Professional Documents
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Air Pollution 2
2. Hazardous Waste (including nuclear waste) 15
3. Noise Pollution 18
4. Water Pollution 22
5. Waste Disposal 28
6. Parks, Lakes, Rivers, Open Space and other Recreation 31
7. Wilderness, Wetlands, Wildlife and Biodiversity 37
8. Health, and Health and Safety Regulation 47
9. Crime and Drug Abuse (Including Alcohol) 66
10. Transportation/Transit (Including Safety) 76
11. Energy and Energy Conservation 90
12. Education and Employment/Training Programs 96
13. R&D 106
14. Development, Industrial Policy and Regulation (not Professional) 110
15. Professional Regulation 117
16. Public Infrastructure (Non-Transit) 118
17. Recreational and Commercial Fisheries 120
18. Forestry 123
19. Migration 127
20. Water 129
21. Housing and Zoning 133
22. Redistribution Programs 135
23. Agriculture and Rural Life 137
24. Information 143
25. Tourism, Sports, Culture and Entertainment 145
26. Gambling 148
27. Social Programs 149
Adams, R., Adams, D., Callaway, J., Chang, C. & McCarl, B. “Sequestering Carbon on
Agricultural Land: Social Cost and Impacts on Timber Markets,” Contemporary
Policy Issues 11(4): 76-87, 1993.
Adams, R., Callaway, J. & McCarl, B. “Pollution, Agriculture, and Social Welfare: The
Case of Acid Deposition,” Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics 34(1): 3-
19, 1986.
Adams, R., Hamilton, S, Carl, B. “The Benefits of Pollution Control: The Case of Ozone
and U.S. Agriculture,” American Journal of Agricultural Economics 68(4): 886-
93, 1986.
Agee, M. & Fah, K. “Social Discount Rates from Stratospheric Ozone Control,” The
Economic Record 71(213): 191-96, 1995.
Anderson, R. & Ostro, B. “Benefits Analysis and Air Quality Standard,” Natural
Resources Journal 3(3): 566-75, 1983.
Austin, D., Krupnick, A., Burtraw, D. & Stoessell, T. “The Benefits of Air Pollutant
Emissions Reductions in Maryland: Results From the Maryland Externalities
Screening and Valuation Model,” Resources For the Future, Discussion Paper 99-
05, 1998.
Austin, D. & Dinan, T. “Clearing the Air: The Costs and Consequences of Higher CAFE
Standards and Increased Gasoline Taxes,” Journal of Environmental Economics
and Management 50(3): 562-582, 2005.
Beaton, S., Bishop, G., Zhang, Y., Ashbaugh, L., Lawson, D. & Stedman, D. “On-Road
Vehicle Emissions: Regulations, Costs and Benefits,” Science 268(5213): 991-93,
1995.
Bell, P., Loomis, R. Malm, W. & McGlothin, G. Test of an Ordered Logit Model of the
Impact of Impaired Visibility on Visitor Enjoyment of the Grand Canyon Fort
Collins, CO: Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, 1984.
Bender, B., et al. “Choice of Functional Form and the Demand for Air Quality,” Review
of Economics and Statistics 62(4): 638-43, 1980
Bower, B., Brady, G. & Lakhani, H. “Benefit-Cost Analysis in Air Quality Management:
the Case for Less Developed Countries,” Journal of Environmental Management
14(3): 265-82, 1982.
Boyd, R., Krutilla, K. & Viscusi, W. “Energy Taxation as a Policy Instrument to Reduce
CO2 Emissions: Net Benefit Analysis,” Journal of Environmental Economics and
Management 29(1): 1-24, 1995.
Brady, G., Bower, B. and Lakhami, H. “Estimates of the National Benefits and Costs of
Improving Ambient Air Quality,” Journal of Environment Management 16(3):
191-210, 1983.
Brown, D. & Smith, M. “Crop Substitution in the Estimation of Economic Benefits Due
to Ozone Reduction,” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management
11(3): 347-60, 1984.
Burtraw, D., Bharvirkar, R. & McGuinness, M. “Uncertainty and the Net Benefits of
Emissions Reductions of Nitrous Oxides from Electricity Generation,” Land
Economics 79(3): 382-401, 2003.
Burtraw, D. & Toman, M. “The Benefits of Reduced Air Pollutants in the U.S. From
Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Policies,” Resources for the Future, Discussion Paper
98-01, 1997.
Burtraw, D., Krupnick, A., Mansur, E., Austin, D. & Farrell, D. “Ancillary Benefits of
Reduced Air Pollution in the US from Moderate Greenhouse Gas Mitigation
Policies in the Electricity Sector,” Journal of Environmental Economics and
Management 45(3): 650-673, 2003.
