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    GSM positioning techniques include cell of origin which provides low precision of 100m-35km, and timing advance which uses the timing offset value to determine a mobile's location within 550m increments. More accurate techniques require modifications to the network and include measuring the angle of arrival, round-trip time of flight between the base station and mobile, time difference of arrival by having the mobile send signals to multiple base stations, or enhanced observed time difference where base stations send signals to the mobile. However, synchronization of base stations is needed for high precision with these techniques.

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    GSM positioning techniques include cell of origin which provides low precision of 100m-35km, and timing advance which uses the timing offset value to determine a mobile's location within 550m increments. More accurate techniques require modifications to the network and include measuring the angle of arrival, round-trip time of flight between the base station and mobile, time difference of arrival by having the mobile send signals to multiple base stations, or enhanced observed time difference where base stations send signals to the mobile. However, synchronization of base stations is needed for high precision with these techniques.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    74 views28 pages

    GSM Slides5631

    Uploaded by

    pulok123
    GSM positioning techniques include cell of origin which provides low precision of 100m-35km, and timing advance which uses the timing offset value to determine a mobile's location within 550m increments. More accurate techniques require modifications to the network and include measuring the angle of arrival, round-trip time of flight between the base station and mobile, time difference of arrival by having the mobile send signals to multiple base stations, or enhanced observed time difference where base stations send signals to the mobile. However, synchronization of base stations is needed for high precision with these techniques.

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    of 28

    GSM-Network

    GSM-Positioning
    Restrictions
    SignallingSystem#7
    Conclusion

    GSM-Positioning
    Outdoorpostioning: Technologies, Characteristics and Limitations

    Bohdan Dulya
    dulyab@informatik.uni-freiburg.de

    19. Februar 2009

    Bohdan Dulya GSM-Positioning


    GSM-Network
    GSM-Positioning
    Restrictions
    SignallingSystem#7
    Conclusion

    Possible scenario

    Example: a person is in an accident but precise location is


    unknown.
    How can the rescue team to find location of this person?
    One possible solution: 911-operator localize the mobile phone of
    this person via GSM-positioning.

    Bohdan Dulya GSM-Positioning


    GSM-Network
    GSM-Positioning
    Restrictions
    SignallingSystem#7
    Conclusion

    Motivation

    Why GSM-positioning?
    existent infrastrukture
    widespread technologie

    Bohdan Dulya GSM-Positioning


    GSM-Network
    GSM-Positioning
    Restrictions
    SignallingSystem#7
    Conclusion

    GSM-Network

    Mobile Station (MS)


    Base Tranceiver Station (BTS)
    Base Station Controller (BSC)
    Mobile Switching Center (MSC)
    Visitor Location Register (VLR)
    Home Location Register (HLR)
    Authentication Center (AuC)

    Bohdan Dulya GSM-Positioning


    GSM-Network Timing Advance
    GSM-Positioning Angle Of Arrival
    Restrictions Round-Trip-Time-of-Flight
    SignallingSystem#7 Time Difference Of Arrival
    Conclusion Enhanced Observed Time Difference

    GSM-Positioning

    Positioning architecturea
    mobile-based (a)
    network-based (b)
    hybrid (c)
    a
    LSC - location service center

    Bohdan Dulya GSM-Positioning


    GSM-Network Timing Advance
    GSM-Positioning Angle Of Arrival
    Restrictions Round-Trip-Time-of-Flight
    SignallingSystem#7 Time Difference Of Arrival
    Conclusion Enhanced Observed Time Difference

    Cell Of Origin (COO)

    Position of mobile phone is the


    position of cell, in which the
    mobile phone is registered
    Cell size 100 m-35 km
    precision: 100 m-35 km

    Bohdan Dulya GSM-Positioning


    GSM-Network Timing Advance
    GSM-Positioning Angle Of Arrival
    Restrictions Round-Trip-Time-of-Flight
    SignallingSystem#7 Time Difference Of Arrival
    Conclusion Enhanced Observed Time Difference

    COO with Cell Sector (COO CS)

    Extension of COO:
    position of mobile phone is the
    position of cell and sector, in
    which the mobile phone is
    registered

    Mostly 3 sectors ever 120


    degree

    Bohdan Dulya GSM-Positioning


    GSM-Network Timing Advance
    GSM-Positioning Angle Of Arrival
    Restrictions Round-Trip-Time-of-Flight
    SignallingSystem#7 Time Difference Of Arrival
    Conclusion Enhanced Observed Time Difference

    COO with Cell Sector (COO CS)

    precision: 100 m-35 km

    Bohdan Dulya GSM-Positioning


    GSM-Network Timing Advance
    GSM-Positioning Angle Of Arrival
    Restrictions Round-Trip-Time-of-Flight
    SignallingSystem#7 Time Difference Of Arrival
    Conclusion Enhanced Observed Time Difference

    COO with CS and Received Signal Strength

    Extension of COO CS:


    measuring the signal strength
    of mobile phone in the sector

    precision: 100 m-20 km

    Bohdan Dulya GSM-Positioning


    GSM-Network Timing Advance
    GSM-Positioning Angle Of Arrival
    Restrictions Round-Trip-Time-of-Flight
    SignallingSystem#7 Time Difference Of Arrival
    Conclusion Enhanced Observed Time Difference

    generally

    COO and modifications of this


    + simple method
    + only one cell required
    + low modification on network

    - precision

    Bohdan Dulya GSM-Positioning


    GSM-Network Timing Advance
    GSM-Positioning Angle Of Arrival
    Restrictions Round-Trip-Time-of-Flight
    SignallingSystem#7 Time Difference Of Arrival
    Conclusion Enhanced Observed Time Difference

    generally

    COO and modifications of this


    passive self-positioning possible
    active positioning from BTS only when mobile phone is
    active“
    ”
    BTS can activate“ the mobile phone with stille sms“
    ” ”

    Bohdan Dulya GSM-Positioning


    GSM-Network Timing Advance
    GSM-Positioning Angle Of Arrival
    Restrictions Round-Trip-Time-of-Flight
    SignallingSystem#7 Time Difference Of Arrival
    Conclusion Enhanced Observed Time Difference

    Timing Advance (TA)

    Timing advance value - when


    send MS the signal to BTS
    value 0 to 63 (equates
    0 m-35 km)
    one unit 3,69 µs equates
    550 m

    Bohdan Dulya GSM-Positioning


    GSM-Network Timing Advance
    GSM-Positioning Angle Of Arrival
    Restrictions Round-Trip-Time-of-Flight
    SignallingSystem#7 Time Difference Of Arrival
    Conclusion Enhanced Observed Time Difference

    Angle Of Arrival (AOA)


    Measuring the AOA of a signal
    from BTS at MS or
    the AOA of a signal from MS
    at BTS

    better precision
    50 m-150 m
    extension required
    (antenna with angle
    measurement unit)
    only active“ mobile
    ”
    phone
    only remote positioning
    Bohdan Dulya GSM-Positioning
    GSM-Network Timing Advance
    GSM-Positioning Angle Of Arrival
    Restrictions Round-Trip-Time-of-Flight
    SignallingSystem#7 Time Difference Of Arrival
    Conclusion Enhanced Observed Time Difference

    Round-Trip-Time-of-Flight (RToF)

    Measuring the propagation time -


    the time of travel of signal between
    BTS and MS
    BTS sent a signal and wait for a
    response from MS

    Bohdan Dulya GSM-Positioning


    GSM-Network Timing Advance
    GSM-Positioning Angle Of Arrival
    Restrictions Round-Trip-Time-of-Flight
    SignallingSystem#7 Time Difference Of Arrival
    Conclusion Enhanced Observed Time Difference

    Round-Trip-Time-of-Flight (RToF)

    Signal from minimum 3


    BTS required

    Precision is dependent on
    delay time on BTS/MS

    50 m-150 m
    mobile phone must be
    active“
    ”

    Bohdan Dulya GSM-Positioning


    GSM-Network Timing Advance
    GSM-Positioning Angle Of Arrival
    Restrictions Round-Trip-Time-of-Flight
    SignallingSystem#7 Time Difference Of Arrival
    Conclusion Enhanced Observed Time Difference

    Time Difference Of Arrival (TDOA)

    MS sent simultaneous signals


    to two or more BTS
    Each BTS compute the time
    difference and convert this to
    distance to MS

    Bohdan Dulya GSM-Positioning


    GSM-Network Timing Advance
    GSM-Positioning Angle Of Arrival
    Restrictions Round-Trip-Time-of-Flight
    SignallingSystem#7 Time Difference Of Arrival
    Conclusion Enhanced Observed Time Difference

    Enhanced Observed Time Difference (EOTD)

    Two or more BTS sent


    simultaneous signals to MS
    MS compute the time
    difference of each BTS and
    convert this to distance to
    BTS

    Bohdan Dulya GSM-Positioning


    GSM-Network Timing Advance
    GSM-Positioning Angle Of Arrival
    Restrictions Round-Trip-Time-of-Flight
    SignallingSystem#7 Time Difference Of Arrival
    Conclusion Enhanced Observed Time Difference

    TDOA & EOTD

    BTS must be exactly synchronised


    time delay of 1 µs involve 150 m inaccuracy
    bias error possible when unsynchronised
    passive positioning possible

    Bohdan Dulya GSM-Positioning


    GSM-Network
    GSM-Positioning
    Restrictions
    SignallingSystem#7
    Conclusion

    Falsifikation of signal

    Abbildung: Reflection Abbildung: Refraction

    Bohdan Dulya GSM-Positioning


    GSM-Network
    GSM-Positioning
    Restrictions
    SignallingSystem#7
    Conclusion

    Falsifikation of signal

    Abbildung: Dispersion Abbildung: Flexion

    Bohdan Dulya GSM-Positioning


    GSM-Network
    GSM-Positioning
    Restrictions
    SignallingSystem#7
    Conclusion

    SignallingSystem#7

    SignallingSystem#7 (SS7)
    Standardprotokoll of digital phonenetwork
    no authentication built in
    Mobile Application Part (MAP) - part of SS7 that specifies
    additional signalling

    Bohdan Dulya GSM-Positioning


    GSM-Network
    GSM-Positioning
    Restrictions
    SignallingSystem#7
    Conclusion

    SignallingSystem#7

    Bohdan Dulya GSM-Positioning


    GSM-Network
    GSM-Positioning
    Restrictions
    SignallingSystem#7
    Conclusion

    SignallingSystem#7

    Bohdan Dulya GSM-Positioning


    GSM-Network
    GSM-Positioning
    Restrictions
    SignallingSystem#7
    Conclusion

    SignallingSystem#7

    Successful request returns


    IMSI (International Mobile
    Subscriber Identity)
    global title“ of MSC you are
    ”
    using
    user error if phone is not
    available

    Bohdan Dulya GSM-Positioning


    GSM-Network
    GSM-Positioning
    Restrictions
    SignallingSystem#7
    Conclusion

    SignallingSystem#7

    Bohdan Dulya GSM-Positioning


    GSM-Network
    GSM-Positioning
    Restrictions
    SignallingSystem#7
    Conclusion

    SignallingSystem#7

    New 3GPP standard will fix this problem − > home routing“
    ”

    Bohdan Dulya GSM-Positioning


    GSM-Network
    GSM-Positioning
    Restrictions
    SignallingSystem#7
    Conclusion

    Precision of GSM-Positioning

    Method Precision
    Cell of Origin (COO) 100 m - 35 km
    COO with Cell Sector 100 m - 35 km
    COO with CS and Received Signal Strength 100 m - 20 km
    Angle Of Arrival (AOA) 50 m - 150 m
    Round-Trip-Time-of-Flight (RToF) 50 m - 150 m
    Time Difference Of Arrival (TDOA) 50 m - 150 m
    Enhanced Observed Time Difference (EOTD) 50 m - 150 m

    Precision of GSM-Positioning

    Bohdan Dulya GSM-Positioning


    GSM-Network
    GSM-Positioning
    Restrictions
    SignallingSystem#7
    Conclusion

    Questions???

    Bohdan Dulya GSM-Positioning

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