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University of Michigan Autism and Communication Disorders Center

Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) Bibliography

Publications about the ADOS:

Berument, S. K., Starr, E., Pickles, A., Tomlins, M., Papanikolauou, K., Lord, C., et al. (2005). Pre-linguistic
autism diagnostic observation schedule adapted for older individuals with severe to profound mental
retardation: A pilot study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35, 821-829.

DiLavore, P. C., Lord, C., & Rutter, M. (1995). The Pre-Linguistic Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule.
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 25, 355-379.

Gotham, K., Pickles, A., & Lord, C. (2009). Standardizing ADOS scores for a measure of severity in autism
spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorder, 39, 693-705.

Gotham, K., Risi, S., Dawson, G., Tager-Flusberg, H., Joseph, R., Carter, A., et al. (2008). A replication of the
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) revised algorithms. Journal of the American
Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47, 642-651.

Gotham, K., Risi, S., Pickles, A., & Lord, C. (2007). The Autism Diagnostic Observations Schedule: Revised
algorithms for improved diagnostic validity. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 613-
627.

Klein-Tasman, B., Risi, S., & Lord, C. (2007). Effect of language and task demands on the diagnostic
effectiveness of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS): The impact of module choice.
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 1224-1234.

Lord, C., Risi, S., Lambrecht, L., Cook, E. H., Jr., Leventhal, B. L., DiLavore, P. C., et al. (2000). Autism
Diagnostic Observation Schedule - Generic: A standard measure of social and communication deficits
associated with the spectrum of autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30, 205-223.

Lord, C., Rutter, M., DiLavore, P. C., & Risi, S. (1999). Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Los Angeles,
CA: Western Psychological Services.

Lord, C., Rutter, M., Goode, S., Heemsbergen, J., Jordan, H., Mawhood, L., et al. (1989). Autism diagnostic
observation schedule: A standardized observation of communicative and social behavior. Journal of
Autism and Developmental Disorders, 19, 185-212.

Luyster, R., Gotham, K., Guthrie, W., Coffing, M., Petrak, R., Pierce, K., Bishop, S., Esler, A., Hus, V., Oti, R.,
Richler, J., Risi, S., & Lord, C. (2009). The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-toddler module: a
new module of a standardized diagnostic measure for autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism &
Developmental Disorders, 39(9), 1305-20.

Selected and recent articles using the ADOS:

Akshoomoff, N., Lord, C., Lincoln, A. J., Courchesne, R. Y., Carper, R. Y., Townsend, J., et al. (2004).
Outcome classification of preschool children with autism spectrum disorders using MRI brain measures.
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43, 349-357.

Aldred, C., Green, J., & Adams, C. (2004). A new social communication intervention for children with autism:
Pilot randomized controlled treatment study suggesting effectiveness. Journal of Child Psychology and
Psychiatry, 45, 1420-1430.

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Battaglia, A., & Carey, J. C. (2006). Etiologic yield of autistic spectrum disorders: A prospective study.
American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part C, Seminars in Medical Genetics, 142, 3-7.

Ben-Itzchak, E., & Zachor, D. A. (2007). The effects of intellectual functioning and autism severity on outcome
of early behavioral intervention for children with autism. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 28,
287-303.

Ben-Sasson, A., Cermak, S. A., Orsmond, G. I., Tager-Flusberg, H., Carter, A. S., Kadlec, M. B., et al. (2007).
Extreme sensory modulation behaviors in toddlers with autism spectrum disorders. American Journal of
Occupational Therapy, 61, 584-592.

Bertrand, J., Mars, A., Boyle, C., Bove, F., Yergin-Allsopp, & Decoufle, P. (2001). Prevalence of autism in a
United States population: The Brick Township, New Jersey, investigation. Pediatrics, 108, 1155-1161.

Bishop, D. V., & Norbury, C.F. (2002). Exploring the borderlands of autistic disorder and specific language
impairment: A study using standardized diagnostic instruments. Journal of Child Psychology and
Psychiatry, 43, 1-13.

Bishop, D. V., Whitehouse, A. J., Watt, H. J., & Line, E. A. (2008). Autism and diagnostic substitution:
Evidence from a study of adults with a history of developmental language disorder. Developmental
Medicine and Child Neurology, 50, 341-345.

Bishop, S. L., Gahagan, S., & Lord, C. (2007). Re-examining the core features of autism: A comparison of
autism spectrum disorder and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and
Psychiatry, 48, 1111-1121.

