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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

FOR UNIVERSAL INTERACTIONS


(SMART PHONE)

GAYATRI VIDYA PARISHAD COLLEGE OF


ENGINEERING

V.V.G.S.PRASAD C.VIVEK
Computer Science and engineering (¾ B.Tech) Computer Science and engineering (¾ B.Tech)
G.V.P.C.O.E G.V.P.C.O.E
Email id: saiprasad2908@gmail.com Email id: vivek.cse5b3@gmail.com
Contact no: 9966079992 Contact no: 9491443138
Abstract
models. Central to our architecture are the
In this paper, we present a hybrid communication capabilities
system architecture that allows users to incorporated in the Smart Phones. These
interact with embedded systems acted in phones have the unique feature of
their proximity using Smart Phones. We incorporating short-range wireless
have identified four models of interaction connectivity (e.g., Bluetooth) and Internet
between a Smart Phone and the surrounding connectivity (e.g., GPRS) in the same
environment: universal remote control, dual personal mobile device. This feature
connectivity, gateway connectivity, and together with significant processing power
peer-to-peer. Although each of these models and memory can turn a Smart Phone into the
has different characteristics, our architecture only mobile device that people will carry
provides a unique framework for all of the wherever they go.

Introduction:
Recent advances in technology make it finally arrive home or at the hotel, we
feasible to incorporate significant are “greeted” by several remote controls
processing power in almost every device eager to test our intelligence. All these
that we encounter in our daily life. These items are absolutely necessary for us to
embedded systems are heterogeneous, properly interact with our environment.
distributed everywhere in the The problem is that there are too many
surrounding environment, and capable of of them, they are sometimes heavy, and
communicating through wired or we will likely accumulate more and
wireless interfaces. Most of our daily more of them as our life go on, requiring
interactions with the surrounding much larger pockets.
environment are still primitive and far
from the ubiquitous computing vision. For this problem, the
Our pockets and bags are still jammed community does not lack innovative
with a bunch of keys for the doors we solutions that address some of its aspects
have to open/close daily (they did not (e.g., wireless micro servers, electronic
change much since the Middle Ages), payment methods and digitaldoor keys).
the car key or remote, access cards, What is missing is a simple, universal
credit cards, and money to pay for solution, which end-users are likely to
goods. Any of these forgotten at home accept easily. Ideally, we would like to
can turn the day into a nightmare. If we have a single device that acts as both
travel, we also need maps and travel personal server and personal assistant for
guides, coins to pay the parking in the remote interaction with embedded
city, and tickets to take the train or systems located in proximity of the user.
subway. In addition, we are always This device should be programmable
carrying our mobile phone, which for and support dynamic software
some mysterious reason is the least extensions for interaction with newly
likely to be left at home. When we
encountered embedded systems (i.e., interact with embedded systems located
dynamically loading new interfaces. in their proximity using a Smart Phone.
We have identified four models of
We believe that Smart interaction between a Smart Phone and
Phones are the devices that have the the surrounding environment: universal
greatest chance of successfully remote control, dual connectivity,
becoming universal remote controls for gateway connectivity, and peer-to-peer.
people to interact with various devices Central to our architecture are the hybrid
from their surrounding environment; communication capabilities incorporated
they will also replace all the different in the Smart Phones which allow them to
items we currently carry in our pockets. interact with the close-by environment
Smart Phone is an emerging mobile through short-range wireless networking
phone technology that supports Java and with the rest of the world through
program execution and provides both the Internet over cellular links. This
short range wireless connectivity feature together with significant
(Bluetooth) and cellular network processing power and memory can turn a
connectivity through which the Internet Smart Phone into the long awaited
can be accessed. universal personal assistant that can
make our daily life much simpler.
In this paper, we present
a system architecture that allows users to

An Embedded System:
The embedded system is a combination perform that process in time and again
of computer hardware, software and, endlessly.
perhaps, additional mechanical parts
design to perform a specific function. A It is important to note that
good example is an automatic washing all embedded systems do not have same
machine or microwave oven .Such a hardware and software, which is why
system is in direct contrast to a personal these systems perform varied tasks. It’s
computer, which not designed to do only even possible to have an embedded
a specific task. The PC aids you in system that does not contain any
drafting a letter, in computing at a faster processor and corresponding software to
rate in chatting with friends, and so on, run through it. In such system, called
but an embedded system is designed to hardwired systems, the hardware and
do a specific task with in a given time software is replaced with integrated
frame, repeatedly, endlessly, with or circuitry that performs a same
without human interaction. A PC is function .However, a lot of flexibility is
made up of numerous embedded lost when applications are implemented
systems, such as a keyboard, hard drive this way. It is much easier to change the
etc. The function of a simple modem is software code than to redevelop the
to convert analogue signals to digital hardware, for bringing about the small
signals, and vice versa. This means it changes in application for which the
must have a certain amount of logic to system has been designed.
Embedded Hardware:

All embedded systems need a micro systems store data and programs in
processor, and the kinds of different memories .This is simply
microprocessors using them are quite because embedded system does not have
varied. A list of some of the common an hard drive and the program must be
micro processor families are ZILOG Z8 stored in memory, even when the power
family, INTEL 8051/80188/X86 family. is turned off .This special memory that
An embedded system also needs remembers program even without
memory for two purposes – to store its power, is called ROM Very often this
program, and to store its data. Embedded systems have a serial port I/O interfaces,
or hard ware to interact with sensors

So an embedded system has a memory location within the memory sub


micro processor or micro controller for system or a specific peripheral chip. The
processing information, memory for data base is used to transfer data
storing embedded software programs between the processor and memory sub
and data and I/O interfaces for external system or peripheral devices the control
interfaces. The functional diagram is bus provides timing signals to
given above. synchronize the flow of data between the
processor and memory sub system or
The processor peripheral devices.
uses the address bus to select a specific

Embedded Software:
C has become the language of choice for
embedded programmers. The greatest Any source code written in C or
strength of C is that it gives embedded C++ or assembly must be converted into
programmers an extraordinary degree of an executable image that can be loaded
direct hardware control without onto a ROM chip. The process of
sacrificing the benefits of high level converting the source code
languages. Compilers and cross representation of your embedded
compilers are also available for almost software into an executable image
every processor with C. involves three distinct steps.
• Second, all of the object files that
result first step must be linked
into a final object file called the
relocatable program.
• Finally physical memory address
must be assigned to relocatable
program.
The result of the third step is a file that
contains an executable image that is
• First, each of the source files that ported on to the ROM chip. This ROM
make an embedded application chip, along with the processor and other
must be compiled or assembled devices and interfaces, makes an
into distinct object files. embedded system run.

Smart Phones Technology


With more than a billion mobile phones (e.g., Bluetooth), Internet connectivity
being carried around by consumers of (over GPRS), and various input-output
all ages, the mobile phone has become components (e.g., high-resolution color
the most pervasive pocket-carried touch screens, digital cameras, and MP3
device. We are beginning to see the players). Sony Ericsson P800/P900 runs
introduction of Smart Phones, such as a Symbian OS [12], an operating system
result of the convergence of mobile specifically designed for resource
phones and PDA devices. Unlike constrained devices such as mobile
traditional mobile phones, which have phones. Additionally, the phone has
limited processing power and act merely 16MB of internal memory and up to
as “dumb” conduits for passing voice or 128MB external flash memory. It runs a
data between the cellular network and version of MontaVista Linux. Bluetooth
end users, Smart Phones combine is a low-cost, low-power standard for
significant computing power with wireless connectivity. Today, we can
find Bluetooth chips embedded in PCs,
laptops, digital cameras, GPS devices,
Smart Phones, and a whole range of
other electronic devices. Bluetooth
supports point-to-point and point-to-
multipoint connections. We can actively
connect a Bluetooth device to up to
memory, short-range wireless interfaces seven devices simultaneously.
Smart Phone Interaction Models:
A Smart Phone can be applications from as simple as remotely
used to interact with the surrounding adjusting various controls of home
environment in different ways. We have appliances or opening smart locks to
identified four interaction models: complex applications such as
universal remote control, dual automatically booking a cab or
connectivity, gateway connectivity, and ordering/paying in a restaurant using an
peer-to-peer. With these models, a Smart ad hoc network of mobile phones to
Phone can be used to execute connect to the cashier’s computer.

System Architecture:
Our system architecture for universal • Internet Access Module carries out
interaction consists of a common the communication between the Smart
Smart Phone software architecture and Phone and various Internet servers. It
an interaction protocol. This protocol provides a well-defined API that
allows Smart Phones to interact with supports operations specific to our
the surrounding environment and the architecture (e.g., downloading an
Internet. Figure shows the Smart interface).
Phone software architecture. In the Proximity Engine is responsible for
following, we briefly describe the discovering the embedded systems
components of the software located within the Bluetooth
architecture communication range. Each time the
user wants to interact with one of these
Bluetooth Engine is responsible for systems, and an interface for this
communicating with the Bluetooth- system is not available locally (i.e., a
enabled embedded systems. It is miss in the Interface Cache), the
composed of sub-components for device Proximity Engine is responsible from
discovery and sending/receiving data. downloading such an interface.
Conclusions:
In this paper, we have discussed for models of interaction between a Smart
turning the Smart Phone into the device Phone and the surrounding environment.
that people carry in their pockets Central to this universal interaction
wherever they go. The Smart Phone can architecture is the dual connectivity
be used as both personal server that feature of Smart Phones, which allows
stores or downloads data that its user them to interact with the close-by
needs and personal assistant for remote environment through short-range
interaction with embedded systems wireless networking and with the rest of
located in the user’s proximity. To the world through the Internet over
achieve this vision, we have presented cellular.
unified system architecture for different
.

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