VI Sem.

BBM (HR), June-2010

Labour Welfare and Social Security

Section-A

Q-1(c) State the symptoms of stress.

Ans: Ref: B-37, Q-3(Only heading), 6th sem. BBM (HR), Ed-2010

Q-1(i) State any two need for counselling.

Ans: i) A firm may gain competitive advantages from Employee Counselling.
ii) Counselling improves confidence and self esteem.

Q-1(j) State any two factors responsible for growth of slums.

Ans: i) Rapid rates of growth of urban population.
ii) Rising share of urban population in total population.
iii) Growth of large metropolises and urban primacy.
iv) Problems of providing minimal urban infrastructure.
v) Issues of rural-urban labour transfer and employment.
vi) Linkages between urbanization and regional development issues.

Q-1(l) What is employees Deposit Linked Insurance Scheme?

Ans: Employee's Deposit Linked Insurance Scheme (EDLI), 1976 to provide for life
insurance for all their employees. The organization has to make a contribution @ 0.51% of
each employee's wages (Basic + Dearness Allowance + Retaining Allowance), subject to a
maximum of Rs.6,500 per month, to the Provident Fund Authorities as part of its compliance
to the Act.

Section-B

Q-2. Which are the agencies who are engaged in labour welfare in India?
Ans: i) Labour Welfare Activities by State Governments: State governments have also
played an important role in providing the welfare activities to labours in their state. States of
Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal are the leading states in organizing various
welfare activities.
Maharashtra: In 1939, Bombay government organised for the first time in the state the
Model Welfare Centres. In 1953, the government passed the Labour Welfare Fund Act and
transferred all welfare activities to the Bombay Labour Welfare Board constituted under the
act having representatives of employer’s independent persons and women. A welfare fund
consisting of underutilized fines and unpaid wages, donation etc., was set up. Labour welfare
boards maintain a member of labour welfare centres catering to the various welfare activities
for workers and their families. The State government also set up an Institute for training
Labour welfare officers for the factories in the state.

ii) Labour Welfare Activities by Employers: The welfare activities are being brought more
and more under the legislation rather than being left to the good sense of the employers. The
government has made certain facilities obligatory on the part of employers. The government
has made certain facilities obligatory on the path of employers under legislations. The
employers have limited financial resources and moreover their attitude towards labour is
apathetic. They consider the expenditure on labour welfare activities as waste of money
rather than an investment. Even so, some enlightened employers, on their own initiative, have
been doing a bit in the direction of welfare. They have provided medical aids, hospital and
dispensary facilities, canteens, fair prices shops, co-operative societies, recreation club etc.
these facilities are apart from their liability under various control of state legislations. The
Delhi Cloth and General Mills have an Employees Benefit Fund Trust managed by a Board
of trustees. This fund is financed by the contribution of a fixed percentage of the amount
distributed as dividend, unclaimed wages and fines etc.
iv) Labour Welfare Activities by Trade Unions: The welfare work undertaken by the trade
union agency is negligible because of lack of organisation and financial stringency. Only few
unions, like the Ahmadabad Textile Labour Associations, the Mazdoor Subha of Kanpur,
Indore Mill Mazdoor Sangh and Bank Employees Association, have devoted themselves to
welfare work. The Ahmadabad textile Labour association spends nearly 30 % of its income
on welfare activities.

Q-3. What are the objectives of social security?

Ans: The various objectives of social security are as follows:
i) To give individual confidence.
ii) To widen the complete quality of working and living life.
iii) To motivate the employees and boost their morale.
iv) To provide social and economic justice among members of the society.
v) To provide a scheme of old age pension.

Q-4. Explain briefly the features of stress.

Ans: The features of stress are as follows:
i) Stress is a feeling that is created when we react to particular events.
ii) It is the body's way of rising to a challenge and preparing to meet a tough situation with
focus, strength, stamina, and heightened alertness.
iii) It includes anything that makes us tense and angry.
iv) The body's stress response enhances a person's ability to perform well under pressure.
v) Stress may be positive or negative.
vi) Too much of stress affects our health and well being.

Q-5. Explain the problems of Industrial Housing in India.

Ans: The various problems of Industrial Housing in India are as follows:
i) High value of land and desire of the worked live in cities
ii) Complete neglect of sanitation.
iii) Absence of proper hygiene, pollution of Air and Soil.
iv) Houses are without proper ventilation and windows.
v) Narrow lances, houses are built close to each other.

Q-7. Explain briefly the duties of ESI Corporation.

