UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN KIMIA

NUMERICAL METHOD AND OPTIMIZATION

(CHE555)

NUMERICAL METHOD
ASSIGNMENT 3 & 4

NAME : MOHD RUSYDI BIN MOHD RIDZUAN

STUDENT NUMBER : 2007286874

PROGRAMME/CODE : EH220

SEMESTER :4

GROUP : EH2204B
LECTURER : MOHAMMAD JINDRA BIN ARIS
ASSIGNMENT 3

Question 1

State the criterion that must be fulfilled for the inverse matrix and Cramer’s Rule to work in solving
simultaneous linear equations.

a) For the inverse matrix;

i- Inverse matrix only exist if determinant(A) ≠ 0
ii- Degree of freedom = (unknown variable – independent equation) = 0
iii-

a) For the Cramer’s Rule;

i- Degree of freedom = (unknown variable – independent equation) = 0
ii- Cramer’s Rule only exist if determinant(A) is nonzero
iii-

Question 2

For the following system of equations

2x1 + x2 – x3 = 1

5x1 + 2x2 + 2x3 = -4

3x1 + x2 + x3 = 5

Let A = 2 1-15 2 23 1 1 and C= 1-45

a) Compute the determinant

By using MATLAB

To find the determinant of A

Command Window
>> A = [2 1 -1;5 2 2;3 1 1]

A=

2 1 -1

5 2 2

3 1 1

>> det(A)

ans =

b) Use Cramer’s Rule to solve for all of X’s

To find X1

Substitute C in the first column and find its determinant,

B=

1 1 -1

-4 2 2

5 1 1

>> det(B)

ans =
 28

X1=determinant(B)determinatA

= 282

= 14

To find X2

Substitute C in the second column and find its determinant,

D = [2 1 -1; 5 -4 2; 3 5 1]

D=

2 1 -1

5 -4 2

3 5 1

>> det(D)

ans =

-64

X2=determinant(D)determinatA
 = -642

= -32

To find X3

Substitute C in the third column and find its determinant,

E = [2 1 1; 5 2 -4; 3 1 5]

E=

2 1 1

5 2 -4

3 1 5

>> det(E)

ans =

-10

X3=determinant(E)determinatA

= -102

= -5

Thus,

X=14-32-5

a) Use Gauss elimination to solve for all of X’s

From

21-15223111-45 R1÷ 5R1-

11/2-1/25223111/2-45 11/2-1/201/2- 2×R
9/23111/213/25 2 R2 2

3R1-
11/2-1/201-93111/2135 11/2-1/201-901/2-5/21/213-7/2
R1- R3÷(-2)
R3
11/2-1/201-900-21/21310 R3

11/2-1/201-90011/213-5

From the final matrix,

 X3 = -5

X2 – 9X3 = 13

X2 – 9(-5) = 13

 X2 = -32

X1 + 0.5X2 – 0.5X3 = 0.5

X1 + 0.5(-32) – 0.5(-5) = 0.5

 X1 = 14

Thus,

X=14-32-5

Question 3

a) State the convergence criteria for using Gauss-Seidel method in solving simultaneous linear
equations

Simple fixed-point iteration had two fundamental problems

i. It was sometimes nonconvergent

ii. When it converged, it often did so very slowly

Convergence criteria can be developed and sufficient conditions for convergence of two nonlinear
equations, u(x, y) and v(x, y), are

∂u∂x+∂u∂y<1 and
∂v∂x+∂v∂y<1

These criteria also apply to linear equations of the sort we are solving with the Gauss-Seidel method. For
example, in the case of two simultaneous equations, the Gauss-Seidel algorithm can be expressed as

ux1,x2=b1a11-a1a11x2

And

vx1,x2=b2a22-a2a22x1

The partial derivatives of these equations can be evaluated with respect to each of the unknowns as

∂u∂x1=0 ∂u∂x2=-a12a11

And

∂v∂x1=-a21a22 ∂v∂x2=0

Which can be substituted, to give:

a12a11<1 and

a21a22<1

In other words, the absolute values of the slopes must be less than unity to ensure convergence. This is
displayed graphically. Then,

a11>a12

And

a22>a21

That is, the diagonal element must be greater than the off-diagonal element for each row. The extension
of the above to n equations is straightforward and can be expressed as

aij>j=1j≠inai,j

a) Explain the importance of convergence using relaxation

Relaxation represents a slight modification of the Gauss-Siedel method and is designed to enhance
convergence.

