What is ping? Why you use ping?

PING Stands for Packet InterNet Gopher. PING is used for connectivity checking
of any network or any host or device of any or other networks.

Routers are always preferable for routing services. Routers work at which
OSI layers?

Router works at network layer for providing routing services between or among
several networks.

A gateway works in which layer?

Transport layer of OSI model.

How can you check the connectivity of any network?

By using ping command.

What is a gateway?

A gateway acts a door for the packet to reach the ‘outside’ of the internal
network.

What are the differences among router, switch, bridge and hub?

Router, switch, bridge and hub are network devices. Yet there are some
differences among them. The main differences are:

• Router: A layer 3 device, can work on physical, data and network layer.
• Switch: A layer 2 device, can work on data link layer
• Bridge: A layer 2 device, can work on data link layer.
• Hub: A layer 1device, just a multi-port repeater and works on physical
layer

What is the range of class A address?

0-127 is the range of class A address.

Tell an IP which has class C range. Also tell why that IP is an class C
address.

• IP of Class C: 193.1.1.1
• Why this is a class C address: Class C addresses have the range of 192 -
223
Name a device which can operate at physical layer of OSI model.

Hub.

Note: Remember, hub is the device that can work only into the physical layer of
OSI model. But switch, router can also be used instead of a hub. So, all the
answers hub, switch or router are all correct.

What is the major differences between a router and a switch?

A router can divide the broadcast domain and collision domain. But a switch can
only divide the collision domain. Router can communicate among different
networks where as the switch can not communicate different networks.

Hub operates at which layers of OSI model? Is it wise to use a hub for huge
networks? Why or why not?

• Hub operates at only physical layer of OSI model.

• No, it's not so wise to use hub for a huge network.
• Hubs can't divide the broadcast domain or the collision domain. So, if we
use hubs then there creates huge broadcast domain. When there are
huge broadcast, the network gets problem time to time. So, it's not wise to
use hubs to support a huge network.

How many layers are in OSI model? Name them

There are seven layers of OSI model. The layers are:

1. Application layer
2. Presentation layer
3. Session layer
4. Transport layer
5. Network layer
6. Data link layer
7. Physical layer

Note: You can remember the seven layer model by a simple sentence. Please
Do Not Touch Steven's Pet Alligator. See, the starting of each word forms the
layer.

Why do you need to use a router?

Router can easily divide the broadcast domain and collision domain. So, to
communicate among several networks, routers are used.

What is the second layer of OSI model?

Data Link layer.

Name two network devices which can work as layer 2 device.

Switch and router

What is OSI model?

OSI revers for Open System Interconnection Reference Model. It is an

abstract model for layered communications and computer network protocol
design. There are seven layers of OSI model which, from top to bottom, are the
Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data-Link, and Physical
Layers.

OSI model also referred as OSI layered model, OIS layered technology, 7
layer model, OSI seven layer model, OSI reference model.

What is the data unit of Data Link layer?

Frame

What are the difference between TCP and UDP?

• TCP: Connection oriented protocol, acknowledged one, Point to point

communication.
• UDP: Connection less protocol, unreliable, less traffic

What is the port no of DNS and Telnet?

• DNS port no: 53

• Telnet port no: 23

What is the port no of SMTP and POP3?

• SMPT port no: 25

• POP3 port no: 110

What is the functionality of network layer? Name the data unint of network
layer.

• Functionality of network layer: Path determination and logical addressing

• Data unit of network layer: Packet

Which three layers of OSI model is treated as "Media Layers"?

Physical layer, data link layer and network layer are treated as "Media Layers".
What is deadlock?

Deadlock is a situation when two or more processes are waiting indefinitely for
an event that can be caused by only one of the waiting processes. The
implementation of a semaphore with a waiting queue may result in this situation.

Mention the advantages and disadvantages of a router.

Advantages:

• Router can limit the collision domain and broadcast domain

• Router can function both on LAN & WAN.
• Different media & architectures can be connected among themselves
through router.
• Router can determine best path/route for data to reach
• the destination.
• Router can filter the broadcasts.
• For communicating different networks, routers must be used.

Disadvantage:

• Router is more expensive than any other networking devices like Hub,
Bridge & Switch.
• Router only work with routable protocols.
• Routing updates consume some bandwidth.
• Increase latency due to greater degree of packet
• filtering.
• Routers function as software based and so it's slower compared to switch.

Mention the private IP address rannge of class B and C.

• For Class B: 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255

• For Class C: 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255

What is the IP range of class C IP address?

240.0.0.0 255.255.255.255

What is the default subnet mask of class C IP address?

255.255.255.0

Why do you need subnet mask?

Subnet mask is required to divide a large network into several small networks.
Tell the full name: DNS, FTP

• DNS: Domain Name System

• FTP: File Transfer Protocol

What is the functionality or ARP?

ARP refers to Address Resolution Protocol. ARP is a computer networking

protocol for determining a network host's link layer or hardware address when
only its Internet Layer (IP) or Network Layer address is known.

Which one is reliable: TCP or UDP?

TCP is reliable and UDP is an unreliable service.

How DHCP works?

DHCP works by four-steps: (1) IP request, (2) IP offer (3) IP selection and (d)
Acknowledgement.

What is POP3? Why you require POP3?

POP stands for Post Office Protocol. This is used to describe how e-mail clients
interact with mail servers. The POP3 Server is a type of mail server used for
incoming mail. POP is only used to receive messages.

What is the difference between Layer 2 Switch and Layer 3 Switch?

Layer 2 switch is based on MAC addresses which operates on Data Link Layer of
OSI mode. And Layer 3 switching is based on network topology table populated
and works on Network layer.

Recommended Reading

Final words

In this page, I try to integreate some of the basic and useful questions which are
really helpful for your networking related jobs. I personally suggest to read at
least once before going to the written exam or interview of Networking related
jobs or Network Engineer jobs. Hope, you have a basic idea of the sample
questions. One thing, you can also add your own questions after interviewing
your job in the comment section. It will helpful for others also.