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FORKTAIL 16 (2000): 131-146

Birds of oak forests in the Kumaon Himalaya,


Uttar Pradesh, India
AISHA SULTANA and JAMAL A. KHAN

We surveyed 19 patches of oak forests in three districts of the Kumaon Himalaya to document the
status of birds from April 1995 to July 1997. Totals of 203, 85 and 84 species of birds were
recorded by using species richness counting, point counts and line transect methods respectively.
Totals of 182, 81 and 162 bird species were recorded from Almora, Nainital and Pithoragarh
districts respectively. These, together with records from other relevant published sources, have
been combined to produce a checklist of 382 bird species for the Kumaon Himalaya. It is
recommended that further surveys should be conducted in Almora and Nainital districts.

INTRODUCTION STUDY AREA

The oak forests in the Kumaon Himalaya, Uttar Pradesh The surveys were conducted in three districts i.e.
have been studied in detail by plant ecologists (Saxena Almora, Nainital and Pithoragarh of the Kumaon
and Singh 1982, Saxena et al. 1985, Singh and Singh Himalaya (28°43'55" and 30°30'12"N latitude and
1986). However, very little current information exists 78°44'30" and 80°45'E longitude). We covered 19 oak
on major animal communities (e.g. avian, mammalian patches of different sizes during these surveys (Fig. 1)
etc.) which inhabit oak forests in the Kumaon Himalaya. between an altitudinal range of 1,200 to 3,500 m (Table
Therefore, we carried out extensive surveys in extant 1). The Kumaon Himalaya are mountainous and
oak patches to document the status of birds from April divisible into subtropical (300 to 1,500 m), temperate
1995 to July 1997. (1,500 to 3,500 m) and alpine (>3,500 m) zones (Saxena

Figure 1. Location of sites covered during surveys in the Kumaon Himalaya (for site
names, see Table 1)
132 AISHA SULTANA & JAMAL A. KHAN Forktail 16 (2000)

Table 1. Sites covered during bird surveys in the Kumaon from 07h00-08h30 in the morning and 16h00-17h30
Himalaya in the evening. Bird species were recorded within a radius
of 20 m. This was followed by sampling of birds by line
Site name Code Patch Altitudinal
size range transect and species richness counting methods in the
Naini Tal Binsar Wildlife Sanctuary. Six line transects, each 500
Kunjakharak 1 14.5 1900-2500 m in length and 500 m apart, were monitored from
Vinayak 2 15.32 1900-2400 07h00-09h00 to census the birds. There were nine
Mukteshwar 3 11.75 1500-2400 monitoring sessions of each transect. A total of 71 bird
Gager 4 3.25 1700-2300 lists were compiled in Binsar using the species richness
Maheshkhan 5 22 1900-2300 counting method. Each list consisted of only 20
Almora consecutive different bird species seen. No species was
Jageshwer 6 21 1800-2300 included more than once on each list. This was followed
Sitlakhet 7 11.25 1700-2200 by the sampling of the bird communities in five oak
Pandavkholi 8 13.23 1800-2500
patches of the Askot Wildlife Sanctuary, using the species
Ranikhet 9 3 1880-2100
Sundardunga 10 25.75 2500-3500
richness counting method, and a total of 54 bird lists
Pindari 11 21.5 2500-3500
were compiled.
Lahur 12 49.5 2100-3000 During surveys in the pre-monsoon season of 1997,
Binsar 13 11.25 1600-2500 birds were sampled by monitoring of 121 points and by
Pithoragarh compiling 110 lists in different localities of the Kumaon
Dhaphiadhura 14 34.36 1200-2500 Himalaya. The points were established randomly at each
Majhtham 15 25 1300-3200 site and monitored for 20 minutes only as more than
Duku 16 52 1290-2700 one point was monitored per day. Birds were counted
Sobala 17 28.12 1900-3500 within a fixed radius of 20 m. The points were separated
Munsiyari 18 30.5 2300-3000 by a minimum distance of at least 100 m. At each point,
Mechh 19 23.25 1800-2200 data were collected on the following parameters:
1. Bird species
et al. 1985). The vegetation in the Kumaon Himalaya is 2. Group size, sex (if identifiable)
predominantly forest, and mostly belongs to moist 3. Radial distance and vertical distance
temperate type (Champion and Seth 1968). There are 4. Activity
five main forest types found in the whole of the Kumaon 5. Tree species
Himalaya. These are sal forests (found up 1,200 m),
pine forests (1,200-2,400 m), oak forests (1,300-3,200 6. Portion of the tree which was used by bird (upper
m), mixed broadleaf forest (foothills to 3,300 m) and canopy, middle canopy, lower canopy, stem) and
Betula utilis forest (3,200-3,500 m). The major tree ground
species found in different sites included Quercus
leucotrichophora, Q. lanata, Q. floribunda, Q. semecarpifolia, Data analysis
Tsuga dumosa and Rhododendron arboreum, in association The total number of species for each site was calculated
with Vibur num species, Myr ica esculenta, Alnus by adding the number of different species cumulatively
nepaulensis, Swida oblonga, Lyonia ovalifolia, Persea duthieii from either point counts or from different lists compiled
and Lindera pulcherrima. The dominant shrub species in the area. All bird records from point counts, line
were Myrsine africana, Arundinaria species, Berberis transect monitoring and species lists were pooled
aristata, Rubus species, Daphnae species, Mahonia together to prepare a combined checklist for all surveyed
nepaulensis and Pyracantha species. sites. All individual sightings of birds were pooled for
each locality and bird species were ranked according to
following abundance categories:
METHODOLOGY
1= rare (0-5 sightings)
2= common (6-25 sightings)
Sampling of birds
3= abundant (26-50 sightings)
The sampling of bird communities was initiated in 4= very abundant (>50 sightings)
Ranikhet region in the pre-monsoon season of 1995,
followed by a survey and intensive study in the Binsar The species abundance scores for each site were
Wildlife Sanctuary in Almora district in the pre- summed together to calculate mean rank abundance
monsoon season of 1996. During the post-monsoon score for a species reflecting its overall abundance for
season of 1996, surveys were carried out in the Askot the Kumaon Himalaya. The values of mean rank
Wildlife Sanctuary in Pithoragarh district, and these abundance varied between 0 to 2.5. The total number
were followed by surveys in the whole of the Kumaon of bird species were also classified according to their
Himalaya during the pre-monsoon season of 1997. feeding guild and status following Ali and Ripley (1987),
The species richness counting method (MacKinnon using the guild classification suggested by Karr (1971).
and Phillipps 1993), point count method (Bibby et al.
1992) and line transect method (Emlen 1971) were used
for sampling birds in oak patches. The study was initiated RESULTS
in Ranikhet where 21 points were established in oak
forest. The points were randomly established, with a Table 2 provides the number of bird species sampled
minimum interval of 100-150 m and were monitored by different methods. A total of 203, 85 and 84 species
Forktail 16 (2000) Birds of oak forests in the Kumaon Himalaya, Uttar Pradesh, India 133