Ans: The duties of ESI Corporation are:
i) The quality and quantity of benefits is as per norms and standards laid down by the
Corporation for the purpose.
ii) The benefits are made available within the given time frame to insured persons and
beneficiaries.
iii) No harassment is caused to the beneficiaries across the counter at the grass root level by
way of word or deed.
iv) All requisite information, procedural guidance etc. is made available to the beneficiaries
for claiming benefits.
v) All types of forms etc. are made available to the beneficiaries free of cost as may be
required by them for filing claims etc.
vi) No beneficiary is exploited at any level in any way in the process of delivery of benefits.
vii) Office hours as notified for ESIC/ESIS establishments are strictly adhered to by the staff
and displayed prominently so as to avoid any inconvenience being caused to the beneficiaries
in smooth flow of benefits.
viii) Drugs, dressings, injections etc. as prescribed by the authorised doctors are made
available timely.

Section-C

Q-14. What is drug abuse? Explain the preventive measure to control alcoholism and
drug abuse.
Ans: Drug abuse refers to a compulsive, excessive, and self-damaging use of habit forming
drugs or substances, leading to addiction or dependence, serious physiological injury (such as
damage to kidneys, liver, heart) and psychological harm (such as dysfunctional behaviour
patterns, hallucinations, memory loss), or death. Drug abuse makes central nervous system
effects, which produce changes in mood, levels of awareness or perceptions and sensations.
The preventive measure to control alcoholism and drug abuse:
Prevention measures aim to reduce alcohol abuse and its consequences. Such measures
include policies regulating alcohol-related behaviour on the one hand and community and
educational interventions seeking to influence drinking behaviour on the other.
i) Alcohol Taxes: Researchers find that alcohol taxes and prices affect alcohol consumption
and associated consequences. Studies demonstrate that increased beer prices lead to
reductions in the levels and frequency of drinking and heavy drinking among youth. Higher
taxes on beer are associated with lower traffic crash fatality rates, especially among young
drivers, and with reduced incidence of some types of crime. Research suggests that the
heaviest-drinking 5 percent of drinkers do not reduce their consumption significantly in
response to price increases, unlike drinkers who consume alcohol at lower levels.
ii) Raising the Minimum Legal Drinking Age (MLDA): MLDA legislation is intended to
reduce alcohol use among those under 21, to prevent traffic deaths, and to avoid other
negative outcomes. Raising the MLDA has been accompanied by reduced alcohol
consumption, traffic crashes, and related fatalities among those under 21. A nationwide study
found a significant decline in single-vehicle nighttimes (SVN) fatal crashes those most likely
to involve alcohol among drivers under 21 following increases in the MLDA.
iii) Zero-Tolerance Laws: The National Highway Systems Act provides incentives for all
States to adopt "zero-tolerance laws" that set maximum blood alcohol concentration (BAC)
limits for drivers under 21 to 0.02 percent or lower beginning October 1, 1998. An analysis of
the effect of zero-tolerance laws in the first 12 States enacting them found a 20-percent
relative reduction in the proportion of SVN fatal crashes among drivers under 21, compared
with nearby States that did not pass zero-tolerance laws.
iv) Administrative License Revocation Laws: Laws permitting the withdrawal of driving
privileges without court action have been adopted by 38 States to prevent traffic crashes
caused by unsafe driving practices, including driving with the legal limit. These laws were
associated with a 5-percent decline in nighttime’s fatal crashes in some studies. Other studies
observed six- to nine-percent reductions in nighttime’s fatal crashes following their adoption.
v) Server Liability: Alcohol servers are increasingly held liable for injuries and deaths from
traffic crashes following the irresponsible selling and serving of alcohol. Researchers
assessed the effect of potential server liability on the rates of alcohol-related fatal crashes in
Texas. SVN fatal traffic crashes decreased 6.5 percent after the filing of a major server-
liability court case in 1983 and decreased an additional 5.3 percent after a 1984 case was
filed. However, before concluding that server liability is effective, these results need
replication.
vi) Warning Labels: The mandated warning label on containers of alcoholic beverages aims
to inform and remind drinkers that alcohol consumption can result in birth defects, impaired
ability to drive a car or operate machinery, and health problems.
vii) The Saving Lives Program: The Saving Lives Program in six communities in
Massachusetts was designed to reduce drinking and driving and to promote safe driving
practices. Saving Lives involved the media, businesses, schools and colleges, citizens'
advocacy groups, and the police in activities such as high school peer-led education, college
prevention programs, increased liquor-outlet surveillance, and other efforts. Participating
communities reduced fatal crashes by 25 percent during the program years compared with the
rest of Massachusetts. The decline in alcohol-related fatal crashes was 42 percent greater in
Saving Lives communities than in comparison cities during the program years.