Bolte, S., Poustka, F., & Constantino, J. N. (2008). Assessing autistic traits: Cross-cultural validation of the
Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). Autism Research: Official Journal of the International Society for
Autism Research, 1, 354-363.

Boraston, Z., Blakemore, S. J., Chilvers, R., & Skuse, D. (2007). Impaired sadness recognition is linked to social
interaction deficit in autism. Neuropsychologia, 45, 1501-1510.

Brian, J., Bryson, S. E., Garon, N., Roberts, W., Smith, I. M., Szatmari, P., et al. (2008). Clinical assessment of
autism in high-risk 18 month-olds. Autism, 12, 433-456.

Campbell, D. B., Warren, D., Sutcliffe, J.S., Lee, E. B., & Levitt, P. (2010). Association of MET with social and
communication phenotypes in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. American Journal of Medical
Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics: the Official Publication of the International Society of
Psychiatric Genetics, 153B(2), 438-46.

Charman, T., Taylor, E., Drew, A., Cockerill, H., Brown, J., & Baird, G. (2005). Outcome at 7 years of children
diagnosed with autism at age 2: Predictive validity of assessments conducted at 2 and 3 years of age and
pattern of symptom change over time. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46, 500-513.

Chawarska, K., Klin, A., Paul, R., & Volkmar, F. (2007). Autism spectrum disorder in the second year: stability
and change in syndrome expression. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied
Disciplines, 48, 128-138.

Cheslack-Postava, K., Fallin, M. D., Avramopoulos, D., Conners, S. L., Zimmerman, A. W., Eberhart, C. G., et
al. (2007). Beta2-Adrenergic receptor gene variants and risk for autism in the AGRE cohort. Molecular
Psychiatry, 12, 283-291.

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Clifford, S., Dissanayake, C., Bui, Q. M., Huggins, R., Taylor, A. K., & Loesch, D. Z. (2007). Autism spectrum
phenotype in males and females with fragile X full mutation and permutation. Journal of Autism and
Developmental Disorders, 37, 738-747.

Cohen, I.L., Gomez, T.R., Gonzalez, M.G., Lennon, E.M., Karmel, B.Z., & Gardner, J.M. (2010). Parent PDD
behavior inventory profiles of young children classified according to autism diagnostic observation
schedule- generic and autism diagnostic interview-revised criteria. Journal of Autism & Developmental
Disorders, 40(2), 246-54.

Constantino, J. N., LaVesser, P. D., Zhang, Y., Abbacchi, A. M., Gray, T., & Todd, R. D. (2007). Rapid
quantitative assessment of autistic social impairment by classroom teachers. Journal of the American
Academy of Child Psychiatry, 46, 1668-1676.

Conti-Ramsden, G., Simkin,M. Z., & Botting, N. (2006). The prevalence of autistic spectrum disorders in
adolescents with a history of specific language impairment (SLI). Journal of Child Psychology and
Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 47, 621-628.

Corsello, C. (2005). Early intervention in autism. Infants and Young Children, 18, 74-85.

Corsello, C., Hus, V., Pickles, A., Risi, S., Cook, E., Leventhal, B., et al. (2007). Between a ROC and a hard
place: Decision making and making decisions about using the SCQ. Journal of Child Psychology and
Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 48, 932-940.
Dawson, G., Munson, J., Webb, S. J., Nalty, T., & Abbott, R. (2007). Rate of head growth decelerates and
symptoms worsen in the second year of life in autism. Biological Psychiatry, 61, 458-464.
Dawson, G., Toth, K., Abbott, R., Osterling, J., Munson, J., Estes, A., et al. (2004). Early social attention
impairments in autism: Social orienting, joint attention, and attention to distress. Developmental
Psychology, 40, 271-283.

de Bildt, A., Mulder, E.J., Hoekstra, P.J., van Lang, N.D., Minderaa, R.B., & Hartman, C.A. (2009). Validity of
the Children’s Social Behavior Questionnaire (CSBQ) in children with intellectual disability: comparing
the CSBQ with ADI-R, ADOS, and clinical DSM-IV-TR classification. Journal of Autism and
Developmental Disorders, 39(10), 1464-70.

de Bildt, A., Sytema, S., Ketelaars, C., Kraijer, D., Mulder, E., Volkmar, F., et al. (2004). Interrelationship
between Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic (ADOS-G), Autism Diagnostic Interview-
Revised (ADI-R), and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR)
classification in children and adolescents with mental retardation. Journal of Autism and Developmental
Disorders, 34, 129-137.

de Bildt, A., Sytema, S., Ketelaars, C., Kraijer, D., Volkmar, F., & Minderaa, R. (2003). Measuring pervasive
developmental disorders in children and adolescents with mental retardation: A comparison of two
screening instruments used in a study of the total mentally retarded population from a designated area.
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 33, 595-605.

De Giacomo, A., Portoghese, C., Martinelli, D., Fanizza, I., L’abate, L., & Margari, L. (2009). Imitation and
communication skills development in children with pervasive developmental disorders.
Neuropsychiatric Disease & Treatment, 5(3), 355-62.

de Jonge, M. V., Kemner, C., de Haan, E. H., Coppens, J. E., van den Berg, T. J. T. P., & van Engeland, H.
(2007). Visual information processing in high-functioning individuals with autism spectrum disorders
and their parents. Neuropsychology, 21, 65-73.

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DeVito, T. J., Drost, D. J., Neufeld, R. W. J., Rajakumar, N., Pavlosky, W., Williamson, P., et al. (2007).
Evidence for cortical dysfunction in autism: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging study.
Biological Psychiatry, 61, 465-473.

Dissanayake, C., Bui, Q., Bulhak-Paterson, D., Huggins, R., & Loesch, DZ. (2009). Behavioural and cognitive
phenotypes in idiopathic autism versus autism associated with fragile X syndrome. Journal of Child
Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 50, 290-9.

Dziuk, M. A., Larson, J. C., Apostu, A., Mahone, E. M., Denckla, M. B. & Mostofsky, S. H. (2007). Dyspraxia
in autism: Association with motor, social, and communicative deficits. Developmental Medicine and
Child Neurology, 49, 734-739.

Georgiades, S., Szatmari, P., Zwaigenbaum, L., Duku, E., Bryson, S., Roberts, W., et al. (2007). Structure of the
autism system phenotype: A proposed multidimensional model. Journal of the American Academy of
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 46, 188-196.

Goin-Kochel, RP., Porter, AE., Peters, SU., Shinawi, M., Sahoo, T., Beaudet, AL., et al. (2009). The MTHFR
677CT polymorphism and behaviors in children with autism: exploratory genotype-phenotype
correlations. Autism research: Official Journal of the International Society for Autism Research, 2, 98-
108.

Gray, K. M., Tonge, B. J., & Sweeney, D. J. (2008). Using the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised and the
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule with young children with developmental delay: Evaluating
diagnostic validity. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 657-667.

Gutstein, S. E., Burgess, A. F., & Montfort, K. (2007). Evaluation of the Relationship Development Intervention
Program. Autism, 11, 397-411.

Hadjikhani, N., Joseph, R. M., Snyder, J., & Tager-Flusberg, H. (2007). Abnormal activation of the social brain
during face perception in autism. Human Brain Mapping, 28, 441-449.

Hale, C. M., & Tager-Flusberg, H. (2005). Brief report: the relationship between discourse deficits and autism
symptomatology. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35, 519-524.

Hall, S. S., Lightbody, A. A., & Reiss, A. L. (2008). Compulsive, self-injurious, and autistic behavior in child
and adolescents with fragile X syndrome. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 113, 44-53.

Harris, SW., Hessl, D., Goodlin-Jones, B., Ferranti, J., Bacalman, S., Barbato, I., Tassone, F., Hagerman, PJ.,
Herman, H., Hagerman, RJ., et al. Autism profiles of males with fragile X syndrome. American Journal
of Mental Retardation, 113, 427-38.

Hepburn, S. L., Philofsky, A., Fidler, D. J., & Rogers, S. (2008). Autism symptoms in toddlers with Down
syndrome: A descriptive study. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 21, 48-57.

Heuer, L., Ashwood, P., Schauer, J., Goines, P., Krakowiak, P., Hertz-Picciotto, I., et al. (2008). Reduced levels
of immunoglobin in children with autism correlates with behavioral symptoms. Autism Research:
Official Journal of the International Society for Autism Research, 1, 275-283.

Holtman, M., Bolte, S., & Poustka, F. (2007). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in pervasive
developmental disorders: association with autistic behavior domains and coexisting psychopathology.
Psychopathology, 40, 172-177.

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Holtman, M., Bolte, S., & Poustka, F. (2007). Autism spectrum disorders: Sex differences in autistic behaviour
domains and coexisting psychopathology. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 49, 361-366.

Howlin, P., Gordon, R. K., Pasco, G., Wade, A., & Charman, T. (2007). The effectiveness of Picture Exchange
Communication System (PECS) training for teachers of children with autism: A pragmatic, group
randomized controlled trial. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 48,
473-481.

Hus, V., Pickles, A., Cook, E. H., Jr., Risi, S., & Lord, C. (2007). Using the Autism Diagnostic Interview-
Revised to increase phenotypic homogeneity in genetic studies of autism. Biological Psychiatry, 61,
438-448.

Jeste, S. S., Sahin, M., Bolton, P., Ploubidis, G. B., & Humphrey, A. (2008). Characterization of autism in
young children with tuberous sclerosis complex. Journal of Child Neurology, 23, 520-525.

Johnson, WG., Buyske, S., Mars, AE., Sreenath, M., Stenroos, ES., Williams, TA., Stein, R., Lambert, GH., et
al. (2009). HLA-DR4 as a risk allele for autism acting in mothers of probands possibly during
pregnancy. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 163, 542-6.

Jones, W., Carr, K., & Klin, A. (2008). Absence of preferential looking to the eyes of approaching adults
predicts level of social disability in 2-year-old toddlers with autism spectrum disorder. Archives of
General Psychiatry, 65, 946-954.

Joseph, R. M., & Tager-Flusberg, H. (2004). The relationship of theory of mind and executive functions to
symptom type and severity in children with autism. Development and Psychopathology, 16, 137-155.

Joseph R. M., Tager-Flusberg H., & Lord C. (2002). Cognitive profiles and social-communicative functioning
in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43, 807-821.

Kamp-Becker, I., Ghahreman, M., Smidt, J., Remschmidt, H. (2009). Dimensional structure of the austim
phenotype: relations between early development and current presentation. Journal of Autism and
Developmental Disorders, 39, 557-71.

King, B. H., Wright, D. M., Handen, B. L., Sikich, L., Zimmerman, A. W., McMahon, W., et al. (2001).
Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of amantadine hydrochloride in the treatment of children with
autistic disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 658-665.

Klein-Tasman, B. P., Mervis, C. B., Lord, C., & Phillips, K. D. (2007). Socio-communicative deficits in young
children with Williams syndrome: Performance on the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Child
Neuropsychology, 13, 444-467.

Kleinhans, N. M., Richards, T., Sterling, L., Stegbauer, K. C., Mahurin, R., Johnson, L. C., et al. (2008).
Abnormal functional connectivity in autism spectrum disorders during face processing. Brain, 131,
1000-1012.

Kleinman, J. M., Ventola, P. E., Pandey, J., Verbalis, A. D., Barton, M., Hodgson, S., et al. (2008). Diagnostic
stability in very young children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental
Disorders, 38, 606-615.

Klin, A., Jones, W., Schultz, R., Volkmar, F., & Cohen, D. (2002). Visual fixation patterns during viewing of
naturalistic social situations as predictors of social competence in individuals with autism. Archives of
General Psychiatry, 5, 809-816.

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Klin, A., Pauls, D., Schultz, R., & Volkmar, F. (2005). Three diagnostic approaches to Asperger Syndrome:
Implications for research. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35, 221-234.

Klin, A., Saulnier, C., Sparrow, S., Cicchetti, D., Volkmar, F., & Lord, C. (2007). Social and communication
abilities and disabilities in higher functioning individuals with autism spectrum disorders: The Vineland
and ADOS. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 748-759.

Krakowiak, P., Goodlin-Jones, B., Hertz-Picciotto, I., Croen, LA., Hansen, RL. (2008). Sleep problems in
children with autism spectrum disorders, developmental delays, and typical development: a population-
based study. Journal of Sleep Research, 17, 197-206.

Lainhart, J. E., Bigler, E. D., Bocian, M., Coon, H., Dinh, E., Dawson, et al. (2006). Head circumference and
height in autism: A study by the Collaborative Program of Excellence in Autism. American Journal of
Medical Genetics, 140, 2257-2275.

Landa, R. & Garrett-Mayer, E. (2006). Development in infants with autism spectrum disorders: A prospective
study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 47, 629-638.

Le Couteur, A., Haden, G., Hammal, D., & McConachie, H. (2008). Diagnosing autism spectrum disorders in
pre-school children using two standardized assessment instruments: The ADI-R and the ADOS. Journal
of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 362-372.

Leyfer, O. T., Tager-Flusberg, H., Dowd, M., Tomblin, J. B., & Folstein, S. E. (2008). Overlap between autism
and specific language impairment: Comparison of Autism Diagnostic Interview and Autism Diagnostic
Observation Schedule scores. Autism Research: Official Journal of the International Society for Autism
Research, 1, 284-296.

Lincoln, A. J., Searcy, Y. M., Jones, W., & Lord, C. (2007). Social interaction behaviors discriminate young
children with autism and Williams syndrome. Journal of the American Academy of Child and
Adolescent Psychiatry, 46, 323-331.

Lindgren, K. A., Folstein, S. E., Tomblin, J.B., & Tager-Flusberg, H. (2009). Language and reading abilities of
children with autism spectrum disorders and specific language impairment and their first-degree
relatives. Autism Research: Official Journal of the International Society for Autism Research, 1, 22-38.

Lopez, B. R., Lincoln, A. J., Ozonoff, S., & Lai, Z. (2005). Examining the relationship between executive
functions and restricted, repetitive symptoms of autistic disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental
Disorders, 35, 445-460.

Lord, C. (1995). Follow-up of two year-olds referred for possible autism. Journal of Child Psychology and
Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 36, 1365-1382.

Lord, C., Leventhal, B. L., & Cook, E. H., Jr. (2001). Quantifying the phenotype in autism spectrum disorders.
American Journal of Medical Genetics, 105, 36-38.

Lord, C., & Risi, S. (1998). Frameworks and methods in diagnosing autism spectrum disorders. Mental
Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research, 4, 90-96.

Lord, C., Risi, S., DiLavore, P., Shulman, C., Thurm, A., & Pickles, A. (2006). Autism from 2 to 9 years of age.
Archives of General Psychiatry, 63, 694-701.

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Lord, C., Risi, S., & Pickles, A. (2004). Trajectories of language development in autistic spectrum disorders. In
M. L. Rice and S. F. Warren (Eds.), Developmental Language Disorders: From Phenotypes to
Etiologies. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.

Lord, C., Shulman, C., & DiLavore, P. (2004). Regression and word loss in autistic spectrum disorders. Journal
of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 45, 936-955.

Luna, B., Doll, S. K., Hegedus, S. J., Minshew, N. J., & Sweeney, J. A. (2007). Maturation of executive
function in autism. Biological Psychiatry, 61, 474-481.

Malow, B. A., Marzec, M. L., McGrew, S. G., Wang, L., Henderson L. M., & Stone, W. L. (2006).
Characterizing sleep in children with autism spectrum disorders: a multidimensional approach. Sleep,
29, 1563-1571.

Mazefsky, C. A., & Oswald, D. P. (2006). The discriminative ability and diagnostic utility of the ADOS-G,
ADI-R, and the GARS for children in a clinical setting. Autism, 10, 533-549.

McGovern, C. W., & Sigman, M. (2005). Continuity and change from early childhood to adolescence in autism.
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46, 401-408.

Mitchell, SR., Reiss, AL., Tatusko, DH., Ikuta, I., Kazmerski, DB., Botti, JA., Burnette, CP., Kates, WR., et al.
(2009). Neuroanatomic alterations and social and communication deficits in monozygotic twins
discordant for autism disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 166, 917-25.

Molloy, C. A., & Manning-Courtney, P. (2003). Prevalence of chronic gastrointestinal symptoms in children
with autism and autistic spectrum disorders. Autism, 7, 165-171.

Mosconi, M. W., Reznick, S. J., Mesibov, G., & Piven, J. (2009). The Social Orienting Continuum and
Response Scale (SOC-RS): A dimensional measure for preschool-aged children. Journal of Autism and
Developmental Disorders, 39, 242-250.

Moss, J. F., Oliver, C., Berg, K., Kaur, G., Jephott, L., & Cornish, K. (2008). Prevalence of autism spectrum
phenomenology in Cornelia de Lange and Cri du Chat syndromes. American Journal of Mental
Retardation, 113, 278-291.

Nadig, A. S., Ozonoff, S., Young, G. S., Rozga, A., Sigman, M., & Rogers, S. J. (2007). A prospective study of
response to name in infants at risk for autism. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 161,
378-383.

Noterdaeme, M., Mildenberger, K., & Sitter, S. (2002). Parent information and direct observation in the
diagnosis of pervasive and specific developmental disorders. Autism, 6, 159-168.

Overton, T., Fielding, C., & de Alba, R. G. (2008). Brief report: Exploratory analysis of the ADOS revised
algorithm: Specificity and predictive value with Hispanic children referred for autism spectrum
disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 1166-1169.

Owley, T., McMahon, W., Cook, E. H., Laulhere, T., South, M., Mays, L. Z., et al. (2001). Multisite, double-
blind, placebo-controlled trial of porcine secretin in autism. Journal of the American Academy of Child
and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 1293-1299.

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Ozgen, H. M., van Daalen, E., Bolton, P. F., Maloney, V. K., Huang, S., Cresswell, L., van den Boogaard, M. J.,
Eleveld, M. J., van’t Slot, R., Hochstenbach, R., Beemer, F.A., Barrow, M., Barder, J. C., & Poot, M.
(2009). Copy number changes of the microcephalin 1 gene (MCPH1) in patients with autism spectrum
disorders. Clinical Genetics, 76(4), 348-56.

Ozonoff, S., Cook, I., Coon, H., Dawson, G., Joseph, R. M., Klin, A., et al. (2004). Performance on Cambridge
Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery subtests sensitive to frontal lobe function in people with
autistic disorder: Evidence from the Collaborative Programs of Excellence in Autism Network. Journal
of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34, 139-150.

Papanikolaou, K., Paliokosta, E., Houliaras, G., Vgenopoulou, S., Giouroukou, E., Pehlivanidis, A., et al.
(2009). Using the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised and the Autism Diagnostic Observation
Schedule-Generic for the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders in a Greek sample with a wide range of
intellectual abilities. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39, 414-420.

Paul, R., Orlovski, SM., Marcinko, HC., Volkmar, F. (2009). Conversational behaviors in youth with high-
functioning ASD and Asperger syndrome. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39, 115-25.

Pasco, G., Gordon, R. K., Howlin, P., & Charman, T. (2008). The Classroom Observation Schedule to Measure
Intentional Communication (COSMIC): An observational measure of the intentional communication of
children with autism in an unstructured classroom setting. Journal of Autism and Developmental
Disorders, 38, 1807-1818.

Pickles, A., Starr, E., Kazak, S., Bolton, P., Papanikolaou, K., Bailey, A., et al. (2000). Variable expression of
the autism broader phenotype: Findings from extended pedigrees. Journal of Child Psychology and
Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 41, 491-502.
Qiao, Y., Riendeau, N., Koochek, M., Liu, X., Harvard, C., Hildebrand, M.J., Holden, J.J., Rajcan-Separovic,
E., & Lewis, M.E. (2009). Phenomic determinants of genomic variation in autism spectrum disorders.
Journal of Medical Genetics, 46(10), 680-8.
Reaven, J.A., Hepburn, S.L., & Ross, R.G. (2008). Use of the ADOS and ADI-R in children with psychosis:
Importance of clinical judgment. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 13, 81-94.

Risi, S., Lord, C., Gotham, K., Corsello, C., Chrysler, C., Szatmari, P., et al. (2006). Combining information
from multiple sources in the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders. Journal of American Academy of
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45, 1094-1103.
Rutter, M., Kreppner, J., Croft, C., Murin, M., Colvert, E., Beckett, C., et al. (2007). Early adolescent outcomes
of institutionally deprived and non-deprived adoptees. III. Quasi-autism. Journal of Child Psychology
and Psychiatry, 48, 1200-1207.
Sacco, R., Folli, A., Gritti, A., Curato, P., Manzi, B., Lenti, C., et al. (2007). Clinical, morphological, and
biochemical correlates of head circumference in autism. Biological Psychiatry, 62, 1038-1047.
Saemundsen, E., Ludvigsson, P., & Rafnsson, V. (2007). Autism spectrum disorders in children with a history
of infantile spasms: A population-based study. Journal of Child Neurology, 22, 1102-1107.
Schultz, R. T. (2005). Developmental deficits in social perception in autism: The role of the amygdale and
fusiform face area. International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, 23, 125-141.

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