DIF: E TOP: 14-4 SOLUTIONS: SOIL CONSERVATION
14. ANS: B DIF: M TOP: 14-4 SOLUTIONS: SOIL CONSERVATION
15. ANS: A DIF: M TOP: 14-4 SOLUTIONS: SOIL CONSERVATION
16. ANS: C DIF: E TOP: 14-4 SOLUTIONS: SOIL CONSERVATION
17. ANS: B DIF: E TOP: 14-4 SOLUTIONS: SOIL CONSERVATION
18. ANS: E DIF: M TOP: 14-4 SOLUTIONS: SOIL CONSERVATION
19. ANS: B DIF: E TOP: 14-4 SOLUTIONS: SOIL CONSERVATION
20. ANS: D DIF: E TOP: 14-4 SOLUTIONS: SOIL CONSERVATION
21. ANS: A DIF: E TOP: 14-4 SOLUTIONS: SOIL CONSERVATION
22. ANS: A DIF: M TOP: 14-4 SOLUTIONS: SOIL CONSERVATION
23. ANS: A DIF: M
TOP: 14-5 FOOD PRODUCTION, NUTRITION, AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
24. ANS: D DIF: E
TOP: 14-5 FOOD PRODUCTION, NUTRITION, AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
25. ANS: C DIF: E
TOP: 14-5 FOOD PRODUCTION, NUTRITION, AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
26. ANS: D DIF: E
TOP: 14-5 FOOD PRODUCTION, NUTRITION, AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
27. ANS: C DIF: E
TOP: 14-5 FOOD PRODUCTION, NUTRITION, AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
28. ANS: D DIF: M
TOP: 14-5 FOOD PRODUCTION, NUTRITION, AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
29. ANS: C DIF: M
TOP: 14-5 FOOD PRODUCTION, NUTRITION, AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
30. ANS: A DIF: M
TOP: 14-5 FOOD PRODUCTION, NUTRITION, AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
31. ANS: D DIF: M
TOP: 14-5 FOOD PRODUCTION, NUTRITION, AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
32. ANS: C DIF: E TOP: 14-7 PRODUCING MORE MEAT
33. ANS: D DIF: M TOP: 14-7 PRODUCING MORE MEAT
34. ANS: B DIF: E
TOP: 14-8 CATCHING OR RAISING MORE FISH AND SHELLFISH
35. ANS: B DIF: E
TOP: 14-8 CATCHING OR RAISING MORE FISH AND SHELLFISH
36. ANS: C DIF: E
TOP: 14-8 CATCHING OR RAISING MORE FISH AND SHELLFISH
37. ANS: D DIF: M
TOP: 14-8 CATCHING OR RAISING MORE FISH AND SHELLFISH
38. ANS: E DIF: D TOP: 14-9 GOVERNMENT AGRICULTURAL POLICY
39. ANS: A DIF: M TOP: 14-10 SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
40. ANS: B DIF: M TOP: 14-10 SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE