VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BELGAUM

SRI JAYACHAMARAJENDRA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

MYSORE-570006 (Autonomous)
Department of computer science and engineering

Project Title:
Photogrammetric based 2D Image to 3D Image conversion

Guidance of Under
Smt. Sheela N Implantaire Technologies Pvt. Ltd
Lecturer Mysore
Dept of CS&E,SJCE Mysore.

Team:
Name Roll No USN
Sharad D 3 4JC06CS089
Prabhakar Gouda 37 4JC07CS070
Prashanth Rao H J 38 4JC07CS072
Praveen Kumar 39 4JC07CS073
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 Initial Understanding Documentation
Table of Contents

1. Introduction............................................................................ 3
1.1 Purpose..................................................................................... 3
1.2 Scope........................................................................................ 3
1.3 Glossary.................................................................................... 4
1.4 Reference.................................................................................. 4
1.5 Users of the System.................................................................. 4

2. Requirements.......................................................................... 4

2.1 User Requirements.................................................................... 4

2.2 System Requirements................................................................ 5
2.3 Domain Requirements............................................................... 5
2.4 Functional Requirements........................................................... 5
2.5 Non-Functional Requirements.................................................... 6

3. Algorithm steps....................................................................... 6
4. Photogrammetry Algorithm Flow Diagram............................ 7
5. Data Flow Diagram for Software Development.................... 8

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 Software Requirements Specification for
Photogrammetric based 2D Image to 3D Image
conversion

1. Introduction
Photogrammetry is a 3-dimensional coordinate measuring technique that uses
photographs as the fundamental medium for metro-logy. The fundamental principle
used by photogrammetry is triangulation. By taking photographs from at least two
different locations, so-called "lines of sight" can be developed from each camera to
points on the object.
The Bundle Adjustment is the program that processes the photographic
measurements to produce the final XYZ coordinates of all the measured points. In
order to do this, it must Triangulate the target points, Reset the pictures and Self-
calibrate the camera. The Bundle Adjustment program is called STAR, which stands
for Self-Calibration, Triangulation and Resection.

1.1 Purpose
To develop consistent, robust, cost effective and user-friendly software that
converts 2D images to 3D using Photogrammetric algorithm. This is first version of
the software. The dominant design approach used would be
Function Oriented. The photographs taken from at least two different location are
undergoes to image processing in MATLab. To make software more user friendly we
are providing GUI based interface. The Front End makes system usage simple.

1.2 Scope
Aim of the project is to develop 3D image from 2D photographs. This project
make use of Photogrammetric technique. It is helpful in crime scene investigation
mapping using witness and crime zone software and surveys of historical
monuments. When litigation for accidents occurs and engineers make use of
photogrammetry to determine the exact deformation present in the vehicle.
This product is highly cost-effective and efficient in nature. Photogrammetry is
very efficient in measurement of properties of the object. The user can measure
length and breadth of the object to which direct make use of measuring tools is not
possible.
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This approach helps to shorten the process of 2D-to-3D conversion and its
performance is satisfactory.
1.3 Glossary
GUI Graphical User Interface.
MATLab Software system or a tool for Image processing.
OpenGL Computer Graphics development tool.
MP Mega Pixel(Camera resolution power).

1.4 References

[1] Wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photogrammetry

[2] Basics of Photogrammetry by Dr. Hamid Ebadi
[3] Digital Photogrammetry by E Tate
[4] IEEE Documentation Format for SRS
[5] Software Engineering slides by Prof. Ramasesha Mudigere

1.5 Users of the System

• Developers
• Project managers
• Marketing staff
• Users( End users)
• Testers
• Documentation writers

2. Requirements

2.1 User Requirements

1. The system should convert all types of images including JPEG, PNG,
GIF, BMP, TIFF etc.
2. The system should record the size and shape of the object for 3D
representation.

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2.2 System Requirements
1. The system will permit all users to search for a converted image by
type, name.
2. The user should be able to find out the details like image type,
image name.

2.3 Domain Requirements

1. There shall be a standard user interface to all the images that are
converted into 3D format.
2. Because of some restrictions, some images must be deleted
immediately after conversion. Depending on the user’s requirements
these images printed on the system either manually or automatically.

2.4 Functional Requirements

This project involves 4 distinct phase
1. Photogrammetry based 2D to 3D conversion which involves
1.1 Placing an object at the center and multiple photos of the image
is taken.
1.2 Photos are read in MATLab.
1.3 The similarity of the image portions are compared and joined at
appropriate place to get the image of the whole as 3D.
2. OpenGL Extensions for MATLab and Creation of 3D graphics from
measured points
2.1 3D image obtained from photogrammetric method contains all
the details of the image, it is possible to calculate size and shape of
the image.
2.2 Once size and shape is known it is converted into OpenGL
image.
3. Embedded Linux porting of MATLab and OpenGL code
3.1 Once the image is ready in OpenGL format it is possible to
port into Linux.
4. PC Side GUI Application Development for User Operation of
Scanner System
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4.1 It is GUI Front end Application for normal users to handle the
 above software.

2.5 Non Functional Requirements

1. Easy to use User interface.
2. Efficiency in analyzing.
3. Versatility in handling all types of images.

3. Algorithm steps

Step 1:
Collecting required number and type of images.

Step 2:
Conversion of image into binary representation format
using MATLab

Step 3:
Label the connected component of the image.

Step 4:
Identify the 3D co-ordinate point using bundle
adjustment and Triangulation.

Step 5:
Approximation of orientation and position of the camera .

Step 6:
Finally reconstruct 3D image from co-ordinate points.

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4. Photogrammetry Algorithm Flow Diagram

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5. Data Flow Diagram for Software Development