Table 2. The number of species recorded at different sites in the Table 3 provides the classification of 197 bird species
Kumaon Himalaya by different sampling methods according to their feeding guilds. The highest number
(58.6%) of birds belonged to the insectivorous guild
Sites SRCM PC LT
N NS N NS N NS
and the lowest number (2.4%) to the nectarivorous guild
Nainital
in the bird community in the Kumaon Himalaya. At
Kunjakharak 4 39 8 22 district level the contribution of insectivorous birds
Vinayak 3 35 8 12 varied slightly and was highest in Almora district
Mukteshwar 4 42 8 21 (65.3%) and lowest in Pithoragarh district (59.4%). The
Gager 3 39 4 13 birds were also classified according to their status in the
Maheshkhan 5 49 8 29 Kumaon Himalayas (Table 4). The contribution of
Total 19 78 36 35 resident birds was maximum (81.7%) in the community
and it varied very little between the three districts.
Almora
Jageshwer 11 70 9 34
Sitlakhet 5 57 4 21
DISCUSSION
Pandavkholi 3 44 4 15
Ranikhet - - 78 62
Sundardunga 18 108 4 7 The Kumaon Himalaya have been explored relatively
Pindari 8 73 12 22 poorly as far as bird communities are concerned. There
Lahur 6 53 8 22 are about 55 published accounts of birds from the
Binsar 71 154 - - 54 84 Kumaon Himalayas. The most important of these were
Total 122 185 119 75 54 84 those by Hudson (1930), who documented 124 bird
species occurring on seven hills around Nainital between
Pithoragarh 6,000 and 8,500 ft; Briggs (1931), who documented 83
Dhaphiadhura 34 111 8 28 bird species in Ranikhet forest, and Tak (1995), who
Majhtham 4 49 9 29 documented 127, 94 and 82 species of birds from
Duku 9 86 6 16 Nainital, Almora and Pithoragarh districts respectively.
Sobala 31 117 12 20
The present study covered the same area in Ranikhet,
Munsiyari 5 58 4 14
as well as the same period of the year as that of Briggs
Mechh 3 41 4 9
Total 86 160 43 40
(1931), who also observed the birds in the Cantonment
forests lying between Chobatia and Dhobi Ghat Nullah
Overall total 254 203 198 85 54 84 in Ranikhet. We have compared the birds recorded in
the present study with that of Briggs (1931) for Ranikhet
SRCM = Species richness counting method, PC = Point count, forest only. Out of 83 birds recorded in 1931 and 114
LT = Line transect, N = Number of bird lists, points or transects,
NS = Number of bird species birds in 1995, there are 68 common species, 15 species
are exclusive to 1931 and 46 species were recorded only
in 1995. The exclusive birds in 1931 include the Golden
Table 3. The bird species sampled in different districts of the Eagle Aquila chrysaetos, Collared Falconet Microhierax
Kumaon Himalaya according to their feeding guild caerulescens, Velvet-fronted Nuthatch Sitta frontalis and
Long-billed Vulture Gyps indicus. It is surprising that
District I G F O C N many species found to be quite common in Ranikhet in
Nainital 51 4 4 10 6 3 1995, such as Grey-headed Woodpecker Picus canus,
Almora 110 15 11 25 19 5 Lesser Yellownape P. chlorolophus, and four leaf warblers
Pithoragarh 103 9 10 19 15 4
Phylloscopus were not found at all by Briggs (1931).
Overall total 119 18 14 28 19 5
Briggs made observations on birds for a period of 42
days only, and it is likely that he missed many species
that we recorded in our sampling. We feel that more
Table 4. Bird species according to their status in three districts of
the Kumaon Himalaya
work is required in the Kumaon Himalaya, especially in
Nainital and Almora districts for a more comprehensive
District R RM M V
comparison of status of several species such as Cheer
Nainital 65 10 3 - Pheasant Catreus wallichii and Himalayan Monal
Almora 151 26 8 - Lophophorus impejanus.
Pithoragarh 130 23 7 - One of the major objectives of our two years study
Overall 166 27 10 - on the bird communities was to evaluate the different
sampling methods. The line transect (Emlen 1971) and
R = Resident, R/M = Resident/migratory, M = Migrant, V = Vagrant
point count methods (Bibby et al. 1992) have been used
very extensively to sample bird communities. We initially
thought of using the line transect method in the Kumaon
were sampled by compiling 254 bird lists, monitoring Himalaya, considering its robustness and ease in
of 198 points and 54 line transects in three districts of computation. However, there were no previous studies
the Kumaon Himalaya, respectively. A total of 197 providing an indication of the efficiency of the method
species and other casual records of birds have been in sampling birds, except our own efforts in Ranikhet,
combined to produce a comprehensive checklist of 222 where birds were sampled by using point counts as well
bird species, along with information on altitude, status as the line transect method, in 1995. We compared the
and mean abundance values of each species for the whole proportion of birds sampled on point counts as well as
of the Kumaon Himalaya (Appendix).
134 AISHA SULTANA & JAMAL A. KHAN Forktail 16 (2000)

on line transects with that of our checklist of birds of Champion, H. G. and Seth, S. K. (1968) A revised survey of the forest
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Aisha Sultana and Jamal A. Khan*, Conservation Ecology Research Group, Centre of Wildlife & Ornithology, Aligarh
Muslim University, Aligarh-202 002, India.

APPENDIX

Bird species recorded in Kumaon during surveys from 1995-1997 and by other authors

S PECIES Altitudinal Almora Nainital Pithoragarh


range (m) Localities Other refs Localities Other refs Localities Other refs
(1995-1997
surveys)
C HUKAR 1800 I, S T&S
Alectoris chukar Wacchum
BLACK F RANCOLIN 1600-1800 3, 10 B, T, W H, I, K&S, 2 An, T, T&S
Francolinus francolinus M, R, T
HILL PARTRIDGE 2000-2400 3,,11, N 18 H, I, K&S, T, Y 2,5-7
Arborophila torqueola 12,14
HIMALAYAN QUAIL K&S
Ophrysia superciliosa
WESTERN TRAGOPAN Gray
Tragopan melanocephalus
S ATYR TRAGOPAN 2800-3100 6 I
Tragopan satyra
KOKLASS PHEASANT 1800-2600 3,6,14 G&H, Gr, H, I, K&S, M, 2,8 Br, T
Pucrasia macrolopha L, T, W T, Y, Yo
HIMALAYAN MONAL 2600-3200 6 T, W I, T T
Lophophorus impejanus
RED JUNGLEFOWL T H, T Br, T
Gallus gallus
KALIJ PHEASANT 1800-2500 3,6,10-12, Ah, O, T, W 1,13, Ahm, H, I, K&S, 2-9 Br, T, T&S
Lophura leucomelanos 14,15 16-18 Si, T, Y, Yo
C HEER PHEASANT 2500 11 Ha, Il, W H, I, K&S,
Catreus wallichii Ra, T, Yo
136 AISHA SULTANA & JAMAL A. KHAN Forktail 16 (2000)

S PECIES Altitudinal Almora Nainital Pithoragarh


range (m) Localities Other refs Localities Other refs Localities Other refs
I NDIAN PEAFOWL T T T
Pavo cristatus
M ALLARD H, T
Anas platyrhynchos
S PECKLED PICULET 2200 G K&S 5
Picumnus innominatus
G REY- CAPPED PYGMY WOODPECKER W K&S T
Dendrocopos canicapillus
B ROWN- FRONTED W OODPECKER 1800-2200 3,,10, Br, G, T, W 16,17 H, K&S, 4-9
Dendrocopos auriceps 11,14 M, Sr, T
F ULVOUS - BREASTED W OODPECKER K&S
Dendrocopos macei
YELLOW- CROWNED W OODPECKER B, T K&S
Dendrocopos mahrattensis
RUFOUS - BELLIED WOODPECKER 2100-2700 3,6,11,15 G, W 1,13,16,17 Ah, Br, K&S, O 2-9
Dendrocopos hyperythrus
H IMALAYAN WOODPECKER 1800-2100 3,6,10-12, Br, G, T, W 13,17 Ah, Br, H, I, 2-9 T
Dendrocopos himalayensis 14,15 K&S, Si, Sr
RUFOUS WOODPECKER K
Celeus brachyurus
L ESSER YELLOWNAPE 1800-2200 3,19 G K&S
Picus chlorolophus
G REATER YELLOWNAPE 1700-2400 3,8 Ko, K&S 2,8 T&S, Whym
Picus flavinucha
S TREAK - THROATED WOODPECKER O K&S T
Picus xanthopygaeus
S CALY- BELLIED WOODPECKER 1800-2400 3,10,11, G, T, W H, K&S, M, 2,8,7
Picus squamatus 14,19 Sr, T
G REY- HEADED WOODPECKER 1800-2500 3,10-12, G, W 16-18 K&S 2,4,8-9 T
Picus canus 14
B LACK- RUMPED F LAMEBACK T
Dinopium benghalense
G REATER FLAMEBACK W K&S
Chrysocolaptes lucidus
G REAT BARBET 1800-2600 3,6,10, B, G, T, W 1,16,18 Ah, H, I, K&S, 2,5,8,9 T&S
Megalaima virens 11,19 Si, Sr, T, Y
B ROWN- HEADED B ARBET M T
Megalaima zeylanica
LINEATED BARBET K&S
Megalaima lineata
B LUE- THROATED BARBET 2100 W K&S 4
Megalaima asiatica
C OPPERSMITH BARBET S T
Megalaima haemacephala
INDIAN GREY HORNBILL K&S
Ocyceros birostris
G REAT HORNBILL H
Buceros bicornis
C OMMON H OOPOE 1800-2200 3,11,14 Br, T, W M, Si, Sr, T 8,9 T&S
Upupa epops
I NDIAN ROLLER 800 Jauljivi T, T&S
Coracias benghalensis
D OLLARBIRD W Sh
Eurystomus orientalis
C OMMON KINGFISHER W H, M
Alcedo atthis
W HITE- THROATED KINGFISHER 1000 T H, M, Sr T&S
Halcyon smyrnensis Salyani
C RESTED KINGFISHER W H, I, T T, T&S
Megaceryle lugubris
PIED KINGFISHER 12300 M
Ceryle rudis Bearsinghia
B LUE - BEARDED B EE -EATER K&S
Nyctyornis athertoni
G REEN BEE- EATER M, S T
Merops orientalis
C HESTNUT -HEADED BEE -EATER 2100 Si 9 T&S
Merops leschenaulti
PIED CUCKOO Br, W
Clamator jacobinus
C HESTNUT- WINGED CUCKOO I
Clamator coromandus
Forktail 16 (2000) Birds of oak forests in the Kumaon Himalaya, Uttar Pradesh, India 137

S PECIES Altitudinal Almora Nainital Pithoragarh


range (m) Localities Other refs Localities Other refs Localities Other refs
LARGE HAWK CUCKOO 2000-2500 3, 10, H, T, Y 2,7
Hierococcyx sparverioides 11,14
INDIAN CUCKOO 1900-2400 3,6,10,12 B, T, W 4,8
Cuculus micropterus
E URASIAN CUCKOO 1800-2400 3,6,11,12 B, Br, T, W H, I, T 7
Cuculus canorus
O RIENTAL CUCKOO B, T, W H, T
Cuculus saturatus
ASIAN KOEL Br, T
Eudynamys scolopacea
G REATER COUCAL I, S
Centropus sinensis
ALEXANDRINE PARAKEET K&S
Psittacula eupatria
ROSE-RINGED PARAKEET 900 M T
Psittacula krameri Baram
S LATY- HEADED PARAKEET 1800-2400 3,14 G, R, T, W 13 Ah, Br, H, K&S, 2-5,8 T, T&S
Psittacula himalayana M, Sr, T
PLUM- HEADED PARAKEET 1800-2200 3,10,14 T I, K&S, S, T T, T&S
Psittacula cyanocephala
RED - BREASTED PARAKEET 2300 13 Br, K&S
Psittacula alexandri
HIMALAYAN SWIFTLET T&S
Collocalia brevirostris
WHITE- THROATED NEEDLETAIL 2000-2600 6,11,14 ?Sr 4,5,9
Hirundapus caudacutus
WHITE- RUMPED N EEDLETAIL 1800-2400 3,11,15,19 8,7
Zoonavena sylvatica
ASIAN PALM SWIFT 2000-2500 3,6 8,7
Cypsiurus balasiensis
ALPINE SWIFT 1900-2600 3,6,11 R, T H, K&S, Sr, T 5,8 Koe: Rathi
Tachymarptis melba
COMMON SWIFT 1800-2400 3
Apus apus
FORK- TAILED SWIFT 1900 ?W
Apus pacificus Salyani
HOUSE SWIFT Br, R, T, W Br, H, K&S, T T&S
Apus affinis
MOUNTAIN SCOPS OWL B, G, T H, T
Otus spilocephalus
COLLARED SCOPS OWL 2000
Otus bakkamoena Salyani
SPOT-BELLIED EAGLE OWL T&S
Bubo nipalensis
TAWNY FISH OWL Br
Ketupa flavipes
BROWN WOOD OWL 1800-2400 3 ?W H 2
Strix leptogrammica
TAWNY OWL H, T
Strix aluco
C OLLARED OWLET 1800-2500 3 R, T 16 H, K&S, Si, T, Y 2,8,9
Glaucidium brodiei
ASIAN BARRED OWLET 2000 G H, K&S, M, T T&S
Glaucidium cuculoides Salyani
JUNGLE OWLET ?W K&S
Glaucidium radiatum
SPOTTED OWLET 900
Athene brama Baram
BROWN HAWK OWL 2000
Ninox scutulata Salyani
G REY NIGHTJAR 1600-2300 3,19 13 4-8,9
Caprimulgus indicus
L ARGE- TAILED N IGHTJAR 1700-2200 3 M
Caprimulgus macrurus
ROCK PIGEON 1200 Gh, W Didihat T, T&S
Columba livia
HILL PIGEON 2400-2700 10,11,12
Columba rupestris
SNOW PIGEON 2000-2600 6 5,8 D, T&S
Columba leuconota
ORIENTAL TURTLE DOVE 1200-2500 3,6,10-12, G, T, W 1,13,16-18 H, K&S, M, 2-8,9 Br, T&S
Streptopelia orientalis 14,19 Si, T
138 AISHA SULTANA & JAMAL A. KHAN Forktail 16 (2000)

S PECIES Altitudinal Almora Nainital Pithoragarh


range (m) Localities Other refs Localities Other refs Localities Other refs
L AUGHING DOVE Br, O, T H, T
Streptopelia senegalensis
SPOTTED DOVE 1800-2000 10 G, T, W H, Sr, T 2 T, T&S
Streptopelia chinensis
EURASIAN COLLARED DOVE 1800-2400 3,10,15 T, W I 2 T, T&S
Streptopelia decaocto
E MERALD DOVE 900
Chalcophaps indica Baram
YELLOW-FOOTED GREEN PIGEON H
Treron phoenicoptera
W EDGE-TAILED GREEN PIGEON 1800-2400 3,10 Br, T, W H, I, T 2,5,8
Treron sphenura
W HITE- BREASTED WATERHEN S
Amaurornis phoenicurus
RUDDY-BREASTED CRAKE Har
Porzana fusca
C OMMON MOORHEN M
Gallinula chloropus
C OMMON COOT I
Fulica atra
E URASIAN WOODCOCK H, I, K&S, T
Scolopax rusticola
C OMMON SNIPE 1800 3
Gallinago gallinago
C OMMON REDSHANK T&S
Tringa totanus
G REEN SANDPIPER H, I, T
Tringa ochropus
G REAT THICK -KNEE K&S
Esacus recurvirostris
I BISBILL K&S
Ibidorhyncha stuthersii
L ONG- BILLED PLOVER K&S
Charadrius placidus
LITTLE RINGED PLOVER H, T
Charadrius dubius
RED - WATTLED LAPWING 1200 R, T M T
Vanellus indicus Basarkhet
S MALL PRATINCOLE K&S
Glareola lactea
W HISKERED TERN H, I, T Br
Chlidonias hybridus
O SPREY I
Pandion haliaetus
B LACK-SHOULDERED KITE S
Elanus caeruleus
BLACK KITE 1800 3 Br, G, O, T, W Br, H, I, M, T, T&S
Milvus migrans Sr, T
RED KITE N&D
Milvus milvus
BRAHMINY KITE H, T
Haliastur indus
LESSER FISH EAGLE H, T T
Ichthyophaga humilis
L AMMERGEIER 1800-3000 3,6,11,12 Br, G, I, N, 1,13,18 Br, H, I, K&S, 2-7 T, T&S
Gypaetus barbatus T, W M, Si, T
E GYPTIAN VULTURE Br, G, I, T H, I, K&S, M, T T&S
Neophron percnopterus
W HITE- RUMPED V ULTURE G, O, T H, K&S, Sr, T
Gyps bengalensis
L ONG- BILLED V ULTURE O, T K&S T
Gyps indicus
H IMALAYAN GRIFFON 1800-3000 3,6,11,12, G, O, T 1,13,16,18 Ah, H, K&S, 2-9 T, T&S
Gyps himalayensis 14,15,19 M, Sr, T
E URASIAN GRIFFON K&S T
Gyps fulvus
RED - HEADED V ULTURE 2000-2200 3 Br, G, O, T Br, H, I, K&S, 2,5,8 T
Sarcogyps calvus M, T
C INEREOUS VULTURE K&S
Aegypius monachus
C RESTED SERPENT EAGLE 1900-2500 3,6,11,12 T, W 1,13,18 K&S, T 2-7 T, T&S
Spilornis cheela
Forktail 16 (2000) Birds of oak forests in the Kumaon Himalaya, Uttar Pradesh, India 139

S PECIES Altitudinal Almora Nainital Pithoragarh


range (m) Localities Other refs Localities Other refs Localities Other refs
PALLID HARRIER T&S
Circus macrourus
C RESTED GOSHAWK K&S
Accipiter trivirgatus
S HIKRA 2200 3 O, T
Accipiter badius
?B ESRA ?W
Accipiter virgatus
E URASIAN S PARROWHAWK 1600-2700 3,11,14 2-7 T&S
Accipiter nisus
N ORTHERN GOSHAWK 1700-2400 3 8, 7
Accipiter gentilis
WHITE- EYED BUZZARD Br
Butastur teesa
C OMMON BUZZARD K&S
Buteo buteo
L ONG- LEGGED BUZZARD H, K&S, T
Buteo rufinus
BLACK EAGLE 1800-2500 3,10,14 1,13 H, I, K&S, M, T 2,5,8
Ictinaetus malayensis
STEPPE EAGLE G H, K&S, T
Aquila nipalensis
IMPERIAL EAGLE H, T
Aquila heliaca
G OLDEN EAGLE R, T K&S
Aquila chrysaetos
BONELLI’S EAGLE 2000-2300 3 Br 8
Hieraaetus fasciatus
CHANGEABLE HAWK EAGLE 1700-1800 3 }G Br 5,8
Spizaetus cirrhatus
MOUNTAIN HAWK EAGLE 2200-2400 3 } K&S 2
Spizaetus nipalensis
C OLLARED F ALCONET R, T Br
Microhierax caerulescens
C OMMON KESTREL 1800-2400 3,11,12, Br, G, O, T, W 1 H, T 2-7 T&S
Falco tinnunculus 14,19
EURASIAN HOBBY 1800 10 ?W K&S, Sr
Falco subbuteo
L AGGAR FALCON H
Falco jugger
PEREGRINE FALCON K&S T
Falco peregrinus
LITTLE GREBE H, T
Tachybaptus ruficollis
?GREAT CRESTED GREBE ?I
Podiceps cristatus
HORNED GREBE Dr
Podiceps auritus
INDIAN CORMORANT M
Phalacrocorax fuscicollis
G REAT CORMORANT H, T
Phalacrocorax carbo
CATTLE EGRET S
Bubulcus ibis
INDIAN POND HERON M, S
Ardeola grayii
BLACK STORK 1200 G
Ciconia nigra Basarkhet
?ASIAN FAIRY BLUEBIRD M!
Irena puella
G OLDEN -FRONTED LEAFBIRD K&S
Chloropsis aurifrons
O RANGE - BELLIED L EAFBIRD 2300 W 4 Whym
Chloropsis hardwickii
BAY-BACKED SHRIKE Br
Lanius vittatus
LONG- TAILED SHRIKE Br, G, Gh M T, W
Lanius schach
G REY-BACKED SHRIKE 2100-2200 3,11,12 K&S 2,5,8 T&S
Lanius tephronotus
EURASIAN JAY 1800-2500 3,6,10-12, O, T, W 1,13,16-18 H, K&S, S, 2-9 Br
Garrulus glandarius 14,15,19 Sr, T
140 AISHA SULTANA & JAMAL A. KHAN Forktail 16 (2000)

S PECIES Altitudinal Almora Nainital Pithoragarh


range (m) Localities Other refs Localities Other refs Localities Other refs
B LACK- HEADED JAY 1800-2400 3,6,10-12, G, T, W 1,13,16-18 H, I, K&S, 2-7 Br, T
Garrulus lanceolatus 14,15,19 Si, T
YELLOW-BILLED BLUE MAGPIE 2100-2600 6,10-12,19 T, W M 2-7
Urocissa flavirostris
RED - BILLED BLUE MAGPIE 1800-2200 3,10,11, G, T, W 16 Ah, H, I, K&S, 2,5,8 T, T&S
Urocissa erythrorhyncha 14,19 M, Sr, T
C OMMON GREEN MAGPIE Whym
Cissa chinensis
RUFOUS TREEPIE G
Dendrocitta vagabunda
G REY T REEPIE 1800-2300 3,10,11,14, W 18 K&S, M 2,5 T, T&S
Dendrocitta formosae 15,19
S POTTED NUTCRACKER K&S
Nucifraga caryocatactes
RED - BILLED CHOUGH T&S
Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax
YELLOW- BILLED CHOUGH 2600 11 T&S
Pyrrhocorax graculus
HOUSE CROW 1700-2000 3,12,14,15,19 B, T, W 1,13,16-18 Si, T 2,4,7,9 Br, T
Corvus splendens
L ARGE- BILLED CROW 1800-2800 3,6,10-12, G, T, W 1,13,16-18 H, I, K&S, M, 2-9 Br, T, T&S
Corvus macrorhynchos 14,15,19 Si, Sr, T, Y
B LACK- NAPED ORIOLE 2200 3
Oriolus chinensis
EURASIAN GOLDEN O RIOLE Br, R, T, W T&S
Oriolus oriolus
B LACK-HOODED ORIOLE S
Oriolus xanthornus
M AROON ORIOLE 1800-2400 3,11,15 K&S 2-9
Oriolus traillii
B LACK- WINGED CUCKOOSHRIKE 2100-2400 3,6,11 W H, T 2,5-9
Coracina melaschistos
LONG -TAILED MINIVET 1800-2300 3,6,10-12, G, W 1,13,17,18 H, K&S 2-7 Br, T
Pericrocotus ethologus 14,,19
SHORT-BILLED MINIVET T Ro, T
Pericrocotus brevirostris
SCARLET MINIVET 1800-2100 3,6,10-12, Si, Sr 2-8
Pericrocotus flammeus 14,19
B AR- WINGED FLYCATCHER- SHRIKE 2100 3,10 R, T K&S, M
Hemipus picatus
YELLOW- BELLIED F ANTAIL 2100-2500 6,11,14, G, W H, K&S, T 2,5,8
Rhipidura hypoxantha 15,19
W HITE- THROATED FANTAIL 1800-2400 3,10 13,16 K&S, M, Si 4,8,7 T, T&S
Rhipidura albicollis
W HITE- BROWED FANTAIL T
Rhipidura aureola
B LACK DRONGO T H, Si, Sr, T T, T&S
Dicrurus macrocercus
ASHY DRONGO 1700-2600 3,6,10-12, G, T, W 1 H, T 2,5,8 Br
Dicrurus leucophaeus 14,19
WHITE- BELLIED DRONGO K&S
Dicrurus caerulescens
B RONZED DRONGO 1700 3 K&S 2
Dicrurus aeneus
LESSER RACKET- TAILED DRONGO 1800 17 T
Dicrurus remifer
S PANGLED DRONGO 1800-2100 3,10,19 K&S 5,8
Dicrurus hottentottus
ASIAN PARADISE- FLYCATCHER Br, W I T&S
Terpsiphone paradisi
BROWN DIPPER 2100-2500 6,11 W K&S 8 T
Cinclus pallasii
BLUE -CAPPED ROCK THRUSH 1800-2400 3,6 Br, T, W 1 Br, H, Sr, T 8
Monticola cinclorhynchus
C HESTNUT-BELLIED ROCK THRUSH 2100-2500 3,11,12, Br, W 13 Br, H, K&S, T 2,5-7
Monticola rufiventris 14,15
BLUE ROCK THRUSH R, T, W H, K&S
Monticola solitarius
BLUE WHISTLING THRUSH 1800-2700 3,6,10-12, G, T, W 13,16-18 Ah, H, I, K&S, 2,5-7 Br, T, T&S
Myophonus caeruleus 14,15,19 M, Si, Sr, T
?P IED THRUSH ?W
Zoothera wardii
Forktail 16 (2000) Birds of oak forests in the Kumaon Himalaya, Uttar Pradesh, India 141

S PECIES Altitudinal Almora Nainital Pithoragarh


range (m) Localities Other refs Localities Other refs Localities Other refs
PLAIN- BACKED T HRUSH K&S
Zoothera mollissima
L ONG-TAILED THRUSH 2100-2300 3 K&S
Zoothera dixoni
SCALY THRUSH 2100-2400 3,6,11 R, T H, K&S, T 2-5,7
Zoothera dauma
L ONG-BILLED THRUSH ?W K&S
Zoothera monticola
TICKELL’S T HRUSH 2200-2400 3,6,11, ?W 1,16 Br, S 5,8
Turdus unicolor 14,19
W HITE- COLLARED BLACKBIRD 2300-2800 6,11 13 Ah, H, K&S, 7
Turdus albocinctus Sr, T
G REY- WINGED BLACKBIRD 2100-2600 3,6,10,11, Br, G, T, W 16-18 H, I, K&S, 2,5-7 T
Turdus boulboul 14,19 M, S, T
CHESTNUT THRUSH H, K&S, S, T
Turdus rubrocanus
D ARK- THROATED T HRUSH 1800-2200 3,10,11, W 16,18 H, K&S, T 5,8,9
Turdus ruficollis 14,19
MISTLE THRUSH 1900-2400 3,6,10-12, T 13,16,18 H, I, K&S, T 2,5-7
Turdus viscivorus 14,15
D ARK- SIDED FLYCATCHER 1800-2300 3,6,10-12,19 M 2,8,7
Muscicapa sibirica
ASIAN BROWN FLYCATCHER O, T H, T
Muscicapa dauurica
RUSTY- TAILED F LYCATCHER 2500 K&S, Si
Muscicapa ruficauda Wacchum
SLATY - BACKED F LYCATCHER 900
Ficedula hodgsonii
RUFOUS -GORGETED FLYCATCHER 1800-2100 3,6,10,11 G 18 K&S 2,8,7
Ficedula strophiata
RED -THROATED FLYCATCHER K&S
Ficedula parva
S NOWY - BROWED FLYCATCHER K&S
Ficedula hyperythra Baram
LITTLE PIED FLYCATCHER 1800-2000 3,10 K&S 2,5
Ficedula westermanni
U LTRAMARINE FLYCATCHER 1800-2600 3,6,10-12, Br, T, W Br, H, K&S, 2,5-7
Ficedula superciliaris 14,19 Si, Sr, T
SLATY -BLUE FLYCATCHER R, T K&S T
Ficedula tricolor
V ERDITER F LYCATCHER 1800-2500 3,6,10-12, T, W 16-18 Ah, H, I, K&S, 2-8,9 Br, T
Eumyias thalassina 14,19 M, Si, Sr, T
SMALL NILTAVA 2100-2300 3 18 K&S 2 T
Niltava macgrigoriae
RUFOUS- BELLIED NILTAVA 1800-2400 3,6,11,12,14, 13,18 H, K&S, Sr, T 2-9 T&S
Niltava sundara 15,19
G REY- HEADED CANARY FLYCATCHER 1700-2400 3,6,10-12,14, Br, W 1,13,16-18 Br, H, K&S, 2-9
Culicicapa ceylonensis 15,19 Si, Sr, T
S IBERIAN RUBYTHROAT K&S
Luscinia calliope
WHITE- TAILED RUBYTHROAT K&S T
Luscinia pectoralis
INDIAN BLUE ROBIN 2100-2300 Si 5,9
Luscinia brunnea
ORANGE- FLANKED BUSH ROBIN 2000-2400 3,6,10,12, G 1,13,17,18 H, K&S, T 2,8
Tarsiger cyanurus 14,15
GOLDEN BUSH ROBIN K&S
Tarsiger chrysaeus
W HITE-BROWED BUSH ROBIN 1800-2200 3,11 2,5-7
Tarsiger indicus
ORIENTAL MAGPIE ROBIN Baram 900 Br, R, T, W M
Copsychus saularis
RUFOUS- BACKED REDSTART K&S
Phoenicurus erythronota
BLACK REDSTART Gh
Phoenicurus ochruros
BLUE - CAPPED REDSTART 1800-2300 3,6 K&S 2-5
Phoenicurus coeruleocephalus
BLUE - FRONTED REDSTART 1800-2200 3,6,10,15,19 13,17 H, K&S, T 2,8
Phoenicurus frontalis
W HITE- CAPPED WATER REDSTART 1800-2500 3,6,11,14 R, T H, I, K&S, 2,5,8 T
Chaimarrornis leucocephalus M, Si, T
142 AISHA SULTANA & JAMAL A. KHAN Forktail 16 (2000)

S PECIES Altitudinal Almora Nainital Pithoragarh


range (m) Localities Other refs Localities Other refs Localities Other refs
PLUMBEOUS W ATER REDSTART 2100-2600 6,11 T, W H, K&S, Si, T 8 T, T&S
Rhyacornis fuliginosus
LITTLE FORKTAIL 2100-2600 6 K&S 8 T&S
Enicurus scouleri
SLATY -BACKED FORKTAIL K&S T&S, Whym
Enicurus schistaceus
SPOTTED FORKTAIL 1800-2300 3,10,11,19 Br, R, T, W 18 Br, H, I, K&S, T 2,5,8 T, T&S
Enicurus maculatus
PURPLE COCHOA Br Br, M Whym
Cochoa purpurea
C OMMON STONECHAT 900 T, W H, M, T
Saxicola torquata Bageshwar
PIED BUSHCHAT 1800-2200 3,11 T, W K&S, T 8 Br, T
Saxicola caprata
G REY BUSHCHAT 1800-2400 3,6,10-12, G, R, T, W 16,18 H, K&S, Si, 2,5-9 Br
Saxicola ferrea 14,19 Sr, T
D ESERT WHEATEAR 2100 3 M
Oenanthe deserti
?S POT- WINGED STARLING ?W
Saroglossa spiloptera
C HESTNUT-TAILED STARLING Br, W
Sturnus malabaricus
B RAHMINY STARLING Br R
Sturnus pagodarum
C OMMON M YNA 1800-2200 3,6,10,11,19 Br, G, T, W 1,16,18 Br, H, Sr, T 2-5,8 T, T&S
Acridotheres tristis
BANK MYNA M
Acridotheres ginginianus
JUNGLE MYNA 1800-2300 3 Br, R, T Br, K&S 9 T
Acridotheres fuscus
HILL MYNA I
Gracula religiosa
C HESTNUT- BELLIED NUTHATCH 1800-2000 3,10 G, K&W, W K&S, M
Sitta castanea
W HITE - TAILED NUTHATCH 2100-2600 3,11,12, Br, W 1,13,16-18 Br, H, K&S, 2-9
Sitta himalayensis 14,15 Si, Sr, T
V ELVET -FRONTED NUTHATCH B, T, W M
Sitta frontalis
W ALLCREEPER 2600 19 G K&S 8 T
Tichodroma muraria
E URASIAN T REECREEPER 1800-2400 3 13,16 Ah 2,8,7
Certhia familiaris
B AR- TAILED TREECREEPER 1800-2600 3,10,11,12, Br, F, G, T, W 1,13,16-18 Br, H, I, K&S, 2-9 T
Certhia himalayana 14,15,19 R, Si, Sr, T
RUSTY -FLANKED T REECREEPER W
Certhia nipalensis
W INTER WREN 2100-2400 6,11 T 13 T 8
Troglodytes troglodytes
FIRE-CAPPED TIT 2100-2500 3,6 2
Cephalopyrus flammiceps
RUFOUS - NAPED TIT 2200-2700 3,6 M 2,8 T
Parus rufonuchalis
RUFOUS -VENTED TIT 2100-2400 6,11 K&S 2,5,8
Parus rubidiventris
SPOT-WINGED TIT 2100-2700 3,6,10-12,14, W 1,13,16,18 H, Si, Sr, T 2-7 Br, T
Parus melanolophus 15,19
?COAL TIT 2200-2600 11 2,8
Parus ater
G REY-CRESTED TIT 2200-2600 11 H 8,7
Parus dichrous
G REAT TIT 1800-2000 3,10 Br, G, O, W M, T 2,5,8
Parus major
G REEN- BACKED TIT 1800-2500 3,6,10-12, G, T, W 1,13,16-18 Ah, Br, H, K&S, 2-9
Parus monticolus 14,15,19 M, Si, Sr, T
BLACK-LORED TIT 1800-2600 3,6,10,11, G, O, T 1,13,16,17 Ah, Br, H, K&S, 2,4,8,9 T
Parus xanthogenys 15,19 M, Si, Sr
YELLOW- BROWED TIT Br, G Br, K&S
Sylviparus modestus
BLACK- THROATED T IT 1800-2500 3,6,10-12, G, T, W 1,13,16-18 H, K&S, M, Si, 2-9 Br
Aegithalos concinnus 14,15,19 Sr, T
W HITE -THROATED TIT 2000-2600 3,14,15 1,16,18 H 2-8,9
Aegithalos niveogularis
Forktail 16 (2000) Birds of oak forests in the Kumaon Himalaya, Uttar Pradesh, India 143

S PECIES Altitudinal Almora Nainital Pithoragarh


range (m) Localities Other refs Localities Other refs Localities Other refs
PLAIN MARTIN K&S
Riparia paludicola
EURASIAN CRAG MARTIN K&S
Hirundo rupestris
BARN SWALLOW 1800-2400 3,6,11,15,19 Br 1,13,17,18 4,5
Hirundo rustica
WIRE - TAILED SWALLOW 1000 W Br
Hirundo smithii Baram
RED -RUMPED SWALLOW B, Br, G, W Br
Hirundo daurica
NEPAL HOUSE MARTIN 2100 3 K&S
Delichon nipalensis
G OLDCREST 2300 13 K&S
Regulus regulus
BLACK- CRESTED BULBUL K&S
Pycnonotus melanicterus
RED - WHISKERED BULBUL M, Whi
Pycnonotus jocosus
HIMALAYAN BULBUL 1800-2600 3,6,10-12, Br, G, T, W H, K&S, M, Si, 2-9 T, T&S
Pycnonotus leucogenys 14,15,19 Sr, T
RED - VENTED BULBUL 1800-2000 3,11 Br, G, W H, M, Si, T 2,8 T, T&S
Pycnonotus cafer
ASHY BULBUL 2300 11 K&S Whym
Hemixos flavala
M OUNTAIN BULBUL 2000 H, K&S, T
Hypsipetes mcclellandii Jilling
BLACK BULBUL 1800-2500 3,6,10-12, G, T, W 1,13,16-18 Br, H, K&S, 2-8,9
Hypsipetes leucocephalus 14,15,19 M, T
BRIGHT-HEADED CISTICOLA W Sm
Cisticola exilis
STRIATED PRINIA 1800-2100 3 H, K&S, T 7 ?Br
Prinia criniger
G REY-BREASTED PRINIA K&S
Prinia hodgsonii
JUNGLE PRINIA K&S
Prinia sylvatica
ASHY PRINIA 1000 And
Prinia socialis Baram
PLAIN PRINIA K&S
Prinia inornata
O RIENTAL WHITE- EYE 1800-2200 3,10,11,12, Br, G, T, W 1,16-18 Br, H, K&S, 2,5,8 T
Zosterops palpebrosus 14,19 M, Si, T
CHESTNUT- HEADED TESIA 2300 K&S, T 8 Why
Tesia castaneocoronata
BROWNISH- FLANKED BUSH WARBLER K&S
Cettia fortipes
CHESTNUT-CROWNED BUSH WARBLER 2100-2300 3 K&S 8
Cettia major
ABERRANT BUSH WARBLER 1800-2200 3,10 K&S 8
Cettia flavolivacea
GREY-SIDED BUSH WARBLER K&S
Cettia brunnifrons
SPOTTED BUSH WARBLER 2100-2300 3,11
Bradypterus thoracicus
BLYTH’S REED WARBLER Br
Acrocephalus dumetorum
C OMMON CHIFFCHAFF Br
Phylloscopus collybita
SMOKY WARBLER K&S
Phylloscopus fuligiventer
TICKELL’S LEAF W ARBLER 2100-2600 3,6,10,11,14 K&S, Si 2,8,7
Phylloscopus affinis
S ULPHUR- BELLIED WARBLER Br
Phylloscopus griseolus
BUFF - BARRED WARBLER 2000-2200 3 K&S 2,8
Phylloscopus pulcher
ASHY- THROATED WARBLER 1800-2200 3,10,11 ?G 17 K&S 8,7
Phylloscopus maculipennis
L EMON- RUMPED WARBLER G K&S
Phylloscopus chloronotus
HUME’ S WARBLER 1800-2600 3,6,10-12, 1,13,16-18 Br, H, K&S, T 2,5-9
Phylloscopus humei 14,15,19
144 AISHA SULTANA & JAMAL A. KHAN Forktail 16 (2000)

S PECIES Altitudinal Almora Nainital Pithoragarh


range (m) Localities Other refs Localities Other refs Localities Other refs
LARGE-BILLED LEAF WARBLER 2100-2400 3,12 13 2,8
Phylloscopus magnirostris
G REENISH WARBLER 2100-2300 3,14 ?B, ?W H, T 2,5-7
Phylloscopus trochiloides
WESTERN CROWNED WARBLER 2000-2600 3,6,10,19 ?W 18 H, T 5-7
Phylloscopus occipitalis
BLYTH’S LEAF WARBLER 1800-2400 3,11,12,14 M 2,5,8
Phylloscopus reguloides
G OLDEN - SPECTACLED/WHISTLER’ S 1900-2400 3,6,10-12 K&S 2,5,7
W ARBLER Seicercus burkii/whistleri
G REY-HOODED WARBLER 1800-2600 3,6,10-12, Br, G, T, W 1,13,16-18 H, K&S, T 2,8-9 T
Seicercus xanthoschistos 14,15,19
B LACK-FACED WARBLER 1900-2500 6,11 5,8
Abroscopus schisticeps
W HITE -THROATED LAUGHINGTHRUSH 1800-2600 3,6,10-12, B, T, W 1,13,16-18 Ah, Br, H, I, 2-7 T
Garrulax albogularis 14,15,19 K&S, T
S TRIATED LAUGHINGTHRUSH 1800-2700 3,6,11,12, 16,18 H, K&S, Sr, T 2,5,8
Garrulax striatus 14,19
W HITE -CRESTED LAUGHINGTHRUSH 2000 W H, I, K&S, T, V T, T&S
Garrulax leucolophus Jilling
RUFOUS -CHINNED L AUGHINGTHRUSH K&S
Garrulax rufogularis
S TREAKED LAUGHINGTHRUSH 1800-2500 3,6,10-12, Br, G, T, W 13,16-18 Br, H, K&S, 2-9 T
Garrulax lineatus 15,19 Si, Sr, T
V ARIEGATED LAUGHINGTHRUSH 2200-2700 3,11 ?W 13 8,7
Garrulax variegatus
C HESTNUT- CROWNED LAUGHINGTHRUSH 2300-2600 3,6,11,19 Br 16 Br, H, K&S, T 2,8
Garrulax erythrocephalus
RUSTY-CHEEKED SCIMITAR BABBLER 1800-2500 3,6,10,11 Br, G, O, T H, K&S, T 2-5,9
Pomatorhinus erythrogenys
W HITE -BROWED SCIMITAR BABBLER Br
Pomatorhinus schisticeps
STREAK-BREASTED SCIMITAR BABBLER 1800-2400 3 ?W 8,7
Pomatorhinus ruficollis
SCALY- BREASTED WREN BABBLER 1900-2400 3,6,11 K&S
Pnoepyga albiventer
B LACK- CHINNED BABBLER ?W K&S
Stachyris pyrrhops
JUNGLE BABBLER T
Turdoides striatus
S ILVER-EARED MESIA 2200 3
Leiothrix argentauris
RED -BILLED LEIOTHRIX H, K&S, T
Leiothrix lutea
C UTIA 2100-2400 3 2,8
Cutia nipalensis
W HITE-BROWED SHRIKE BABBLER 2000-2300 3,19 1,17 H, K&S, T 2-8
Pteruthius flaviscapis
G REEN SHRIKE BABBLER K&S
Pteruthius xanthochlorus
B LUE- WINGED MINLA 2100-2300 W 16,18 H, K&S, T 9
Minla cyanouroptera
C HESTNUT-TAILED MINLA 2100-2500 3,6,11,12 1,18 T 2,5-7
Minla strigula
W HITE- BROWED FULVETTA 2000-2500 6,11 2,5,8
Alcippe vinipectus
RUFOUS SIBIA 1800-2600 3,6,10-12, B, G, T, W 1,13,17,18 H, K&S, Si, 2-9 T, T&S
Heterophasia capistrata 14,15,19 Sr, T
W HISKERED YUHINA 1900-2700 3,6,11,14 ?W 1,17,18 H, K&S 2-8
Yuhina flavicollis
S TRIPE-THROATED YUHINA 2100-2600 6 2,7
Yuhina gularis
B LACK- CHINNED YUHINA K&S Why, Whym
Yuhina nigrimenta
B LACK- THROATED PARROTBILL 2300 5,8
Paradoxornis nipalensis
LESSER WHITETHROAT 2100 3 Br
Sylvia curruca
ASHY-CROWNED SPARROW LARK K&S
Eremopterix grisea
O RIENTAL SKYLARK Br T
Alauda gulgula
Forktail 16 (2000) Birds of oak forests in the Kumaon Himalaya, Uttar Pradesh, India 145