Chappie, M. & Lave, L. “The Health Effects of Air Pollution: A Reanalysis,” Journal of
Urban Economics 12(3): 346-76, 1982.
Christiansen, G. & Degan, C. “Air Pollution and Mortality Rates: A Note on Lave and
Seskin's Pooling of Cross-Section and Time Series Data,” Journal of
Environmental Economics and Management 7(2): 149-55, 1980.
Coninx, P. Vehicle Emissions Testing: Air Care, Drive Clean, and the Future of
Inspection and Maintenance Programs Vancouver, BC: The Fraser Institute, 1998.
DeLuchi, M., Johnston, R. and Sperling, D. Methanol vs. Natural Gas Vehicles: A
Comparison of Resource Supply, Performance, Emissions, Fuel Storage, Safety,
Costs and Transitions SAE Technical Paper Series No. 881656, prepared for
International Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, Portland, OR, October 100-13,
Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 1988.
Dickie, M. & Gerking, S. “Willingness to Pay for Ozone Control: Inferences from the
Demand for Medical Care,” Journal of Environmental Economics and
Management 21(1): 1-16, 1991.
EPA, Cancer Risk From Outdoor Exposures to Air Toxics, Research Triangle Park, NC:
U.S. EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, EPA-450/89.
Farber, S. & Rambaldi, A. “Willingness to Pay for Air Quality: The Case of Outdoor
Exercise,” Contemporary Policy Issues 11(4): 19-30, 1993.
Freeman, A. III. “The Incidence of the Costs of Controlling Automotive Air Pollution,”
in F. Juster, ed., The Distribution of Economic Well-Being Cambridge, MA:
Ballinger, 1977.
Freeman, A., III, “On Estimating Air Pollution Control Benefits from Land Value
Studies,” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 1(1): 74-83,
1974.
Freeman, A., III, “The Hedonic Price Technique and the Value of Climate as a
Resource,” in V. Smith (ed.) Part 2: Economic Impact Analysis and Climate
Change, of Advances in Applied Microeconomics, Volume 3 Greenwich, CT: JAI
Press, 1984.
Garcia, P., Dixon, B., Mjelde, W. & Adams, R. “Measuring the Benefits of
Environmental Change Using A Duality Approach: The Case of Ozone Air
Pollutants,” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 13(1): 69-80,
1986.
Gayer, R. & Hahn, R. “Designing Environmental Policy: Lessons from the Regulation of
Mercury Emissions,” Regulatory Analysis 05-01, Washington D.C: AEI-Brookings
Joint Center, March 2005.
Gayer, R. & Hahn, R. “Regulating Mercury: What’s at Stake?” Science 309: 244-45,
2005.
Gerking, S. & Stanley, L. “An Economic Analysis of Air Pollution and Health: the Case
of St. Louis,” Review of Economic and Statistics 68(1): 115-121, 1986.
Gianessi, L., Peskin, H. & Wolff, E. “The Distributional Effects of Uniform Air Pollution
Policy in the U.S.,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 93(2): 281-301, 1979.
Hall, J. et al. “Economic Assessment of the Health Benefits From Improvements in Air
Quality in the South Coast Air Basin,” Final report prepared for South Coast Air
Quality Management District, Fullerton, CA: California State University Fullerton
Foundation, June 1989.
Hall, J., Winer, A., Kleinman, M., Lurmann, F., Brajer, V. & Colome, S. “Valuing the
Health Benefits of Cleaner Air,” Science 255(5046): 812-17, 1992.
Harrington, W. & McConnell, V., “Coase and Car Repair: Who Should Be Responsible
for Emissions of Vehicles in Use?” Washington, DC: Resources for the Future,
Discussion Paper 99-22, 1999.
Harrington, W. & Portney, P. “Valuing the Benefits of Health & Safety Regulation,”
Journal of Urban Economics 22(1): 101-12, 1987.
Harrison, D., Jr. & Rubinfeld, D. “Hedonic Housing Prices and the Demand for Clean
Air,” Journal of Environmental Management 5(1): 81-102, 1978.
Jaccard, M., Nyboer, Bataille, C., & Sadownik, B. “Modeling the Cost of Climate Policy:
Distinguishing Between Alternative Cost Definitions and Long-Run Cost
Dynamics,” The Energy Journal 24(1): 49-73, 2003.
Jaeger, W. “The Welfare Cost of a Global Carbon Tax When Tax Revenues are
Recycled,” Resources and Energy Economics 17(1): 47-67, 1995.
Jager, H., Grunhage, L., Dammgen, U., Richter, O. & Krupa, S. “Controlling Urban Air-
Pollution: A Benefit-Cost Assessment,” Science 252(5005): 522-28, 1991.
Joyce, T., Grossman, M. & Goldman, F. “An Assessment of the Benefits of Air Pollution
Control: The Case of Infant Health,” Journal of Urban Economics 25(1): 32-51,
1989.
Kahn, M. “The Efficiency and Equity of Vehicle Emissions Regulation: Evidence From
California’s Random Audits,” Eastern Economic Journal 22(4): 457-566, 1996.
Katz, K. & Sterner, T. “The Value of Clean Air: Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for a
Reduction in Gasoline Vapors at Filling Stations,” Energy Studies Review 2(1):
39-47, 1990.
Kopp, R. & Krupnick, A. “Agriculture Policy and the Benefits of Ozone Control,”
American Journal of Agricultural Economics 69(5): 956-62, 1987.
Kopp, R. et al. “Implications of Environmental Policy for U.S Agriculture: The Case of
Ambient Ozone Standards,” Journal of Environment Economic and Management
20(4): 321-31, 1985.
Krewitt, W., Holland, M., Trukenmüller, A., Heck, T. & Friedrich, R. “Comparing Costs
and Environmental Benefits of Strategies to Combat Acidification and Ozone in
Europe,” Environmental Economics and Policy Studies 2(4): 249-26, 1999.
Krumm, R. & Graves, P. “Morbidity and Pollution: Model Specification Analysis for
Time-Series Data on Hospital Admissions,” Journal of Environmental Economics
and Management 9(4): 311-27, 1982.
Krupnick, A. and Kopp, R. The Acute Health and Agricultural Benefits of Reducing
Ambient Ozone in the United States Report to the OTA, RFF Discussion Paper QE-
88-10, 1989.
Kuik, O., Helming, J., Dorland, C. & Spaninks, F. “The Economic Benefits to
Agriculture of a Reduction of Low-Level Ozone Pollution in The Netherlands,”
European Review of Agricultural Economics 27(1): 75-90, 2000.
Kumar, S. & Rao, D. “Valuing the Benefits of Air Pollution Abatement Using a Health
Production Function,” Environmental and Resource Economics 20(2): 91-102,
2001.
Loehman, E., Park, S. & Boldt, D., “Willingness to Pay for Gains and Losses in Visibility
and Health,” Land Economics 70(4): 478-98, 1994.
Loehman, T. et al. “Distribution Analysis of Regional Benefits and Costs of Air Quality
Control,” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 6(3): 222-43,
1979.
MacKenzie, J. & El-Ashry, M. Air Pollution's Toll on Forests and Crops New Haven:
Yale University Press, 1989.
Maloney, M. & Yandle, B. “Estimation of the Cost of Air Pollution Control Regulation,”
Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 11(3): 244-63, 1984.
Manne, A. & Richels, R. Buying Greenhouse Insurance: The Economic Costs of CO2
Emission Limits Cambridge, MA: MIT, 1993.
Mayeres, I., Ochelen, S. & Proost, S. “The Marginal External Costs of Urban Transport,”
Transportation Reviews-D 1(2): 111-30, 1996.
Mendelsohn, R. “An Economic Analysis of Air Pollution from Coal Fired Plants,”
Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 7(1): 30-43, 1980.
Navrud, S. “Valuing Health Impacts from Air Pollution In Europe,” Environmental and
Resource Economics 20(4): 305-329, 2001.
Nelson, J. “Residential Choice, Hedonic Prices and the Demand for Urban Air Quality,”
Journal of Urban Economics 5(3): 357-69, 1978.
Newell, R. & Stavins, R. “Climate Change and Forest Sinks: Factors Affecting the Costs
of Carbon Sequestration,” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management
40(3): 211-235, 2000.
Nordhaus, W. “The Cost of Slowing Climate Change: A Survey,” The Energy Journal
12(1): 37-65, 1991.
Nordhaus, W. & Boyer, J. “Requiem for Kyoto: An Economic Analysis of the Kyoto
Protocol. The Costs of the Kyoto Protocol – a Multi-Model Evaluation,” Energy
Journal Special Edition: 93-130, 1999.
Olsthoorn, X., Amann, M., Bartonova, A., Clench-Aas, J., Cofala, J., Dorland, K.,
Guerreiro, C., Henriksen, J., Jansen, H. & Larssen, S. “Cost Benefit Analysis of
European Air Quality Targets for Sulpher Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide and Fine and
Suspended Particulate Matter in Cities,” Environmental and Resource Economics
14(3): 333-351, 1999.
Ostro, B. “The Effect of Air Pollution on Work Loss and Morbidity,” Journal of
Environmental Economics and Management 10(4): 371-82, 1983.
Pautsch, G., Kurkalova, L., Babcock, B. & Kling, C. “The Efficiency of Sequestering
Carbon in Agricultural Soils,” Contemporary Economic Policy 19(2): 123-34,
2000.
Pearce, D. & Crowards, T. “Assessing the Health Costs of Particulate Air Pollution in the
UK,” Energy Policy 24(7): 609-620, 1996.
Perl, L. & Dunbar, F. “Cost Effectiveness and Cost-Benefit Analysis of Air Quality
Regulations,” American Economic Review 72(2): 208-13, 1982.
Phillips, T. & Forster, B., “Economic Impacts of Acid Rain on Forest, Aquatic and
Agricultural Ecosystems in Canada,” American Journal of Agricultural Economics
69(5): 963-69, 1987.
Polinsky, A. & Shavell, S., “The Air Pollution and Property Value Debate,” Review of
Economics and Statistics 57(1): 100-4, 1975.
Portney, P. & Mullahy, J. “Urban Air Quality and Acute Respiratory Illness,” Journal of
Urban Economics 20(1): 21-38, 1986.
Rae, D. Benefits of Improving Visibility at Great Smoky National Park, draft report
prepared for the Electric Power Research Institute, Boston, MA: Charles River
Associates, 1981.
Rae, D. Visibility Impairment at Mesa Verde National Park: An Analysis of Benefits and
Costs of Controlling Emissions in the Four Corners Area prepared for the Electric
Power Research Institute, Charles River Associates, Boston, MA, 1981.
Regens, J. & Rycroft, R. The Acid Rain Controversy Pittsburgh, PA: University of
Pittsburgh Press, 1988.
Repetto, R. “The Economics of Visibility Protection: On A Clear Day You Can See A
Policy,” Natural Resources Journal 21(2): 355-70, 1981.
Rowe, R. & Chestnut, L. The Value of Visibility, Theory and Applications Cambridge,
MA: Abt Books, 1982.
Rosendahl, K. “Health Effects and Social Costs of Particulate Pollution—A Case Study
for Oslo,” Environmental Modelling and Assessment 3(1-2): 47-61, 1998.
Rowe, R., d'Arge, R. & Brookshire, D. “An Experiment on the Economic Value of
Visibility,” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 7(1): 1-19,
1980.
Schulze, W.D & Brookshire, D., et al. “The Economic Benefits of Preserving Visibility
in National Parklands of the Southwest,” Natural Resources Journal 23(1): 149-73,
1983.
Schelling, T. “The Cost of Combating Global Warming,” Foreign Affairs 76(6): 8-14,
1998.
Schwartz, J., Pitcher, H., Levin, R., Ostro, B. and Nichols, A. Costs and Benefits of
Reducing Lead in Gasoline: Final Regulatory Impact Analysis, EPA-230-05-85-
006, Washington, D.C: Office of Policy Analysis EPA, 1985.
Schwing, R., Southwark, B., von Buseck, C. & Jackson, C. “Benefit-Cost Analysis of
Automobile Emission Reductions,” Journal of Environmental Economics and
Management 7(1): 44-64, 1980.
Shechter, M. & Kim, M. “Valuation of Pollution Abatement Benefits: Direct and Indirect
Measurement,” Journal of Urban Economics 30(2): 133-51, 1989.
Simon, N. “The Health Benefits of Air Pollution Reduction: The Case of India,” Ph.D,
University of Maryland, 1998.
Simon, N., M. Cropper, Alberini, A., Arora, S., and Sharma, P.K. “The Health Benefits
of Air Pollution Control in Delhi, India,” American Journal of Agricultural
Economics 79(5): 1625-29.
Smith, D. & Vodden, K. “Global Environmental Policy: The Case of Ozone Depletion,”
Canadian Public Policy 15(4): 413-23, 1989.
Small, K. & Kazimi, C. “On the Costs of Air Pollution from Motor Vehicles,” Journal of
Transport Economics and Policy 29(1): 209-27, 1995.
Smith, V. & Deyak, T. “Measuring the Impacts of Air Pollution on Property Values,”
Journal of Regional Science 15(3): 277-88, 1975.
Smith, V. & Huang, J-C. “Can Markets Value Air Quality? A Meta-Analysis of Hedonic
Property Value Models,” Journal of Political Economy 103(1): 209-227, 1995.
Spadaro, J. & Rabl, A. “Air Pollution Damage Estimates: The Cost per Kilogram of
Pollutant,” Journal of Risk Assessment and Management 3(1): 75-98, 2002.
Spash, C. “Assessing the Economic Benefits to Agriculture from Air Pollution Control,”
Journal of Economic Surveys 11(1): 47-70, 1997.
Stauffer, C., Jr. “Cost and Coal Market Effects of Alternative Approaches for Reducing
Electric Utility Sulfur Dioxide Emissions,” in P. Mandelbaum (ed.) Acid Rain: An
Economic Assessment N.Y: Plenum Press, 1985.
Thomas, V. “Evaluating Pollution Control: The Case of Sao Paulo, Brazil,” Journal of
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Final Report to Congress on Benefits and Costs
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Final Report to Congress on Benefits and Costs
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on Benefits and Costs of the Clean Air Act, 1970-1990 Washington D.C: U.S.
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Anstine, J. “Property Values in a Low Populated Area When Dual Noxious Facilities Are
Present,” Growth and Change 34(3): 345-59, 2003.
Cohen, L. “Who Pays the Bill: Insuring Against the Risk from Low Level Nuclear Waste
Disposal,” Natural Resources Journal 21(4): 773-87, 1981.
Cox, A. & Gilbert, R. “An Economic Evaluation of the Costs and Benefits of Diablo
Canyon,” in R. Gilber (ed.) Regulatory Choices Berkeley, CA: University of
California Press, 1991.
Grohnheit, P. & Laut, P. “Nuclear Power and Coal-Fired CHP,” Energy Economics 9(2):
82-92, 1987.
Hamilton, J. & Viscusi, W.K. “How Costly is ‘Clean’? An Analysis of the Benefits and
Costs of Superfund Site Remediations,” Journal of Policy Analysis and
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Mendelsohn, R., Hellerstein, D., Hugnenin, M., Unsworth, R. & Brazee, R. “Measuring
Hazardous Waste Damages with Panel Models,” Journal of Environmental
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Miceli, T., Pancak, K., & Sirmans, C. “An Economic Analysis of Lead Paint Laws,”
Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics 12: 59-75, 1996.
Michaels, R. & Smith, V. “Market Segmentation and Valuing Amenities with Hedonic
Models: The Case of Hazardous Waste Sites,” Journal of Urban Economics 28:
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Facilities,” American Economic Review, 76(2): 285-90, 1986.
Nelson, J. “Three Mile Island and Residential Property Values: Empirical Analysis and
Policy Implications,” Land Economics 57(3): 363-72, 1981.
Payne, B., Olshansky, S. & Segel, T. “The Effects on Property Values of Proximity to A
Site Contaminated with Radioactive Waste,” Natural Resources Journal 27(3):
579-90, 1987.
Sengupta, M. “The Choice Between Coal and Nuclear Power in India: A Cost-Benefit
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Hazardous Waste Disposal Facilities,” American Economic Review 76(2): 291-94,
1986.
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Analysis Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Vanderbilt University,
Nashville, TN, and Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC, 1985.
Thompson, R. & Singleton, F., Jr. “Wastewater Treatment Costs and Outlays in Organic
Petrochemicals: Standards versus Taxes with Methodology Suggestions for
Marginal Cost Pricing and Analysis,” Water Resources Research 22: 467-74, 1986.
Zimmerman, M. “The Valuation of Nuclear Power in the Post-Three Mile Island Era,”
Energy Journal 4(2): 15-29, 1983.
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Pollution,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy 14(2): 205-20, 1980.
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Borins, S. “Miezkowski and Saper's Estimate of the Effects of Airport Noise on Property
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Artificial Neural network Approach,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy
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Evaluation of A Model for River Quality,” Water Resources Research 23(11):
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of Reducing Acid Rain,” Resources For the Future Discussion Paper 97-31, 1997.
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Lakes Cleanup,” RFF Discussion Paper 99-34, Washington, D.C: Resources for the
Future, 1999.
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Environmental Economics and Management 13(2): 167-88, 1986.
Desvousges, W., Smith, V. & Fisher, A. “Option Price Estimates for Water Quality
Improvements: A Contingent Valuation Study for the Monogahela River,” Journal
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Freeman, M. Air and Water Pollution Control: A Benefit-Cost Assessment N.Y: Wiley &
Sons, 1982.
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Gramlich, F. “The Demand for Clean Water: The Case of the Charles River,” National
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