After each new value of x is compiled using equation (a), that value is modified by weighted average
of the results of the previous and the present iterations:

xi=bi-a12x2-a13x3a11
x2=b2-a21x1-a23x3a22

x3=b3-a31x1-a32x2a33

xinew=λxinew-1-λxiold

Where λ is a weighting factor that is assigned a value between 0 and 2. If λ = 1, (1 - λ) is equal to 0

and the result is unmodified. However, if λ is set at a value between 0 and 1, the result is a weighted
average of the present and the previous results. This type of modification is called underrelaxation. It
is employed to make a nonconvergent system converge or to hasten convergence by dampening out
oscillations.

For values λ from 1 to 2, extra weight is placed on the present value. In this instance, there is an
implicit assumption that the new value is moving in the correct direction towards the true solution but
at too slow rate. Thus, the added weight of λ is intended to improve the the estimate by pushing it
closer to the truth. Hence, this type of modification, which is called overrelaxation, is designed to
accelerate the convergence of an already convergent system. The approach is also called successive or
simultaneous overrelaxation or SOR.

The choice of proper value for λ is highly problem-specific and is often determined empirically. For a
single solution of a set of equations, it is often unnecessary. However, if the system under study is to
be solved repeatedly, the efficiency introduced by a wise choice of λ can be extremely important.
Good examples are the very large systems of partial differential equations that often arise when
modeling continuous variations of variables.
Question 4

By solving this question using The Cramer’s Rule,

Let A = 102-1-3-62115 and C= 27-61.5-21.5

A×X=C

102-1-3-62115 ×X1X2X3 = 27-61.5-21.5

By using MATLAB Programming,

Command Window

>> A = [10 2 -1; -3 -6 2; 1 1 5]

A=

10 2 -1

-3 -6 2

1 1 5

>> det(A)

ans =

-289

>> A1 = [27 2 -1; -61.5 -6 2; -21.5 1 5]

A1 =
 27.0000 2.0000 -1.0000

-61.5000 -6.0000 2.0000

-21.5000 1.0000 5.0000

>> det(A1)

ans =

-144.5000

>> X1 = det(A1)/det(A)

X1 =

0.5000

>> A2 = [10 27 -1; -3 -61.5 2; 1 -21.5 5]

A2 =

10.0000 27.0000 -1.0000

-3.0000 -61.5000 2.0000

1.0000 -21.5000 5.0000

>> det(A2)

ans =
 -2312

>> X2 = det(A2)/det(A)

X2 =

>> A3 = [10 2 27; -3 -6 -61.5; 1 1 -21.5]

A3 =

10.0000 2.0000 27.0000

-3.0000 -6.0000 -61.5000

1.0000 1.0000 -21.5000

>> det(A3)

ans =

1.7340e+003

>> X3 = det(A3)/det(A)

X3 =
-6.0000

 X=0.58-6
Question 5

The problem of two dimensional heat transfers can be solved using finite difference method. Usually, this
will result in a number of simultaneous linear equations that need to be solved for temperature node.
Solve the following simultaneous equations that resulted from finite difference method:

T2 + T3 + 1000 – 4T1 = 0

T1 + T4 + T5 + 500 – 4T3 = 0

T3 + T6 + T7 + 500 – 4T5 = 0

2T1 + T4 + 500 – 4T2 = 0

T2 + 2T3 + T6 – 4T4 = 0

T4 + 2T5 + T8 – 4T6 = 0

2T5 + T8 + 2000 – 9T7 = 0

2T6 + T7 + 1500 – 9T8 = 0

• Rearrange the above equation in their order

– 4T1 + T2 + T3 = – 1000
T1 – 4T3 + T4 + T5 = – 500
T3 – 4T5 + T6 + T7 = – 500
2T1 + T4 – 4T5 = – 500
T2 + 2T3 – 4T4 + T6 =0
T4 + 2T5 – 4T6 + T8 =0
2T5 – 9T7 + T8 = – 2000
2T6 + 2T7 – 9T8 = – 1500

-4110020000001000 10-4110200001-4100 0010-4-40220101-402 00001000-

9200011-9xT₁T₂T₃T₄T₅T₆T₇T₈= -1000-500-500-50000-2000-1500

By using the MATLAB programming

Cramer’s Rule

Command Window
>> A = [-4 1 1 0 0 0 0 0; 1 0 -4 1 1 0 0 0; 0 0 1 0 -4 1 1 0; 2 0 0 1 -4 0 0 0; 0 1 2 -4 0 1 0 0; 0 0 0 1 2 -4 0
1; 0 0 0 0 2 0 -9 1; 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 -9]

A=

-4 1 1 0 0 0 0 0

1 0 -4 1 1 0 0 0

0 0 1 0 -4 1 1 0

2 0 0 1 -4 0 0 0

0 1 2 -4 0 1 0 0

0 0 0 1 2 -4 0 1

0 0 0 0 2 0 -9 1

0 0 0 0 0 2 2 -9

>> det(A)

ans =

24172

>> A1 = [-1000 1 1 0 0 0 0 0; -500 0 -4 1 1 0 0 0; -500 0 1 0 -4 1 1 0; -500 0 0 1 -4 0 0 0; 0 1 2 -4 0 1 0 0;

0 0 0 1 2 -4 0 1; -2000 0 0 0 2 0 -9 1; -1500 0 0 0 0 2 2 -9]

A1 =

-1000 1 1 0 0 0 0 0

-500 0 -4 1 1 0 0 0
 -500 0 1 0 -4 1 1 0

-500 0 0 1 -4 0 0 0

0 1 2 -4 0 1 0 0

0 0 0 1 2 -4 0 1

-2000 0 0 0 2 0 -9 1

-1500 0 0 0 0 2 2 -9

>> det(A1)

ans =

9548000

>> X1 = det(A1)/det(A)

X1 =

395.0025

>> A2 = [-4 -1000 1 0 0 0 0 0; 1 -500 -4 1 1 0 0 0; 0 -500 1 0 -4 1 1 0; 2 -500 0 1 -4 0 0 0; 0 0 2 -4 0 1 0

0; 0 0 0 1 2 -4 0 1; 0 -2000 0 0 2 0 -9 1; 0 -1500 0 0 0 2 2 -9]

A2 =

-4 -1000 1 0 0 0 0 0

1 -500 -4 1 1 0 0 0

0 -500 1 0 -4 1 1 0
 2 -500 0 1 -4 0 0 0

0 0 2 -4 0 1 0 0

0 0 0 1 2 -4 0 1

0 -2000 0 0 2 0 -9 1

0 -1500 0 0 0 2 2 -9

>> det(A2)

ans =

4092000

>> X2 = det(A2)/det(A)

X2 =

169.2868

>> A3 = [-4 1 -1000 0 0 0 0 0; 1 0 -500 1 1 0 0 0; 0 0 -500 0 -4 1 1 0; 2 0 -500 1 -4 0 0 0; 0 1 0 -4 0 1 0 0;

0 0 0 1 2 -4 0 1; 0 0 -2000 0 2 0 -9 1; 0 0 -1500 0 0 2 2 -9]

A3 =

-4 1 -1000 0 0 0 0 0

1 0 -500 1 1 0 0 0

0 0 -500 0 -4 1 1 0

2 0 -500 1 -4 0 0 0
 0 1 0 -4 0 1 0 0

0 0 0 1 2 -4 0 1

0 0 -2000 0 2 0 -9 1

0 0 -1500 0 0 2 2 -9

>> det(A3)

ans =

9928000

>> X3 = det(A3)/det(A)

X3 =

410.7232

>> A4 = [-4 1 1 -1000 0 0 0 0; 1 0 -4 -500 1 0 0 0; 0 0 1 -500 -4 1 1 0; 2 0 0 -500 -4 0 0 0; 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 0;

0 0 0 0 2 -4 0 1; 0 0 0 -2000 2 0 -9 1; 0 0 0 -1500 0 2 2 -9]

A4 =

-4 1 1 -1000 0 0 0 0

1 0 -4 -500 1 0 0 0

0 0 1 -500 -4 1 1 0

2 0 0 -500 -4 0 0 0

0 1 2 0 0 1 0 0
 0 0 0 0 2 -4 0 1

0 0 0 -2000 2 0 -9 1

0 0 0 -1500 0 2 2 -9

>> det(A4)

ans =

8226000

>> X4 = det(A4)/det(A)

X4 =

340.3111

>> A5 = [-4 1 1 0 -1000 0 0 0; 1 0 -4 1 -500 0 0 0; 0 0 1 0 -500 1 1 0; 2 0 0 1 -500 0 0 0; 0 1 2 -4 0 1 0 0;

0 0 0 1 0 -4 0 1; 0 0 0 0 -2000 0 -9 1; 0 0 0 0 -1500 2 2 -9]

A5 =

-4 1 1 0 -1000 0 0 0

1 0 -4 1 -500 0 0 0

0 0 1 0 -500 1 1 0

2 0 0 1 -500 0 0 0

0 1 2 -4 0 1 0 0
 0 0 0 1 0 -4 0 1

0 0 0 0 -2000 0 -9 1

0 0 0 0 -1500 2 2 -9

>> X5 = det(A5)/det(A)

X5 =

407.5790

>> A6 = [-4 1 1 0 0 -1000 0 0; 1 0 -4 1 1 -500 0 0; 0 0 1 0 -4 -500 1 0; 2 0 0 1 -4 -500 0 0; 0 1 2 -4 0 0 0

0; 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 1; 0 0 0 0 2 -2000 -9 1; 0 0 0 0 0 -1500 2 -9]

A6 =

-4 1 1 0 0 -1000 0 0

1 0 -4 1 1 -500 0 0

0 0 1 0 -4 -500 1 0

2 0 0 1 -4 -500 0 0

0 1 2 -4 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 1 2 0 0 1

0 0 0 0 2 -2000 -9 1

0 0 0 0 0 -1500 2 -9

>> X6 = det(A6)/det(A)

X6 =
 370.5113

>> A7 = [-4 1 1 0 0 0 -1000 0; 1 0 -4 1 1 0 -500 0; 0 0 1 0 -4 1 -500 0; 2 0 0 1 -4 0 -500 0; 0 1 2 -4 0 1 0

0; 0 0 0 1 2 -4 0 1; 0 0 0 0 2 0 -2000 1; 0 0 0 0 0 2 -1500 -9]

A7 =

-4 1 1 0 0 0 -1000 0

1 0 -4 1 1 0 -500 0

0 0 1 0 -4 1 -500 0

2 0 0 1 -4 0 -500 0

0 1 2 -4 0 1 0 0

0 0 0 1 2 -4 0 1

0 0 0 0 2 0 -2000 1

0 0 0 0 0 2 -1500 -9

>> det(A7)

ans =

8438000

>> X7 = det(A7)/det(A)

X7 =

349.0816
>> A8 = [-4 1 1 0 0 0 0 -1000; 1 0 -4 1 1 0 0 -500; 0 0 1 0 -4 1 1 -500; 2 0 0 1 -4 0 0 -500; 0 1 2 -4 0 1 0
0; 0 0 0 1 2 -4 0 0; 0 0 0 0 2 0 -9 -2000; 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 -1500]

A8 =

-4 1 1 0 0 0 0 -1000

1 0 -4 1 1 0 0 -500

0 0 1 0 -4 1 1 -500

2 0 0 1 -4 0 0 -500

0 1 2 -4 0 1 0 0

0 0 0 1 2 -4 0 0

0 0 0 0 2 0 -9 -2000

0 0 0 0 0 2 2 -1500

>> det(A8)

ans =

7894000

>> X8 = det(A8)/det(A)

X8 =

326.5762
Thus,

➢ T1 = 395.0025
➢ T2 = 169.2868
➢ T3 = 410.7232
➢ T4 = 340.3111
➢ T5 = 407.5790
➢ T6 = 370.5113
➢ T7 = 349.0816
➢ T8 = 326.5762
ASSIGNMENT 4

Question 1

State the four assumptions required for the least squares method of regression to be valid

Answer:

a) Each x has a fixed value; it is not random and is known without error
b) The y values are independent random variables and all have the same variance
c) The y values for a given x must be normally distributed
d)

Question 2

Determine the best correlation (linear regression) for the prediction of boiling points of pure water at the
P = 0.5 atm up to water’s critical point. The regression must include residual analysis (e):

a) P = 0.5 atm, T = ?

Until PCr = 22064 kPa TCr = 373.95˚C

P (atm) T (deg C)
0.5 81.6
1 100.0
10 180.5
20 213.1
30 234.6
40 251.1
50 264.8
60 276.4
70 286.7
80 295.9
90 304.3
100 312.0
110 319.1
120 325.7
130 331.9
140 337.7
150 343.2
160 348.4
170 353.4
180 358.1
190 362.6
200 366.8
210 370.9
From the graph, at P = 0.5atm

➢ Boiling point temperature = 179.64˚C

b) To find the residual from this equation;

y = a0 + a1x + e

By rearrange the formula, the residual is;

∑e=∑(yi-a0-a1xi)

And

a1=n∑xiyi-∑xiyin∑xi2-(∑xi)2

a0=y-a1x̅

From the Analysis Toolpak in Excel,

The residual value,

∑e=∑(yi-a0-a1xi)

= 1229.591955

Question 3
Using the steam table, perform the necessary multiple regression to predict the values of enthalpy of
superheated steam applicable for the following conditions:

Pressure: 100 kPa to 700 kPa

Temperature: 350˚C to 650˚C

The regression must include residual analysis.

P (kPa) T ( ˚C) H (kJ/kg) P (kPa) T (˚C) H (kJ/kg)

100 350 3175.8 400 550 3593.6

100 400 3278.6 400 600 3703.3

100 450 3382.8 400 650 3814.6

100 500 3488.7 500 350 3168.2

100 550 3596.3 500 400 3272.4

100 600 3705.6 500 450 3377.8

100 650 3816.6 500 500 3484.5

200 350 3173.9 500 550 3592.7

200 400 3277 500 600 3702.5

200 450 3381.6 500 650 3814

200 500 3487.7 600 350 3166.3

200 550 3595.4 600 400 3270.8

200 600 3704.8 600 450 3376.5

200 650 3815.9 600 500 3483.4

300 350 3172 600 550 3591.8

300 400 3275.5 600 600 3701.7

300 450 3380.3 600 650 3813.3

300 500 3486.6 700 350 3164.3

300 550 3594.5 700 400 3269.3

300 600 3704 700 450 3375.2

300 650 3815.3 700 500 3482.3

400 350 3170.1 700 550 3590.9

400 400 3273.9 700 600 3701

400 450 3379 700 650 3812.6

400 500 3485.5

Regression Statistics

Multiple R 0.991981985

R Square 0.984028259

Adjusted R Square 0.962411839

Standard Error 451.0197864

Observations 49

Residual Output

PROBABILITY
Observat Predicted H Standard
Residuals OUTPUT
ion (kJ/kg) Residuals
H (kJ/kg)
1 2242.4825 933.3175 2.112919373 3164.3
727.117755
2 2551.482245 1.646107773 3166.3
1
522.318010
3 2860.48199 1.182465606 3168.2
2
319.218265
4 3169.481735 0.722672035 3170.1
3
117.818520
5 3478.48148 0.266727062 3172
4
-
6 3787.481224 81.8812244 -0.185369315 3173.9
9
-
7 4096.480969 279.880969 -0.633617094 3175.8
4
851.933214
8 2321.966786 1.928675069 3269.3
3
646.033469
9 2630.966531 1.462542632 3270.8
4
441.633724
10 2939.966276 0.999806017 3272.4
5
238.733979
11 3248.96602 0.540465223 3273.9
6
37.4342346
12 3557.965765 0.084746637 3275.5
9
-
13 3866.96551 162.165510 -0.367123351 3277
2
 -
14 4175.965255 360.065255 -0.815144742 3278.6
1
770.548928
15 2401.451071 1.744430764 3375.2
6
565.049183
16 2710.450816 1.27920388 3376.5
7
360.849438
17 3019.450561 0.816920041 3377.8
8
158.149693
18 3328.450306 0.358032022 3379
9
-
19 3637.450051 42.9500510 -0.097233787 3380.3
2
-
20 3946.449796 242.449795 -0.548877387 3381.6
9
-
21 4255.449541 440.149540 -0.996446003 3382.8
8
689.164642
22 2480.935357 1.560186459 3482.3
9
23 2789.935102 483.964898 1.095638739 3483.4
280.065153
24 3098.934847 0.634034064 3484.5
1
77.5654081
25 3407.934592 0.175598822 3485.5
6
-
26 3716.934337 123.334336 -0.279214211 3486.6
7
-
27 4025.934082 322.634081 -0.730405035 3487.7
6
-
28 4334.933827 520.333826 -1.177973651 3488.7
5
607.780357
29 2560.419643 1.375942154 3590.9
1
402.980612
30 2869.419388 0.912299987 3591.8
2
199.380867
31 3178.419133 0.451374476 3592.7
3
-
32 3487.418878 2.91887755 -0.00660799 3593.6
1
-
33 3796.418622 203.718622 -0.461194635 3594.5
4
 -
34 4105.418367 402.918367 -0.912159072 3595.4
3
-
35 4414.418112 600.418112 -1.359274911 3596.3
2
526.396071
36 2639.903929 1.191697849 3701
4
321.896326
37 2948.903673 0.728734846 3701.7
5
118.596581
38 3257.903418 0.268488499 3702.5
6
-
39 3566.903163 83.5031632 -0.189041191 3703.3
7
-
40 3875.902908 284.102908 -0.64317506 3704
2
-
41 4184.902653 483.202653 -1.093913108 3704.8
1
42 4493.902398 -680.602398 -1.540802559 3705.6
444.911785
43 2719.388214 1.007227156 3812.6
7
240.912040
44 3028.387959 0.545396093 3813.3
8
37.8122959
45 3337.387704 0.085602523 3814
2
46 3646.387449 -164.087449 -0.371474391 3814.6
-
47 3955.387194 364.487193 -0.825155484 3815.3
9
-
48 4264.386939 563.386938 -1.275440756 3815.9
8
-
49 4573.386684 760.786683 -1.722330207 3816.6
7
Sum =
3951.605
Question 4

Repeat question 2 but use the empirical model of Antoinne’s Equation

lnP*=A-BT-C

You must perform non-linear regression to determine the best values of A, B and C.

Rearrange,

Tpredict=BA-lnP*+C

Solution:
 P T T_pred(˚ C) e=T- e^2 T - T_avg (T - T_avg)^2
(atm) (˚C) T_pred

0.5 81.6 82.5741896 -1.0 0.9490454101 - 42507.6824196

2 206.1739130435 597

1 100.0 100.798342 -0.8 0.6373505519 - 35259.0424196

4 187.7739130435 597

10 180.5 180.400964 0.1 0.0098080498 - 11507.6924196

4 107.2739130435 597

20 213.1 212.502380 0.6 0.3571495000 -74.6739130435 5576.19328922

1 50

30 234.6 233.732083 0.9 0.7532797441 -53.1739130435 2827.46502835

1 54

40 251.1 250.079447 1.0 1.0415282844 -36.6739130435 1344.97589792

1 06

50 264.8 263.578928 1.2 1.4910150926 -22.9739130435 527.800680529

7 3

60 276.4 275.187978 1.2 1.4689957471 -11.3739130435 129.365897920

7 6

70 286.7 285.439698 1.3 1.5883592147 -1.0739130435 1.1532892250

8

80 295.9 294.663794 1.2 1.5282041308 8.1260869565 66.0332892250

5

90 304.3 303.079501 1.2 1.4896165993 16.5260869565 273.111550094

5 5

100 312.0 310.840565 1.2 1.3442883507 24.2260869565 586.903289225

5 0

110 319.1 318.059295 1.0 1.0830652435 31.3260869565 981.323724007

8 6

120 325.7 324.820428 0.9 0.7736464308 37.9260869565 1438.38807183

3 37

130 331.9 331.189596 0.7 0.5046737380 44.1260869565 1947.11155009

1 45

140 337.7 337.218754 0.5 0.2315971183 49.9260869565 2492.61415879

6 02

150 343.2 342.949793 0.3 0.0626035020 55.4260869565 3072.05111531

TC = 647 K
PC = 218 atm

To find the regression, R2;

R2=1-SSESST

Where,

Sum of square error, SSE

SSE=i=1n(yi-yipred)2

= 21.4103233639

Sum of square total, SST

SST=i=1n(yi-y̅)2 y=i=1nyin = 287.8˚C

= 142220.9843478260

Hence,

 R2=1-21.4103233639142220.9843478260

 R2= 0.999849457

From the regression, by using the Data Solver in Excel,

The value of constant A, B and C are:

➢ A = 11.8161341
➢ B = 3886.240338
➢ C = -228.0943652