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N
− 1
xN = xi [7]
N i =1
The variation of internal energy with temperature is Plot [2] shows the variation of order parameter with
shown in plot [1]. As the temperature increases the temperature. At higher temperature the system is
energy of the system increases. The effect of varying the characterized by a near zero order parameter confirming
system size doesn’t get reflected in the behavior of the presence of disordered phase. Now as the
internal energy. For 1D model the lowest energy per temperature decreases the system moves into the ordered
particle possible in completely ordered state is E = -1 and state gradually with the order parameter approaching the
this can be seen from the plot. At higher temperature the value of unity at T = 0.0. In the plot there is no
system loses the order and the energy of the resulting confirmatory presence of an ordered phase for a distinct
random configuration approaches E ≈ 0.0 as seen in the finite temperature regime. This gives us an indication
plot. that the 1D Heisenberg model doesn’t have phase
transition, also this can be verified by seeing the specific
heat plot.
Dependence of order parameter on the system size is
observed in the plots. However for all the sizes the
monotonic increase of order parameter is observed with
decrease in temperature.
Magnetic Susceptibility
Plot [4] shows the variation of magnetic susceptibility
with temperature. Magnetic susceptibility was calculated
using the eqn [9]. This plot also shows the effects of
finite sizes of smaller systems. For smaller system sizes
(N = 10, 20, 40) the magnetic susceptibility curve show
indication of a peak close to T = 0.0, but as the system
size is further increased to N = 80 this apparent peak
disappears. This gives us an indication that the system
Plot [2]: Temperature variation of Order Parameter with
varying Lattice Sizes doesn’t undergo phase transition.
Specific Heat
From eqn [8] the specific heat can be calculated for the
equilibrated ensemble for various system sizes. Plot [3]
shows the variation of specific heat with temperature for
various system sizes.
N
χ= m2 [10]
k BT
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