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Internship Report
Khwaja Muhammad Falik

2007112-FES
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I would like to acknowledge the Internship organizing staff of Mr. Faisal
Kamran who helped me attain the internship in the first place.

Furthermore, the team leads Mr. Naseer and Mr.Jehangir as well as all the
Field Engineers that I had the opportunity of working with; all played a huge
part in helping me grab a grip on the core concepts of the drive testing of sites.
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!  (PTCL) is the largest

telecommunication company in Pakistan. This company provides telephony
services to the nation and still holds the status of backbone for country's
telecommunication infrastructure despite arrival of a dozen other telcoms
including telecom giants like Telenor and China Mobile . The company
consists of around 2000 telephone exchanges across country providing largest
fixed line network. GSM, CDMA and Internet are other resources of PTCL,
making it a gigantic organization. The Government of Pakistan sold 26%
shares and control of the company to Etisalat in 2006. The Government of
Pakistan retained 62% of the shares while the remaining 12% are held by the
general public.

PTCL is also part of the consortium of three major Submarine communication

cable networks: SEA-ME-WE 3, SEA-ME-WE 4 and I-ME-WE. In addition to
wireless line operations, PTCL also provides fixed line service through its
countrywide CDMA based WLL (Wireless Local Loop) network, under the
Vfone brand name. In the cellular segment, the second largest cellular
provider in Pakistan, Ufone, is also a wholly owned subsidiary of PTCL.

It hopes to be the leading Information and Communication Technology

Service Provider in the region by achieving customer satisfaction and
maximizing shareholders' value.

The company has over 15.5 million mobile subscribers under the name
DzUfonedz and more than 4.8 million fixedline customers. PTCL also continues to
be the largest CDMA operator in the country P with approximately 1.25
million V-fone customers. PTCL also offers mobile services under the Ufone
brand to millions of customers across Pakistan. PTCL has the potential to be
an instrumental agent in Pakistanǯs economic growth, having laid Optical
Fibre Access Network technologies in major metropolitan centres of Pakistan.
PTCL is also modernising local loop services from copper to an optical
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network. PTCL is expanding its international capacity to meet the increasing

demand of international traffic by acquiring supplementary capacity on the
two SEA-ME-WE intercontinental cabling routes.

 is a leading telecom solutions provider. Through continuous

customer-centric innovation, we have established end-to-end advantages in
Telecom Network Infrastructure, Application & Software, Professional
Services and Devices. With comprehensive strengths in wireline, wireless and
IP technologies, Huawei has gained a leading position in the All-IP
convergence age. Their products and solutions have been deployed in over
100 countries and have served 45 of the world's top 50 telecom operators, as
well as one third of the world's population.

Also, they have established 17 R&D centers around the world such as in the
Silicon Valley and Dallas of the United States, Stockholm in Sweden, Moscow
in Russia and Bangalore in India to ensure global R&D with outstanding
people.

In addition, we have 36 training centers worldwide to help out customers and

local people to study advanced management, technologies and so on.


 
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PTCL is a subcontractor of Huawei and it does most of

their field work for Huawei on the sites locally.

The PTA conducted a survey in 2007 whereby they wanted to study the
QoS(Quality of Service) of the WLL(Wireless Local Loop). The survey was
conducted in eight major cities in the country. The results of the survey
showed that PTCL scored highest with 98.33% a good 2.5 % ahead of its
closest rival on the Service Availability test.

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! * is a leading global provider of telecom equipment and networking
solutions operating in more than 140 countries, servicing 59 of the worldǯs
top 100 telecom operators. It offers a wide choice of products ranging from
voice, data, multimedia and wireless broadband services. Founded in 1985,
ZTE is Chinaǯs largest listed telecom equipment company and trades on both
the Shenzhen and Hong Kong stock exchanges

Through its vast global network of 70,000 employees ZTE aims to satisfy
customer requirements in their pursuit for reliable and innovated products
via a suite of wireless, wired, business and terminal offerings. ZTE has been
recognized for its products and services and has secured a number of high
rankings around the world. In 2009, it was ranked fourth in the shipment of
wireless communication products.

In terms of CDMA product shipments, it secured the No.1 global position four
years in a row, and was ranked second in the world when it came to the
shipment of fixed network broadband access products. It has held third place
in the world for the shipment of optical networks. In fact, the accumulated
shipment of handsets reached more than 200 million units as ZTE serves all
the leading operators in Europe, North America and Japan. ZTE is dedicated
to creating value for customers and to remain a cutting-edge provider with
innovative and technologically advanced systems. The company has 15 global
R&D centers in the U.S, France, Sweden, India and China. It employs 25,000
researchers around the world, developing new and innovative products
covering more than 30,000 issued and pending patents.

ZTEǯs products and solutions can be found in over 140 countries, servicing 59
of the worldǯs top 100 telecom operators. ZTE is a member of the United
Nations Global Compact and is committed to sustainable development
throughout the world. The company uses technology to help people in
different regions enjoy the rapidly evolving world of communication. It also
pays special attention to sustainable work practices throughout the lifecycle
of its products Ȃ from R&D to production, to logistics and through to customer
service.

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ZTE has the widest and most complete product range in the world covering
virtually every sector of the wire line, wireless, service and terminals markets.
The company delivers innovative, custom-made products and services to over
500 operators in more than 140 countries, helping them to achieve continued
revenue growth and to shape the future of the worldǯs communications.
Besides its established cooperation with top Chinese telecoms players
including China Mobile, China Telecom and China Unicom in China, the
company also has developed long-term partnerships with industry-leading
operators including PTCL, France Telecom, Vodafone, among others.

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Huawei's CDMA solutions now serve over 60 million users worldwide as a

result of the company's strong customer-centric focus and success over the
past 10 years in the CDMA business. Huawei says it actively invests and
participates in CDMA standards and technology research, contributing
significantly to the development of Ultra Mobile Broadband architecture. The
company accounted for 14% of UMB patents filed as of December 2006.

Huawei also retained its global market share leadership in CDMA WLL
(Wireless Local Loop) in 2006. The company provides universal services for
68 percent of CDMA WLL users and 65% of CDMA 450 users throughout the
world. Major CDMA operators such as Skylink in Russia, Telmex in Mexico
have adopted the advanced Huawei CDMA 450/WLL solutions to achieve
flexible coverage, and delivery of abundant high speed data services.

Huawei says its innovative "5 carriers" technology realizes the S5/5/5
configuration of CDMA BTS, a breakthrough from the limitation of inherent "3
carriers", which increases the capacity of Huawei's industry-leading CDMA
BTS by 67% through higher integration, thus reducing the number of BTS
base station required for carriers. The advance in CDMA technology has
helped Huawei to secure a number of contract wins from top tier carriers
throughout the world.

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The WLL department deals with the installation of the CDMA2000 system.
The engineers here are asked to make feasibility reports of various sites. The
installation of the hardware then ensues when the feasibility of the system is
suitable in the region. The engineers in this department have the job of
contacting the contractors who then survey the area and try to make a
minimum financial estimate for the installation of the hardware. This is
primarily why this department is chosen for fresh internees, so that they can
grasp a good idea about the workings and ins & outs of the CDMA2000
system. Some terms that I had to acquaint to during my internship with PTCL
are listed below:

 & Is an abbreviation for a Wireless Local Loop. It is a term for the use of a
wireless communications link as the "last mile / first mile" connection for
delivering plain old telephone service (POTS) and/or broadband Internet to
telecommunications customers. Various types of WLL systems and
technologies exist. During my internship at PTCL, I had to work with
Broadband Wireless Access (BWA). Other terms for this type of access include
Radio In The Loop (RITL), Fixed-Radio Access (FRA) and Fixed Wireless
Access (FWA).

×$+++&
(also known as IMT Multi-Carrier (IMT-MC)) is a family of 3G

mobile technology standards, which use CDMA channel access, to send voice,
data, and signaling data between mobile phones and cell sites. The set of
standards includes: CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO Rev. 0, CDMA2000 EV-
DO Rev. A, and CDMA2000 EV-DO Rev. B. All are approved radio interfaces for
the ITU's IMT-2000. CDMA2000 has a relatively long technical history and is
backward-compatible with its previous 2G iteration IS-95 (CDMA One). In the
United States, ^
 is a registered trademark of the
Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA-USA). The successor to
CDMA2000 is LTE, part of the competing 3GPP family

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â#&
A ,
  -
  or cell site is a piece of equipment that
facilitates wireless communication between user equipment (UE) and a
network. UEs are devices like mobile phones (handsets), WLL phones,
computers with wireless internet connectivity, WiFi and WiMAX gadgets etc.
The network can be that of any of the wireless communication technologies
like GSM, CDMA, WLL, WAN, WiFi, WiMAX etc. BTS is also referred to as the
Y
   (RBS), 

(in 3G Networks) or, simply, the   
(BS). For discussion of the LTE standard the abbreviation 
for enhanced
node B is widely used.

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The base station controller (BSC) provides, classically, the    

behind the BTSs. Typically a BSC has tens or even hundreds of BTSs under its
control. The BSC handles allocation of radio channels, receives measurements
from the mobile phones, and controls handovers from BTS to BTS (except in
the case of an inter-BSC handover in which case control is in part the
responsibility of the anchor MSC). A key function of the BSC is to act as a
concentrator where many different low capacity connections to BTSs (with
relatively low utilization) become reduced to a smaller number of connections
towards the mobile switching center (MSC) (with a high level of utilization).
Overall, this means that networks are often structured to have many BSCs
distributed into regions near their BTSs which are then connected to large
centralized MSC sites.

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The !, 
  
  (MSC) is the primary service delivery
node for GSM/CDMA, responsible for routing voice calls and SMS as well as
other services (such as conference calls, FAX and circuit switched data).

The MSC sets up and releases the end-to-end connection, handles mobility and
hand-over requirements during the call and takes care of charging and real
time pre-paid account monitoring.

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In the GSM mobile phone system, in contrast with earlier analogue services,
fax and data information is sent directly digitally encoded to the MSC. Only at
the MSC is this re-coded into an "analogue" signal (although actually this will
almost certainly mean sound encoded digitally as PCM signal in a 64-kbit/s
timeslot, known as a DS0 in America).

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The ,
 
,! (â##) is the section of a traditional cellular

telephone network which is responsible for handling traffic and signaling
between a mobile phone and the network switching subsystem. The BSS
carries out transcoding of speech channels, allocation of radio channels to
mobile phones, paging, transmission and reception over the air interface and
many other tasks related to the radio network.

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×-  is a preliminary mobile communication standard,

formally submitted as candidate 4G systems to ITU-T in the fall 2009, and
expected to be finalized in 2011. It is standardized by the 3rd Generation
Partnership Project (3GPP) as a major enhancement of the pre-4G 3GPP Long
Term Evolution (LTE) standard.

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The main purpose of the Internship was to acquaint myself with the Technical
aspects of various CDMA modulation techniques and to gain familiarization
with its related machinery.

The initial weeks at the internship were full of curriculum studying and small-
scale discussions between me and Mr Naseer who helped clarify any
confusion that we might have had with regards to the material of study.

During the last few weeks of my Internship, I got the chance to visit various
sites where I helped them install and perform different tests on BTS units.

Apart from just going to the fields to gain hands on experience of unit
installation, the engineers explained the architecture of the BTS units and how
the various hardware devices are connected together. Add to that, the
descriptions of how the system employs itself in case of power failure and
emergencies.

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