S PECIES Altitudinal Almora Nainital Pithoragarh


range (m) Localities Other refs Localities Other refs Localities Other refs
T HICK -BILLED FLOWERPECKER K&S
Dicaeum agile
YELLOW- BELLIED F LOWERPECKER 2200 P
Dicaeum melanoxanthum Wacchum
FIRE - BREASTED FLOWERPECKER 2100-2500 3,11 K&S 4,5
Dicaeum ignipectus
PURPLE SUNBIRD Br, T S, T T&S
Nectarinia asiatica
MRS GOULD’S SUNBIRD 2100-2600 14 ?W 5,8,9
Aethopyga gouldiae
G REEN -TAILED SUNBIRD 2000-2500 3,6,10-12, G 1,16 H, K&S, T 2,5-7
Aethopyga nipalensis 14,15
BLACK- THROATED SUNBIRD 2100-2200 3,6,11,12, ?W 16,18 K&S 2,5-7
Aethopyga saturata 15,19
CRIMSON SUNBIRD 900
Aethopyga siparaja Baram
FIRE-TAILED SUNBIRD 1800-2300 11,14
Aethopyga ignicauda
HOUSE SPARROW 1800-2000 3,14,19 Br, T, W Br, H, M, Sr, T 2,8 T, T&S
Passer domesticus
RUSSET SPARROW 2100 3 G, T, W H, K&S, Sr, T T&S
Passer rutilans
EURASIAN TREE SPARROW 1900-2200 3,10,11, 13 2-9 T
Passer montanus 14,19
C HESTNUT- SHOULDERED PETRONIA B, T
Petronia xanthocollis
WHITE WAGTAIL 2300 Gh H, M, Si, T T&S
Motacilla alba Wacchum
WHITE- BROWED W AGTAIL Gh!, W K&S
Motacilla maderaspatensis
YELLOW W AGTAIL M T
Motacilla flava
G REY WAGTAIL 1800-2200 3,10,11,12 W H, K&S, M, 2,8,9 T, T&S
Motacilla cinerea Si, T
PADDYFIELD PIPIT W K&S T
Anthus rufulus
LONG- BILLED PIPIT Br, Hu, W H, T
Anthus similis
TREE PIPIT ?W Br
Anthus trivialis
OLIVE- BACKED PIPIT 1800-2300 3,6,10, H, K&S, T 5
Anthus hodgsoni 11,14
ROSY PIPIT K&S
Anthus roseatus
U PLAND PIPIT W K&S Br, T&S
Anthus sylvanus
ALTAI ACCENTOR H, K&S
Prunella himalayana
RUFOUS - BREASTED ACCENTOR 1800-2400 G K&S
Prunella rubeculoides
BLACK -THROATED ACCENTOR K&S
Prunella atrogularis
BLACK- BREASTED WEAVER Am3
Ploceus benghalensis
S TREAKED WEAVER Am3
Ploceus manyar
BAYA W EAVER Am2
Ploceus philippinus
FINN’S WEAVER A, A&C, Al,
Ploceus megarhynchus Am1, Fi, Hum
RED AVADAVAT T&S
Amandava amandava
INDIAN SILVERBILL K&S
Lonchura malabarica
WHITE- RUMPED MUNIA W
Lonchura striata
SCALY-BREASTED M UNIA 2100 3 G, Gh, W K&S, M
Lonchura punctulata
FIRE- FRONTED SERIN 2500 6 K&S, Si
Serinus pusillus
YELLOW- BREASTED GREENFINCH 2100-2500 3,11,12,14, Br, G, T, W 13 Br, H, K&S, 2,8 T, T&S
Carduelis spinoides 15,19 Si, Sr, T
146 AISHA SULTANA & JAMAL A. KHAN Forktail 16 (2000)

S PECIES Altitudinal Almora Nainital Pithoragarh


range (m) Localities Other refs Localities Other refs Localities Other refs
E UROPEAN GOLDFINCH 2500 6 H, K&S, T
Carduelis carduelis
PLAIN MOUNTAIN FINCH K&S
Leucosticte nemoricola
SPECTACLED FINCH 2500 6 H, K&S, T
Callacanthis burtoni
D ARK- BREASTED ROSEFINCH 2000-2500 N&L 17 K&S 2
Carpodacus nipalensis
C OMMON ROSEFINCH 1800-2400 3,10,14, Br, G, Gh, K&S, Si, T 2,8 T, T&S
Carpodacus erythrinus 15,19 T, W
PINK - BROWED ROSEFINCH 2100-2400 3,14 G 17 H, K&S, T
Carpodacus rodochrous
V INACEOUS ROSEFINCH 2100-2300 3,6,11,14 1 J, K&S 8,7
Carpodacus vinaceus
SPOT-WINGED ROSEFINCH 2300-2500 6,11
Carpodacus rodopeplus
SCARLET FINCH K&S, Rob
Haematospiza sipahi
B ROWN BULLFINCH 2200-2500 6,11 K&S 8
Pyrrhula nipalensis
RED - HEADED BULLFINCH ?W
Pyrrhula erythrocephala
B LACK - AND - YELLOW GROSBEAK 2100-2700 H, K&S, T 2,7
Mycerobas icterioides
C OLLARED GROSBEAK 2500 H, K&S 7
Mycerobas affinis
SPOT-WINGED GROSBEAK 2400 6 H, K&S, T
Mycerobas melanozanthos
C RESTED BUNTING 1700-1900 3 W 5,8 Br
Melophus lathami
ROCK BUNTING 1800-2300 3,11,12 G, W 13 H, K&S, Si, T 8 Mo, T&S
Emberiza cia
W HITE- CAPPED BUNTING K&S
Emberiza stewarti
C HESTNUT-EARED BUNTING 2000-2400 3,6,11 K&S 2,5-7
Emberiza fucata

See Table 1 and Figure 1 for the names and locations of the localities
See the references for an explanation of the codes in the ‘Other refs’ column

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