Stages of Growth and Development

(Developmental milestone)
a. New Born Development Appropriate Toys Nutrition Safety
-When on prone position, avoids
suffocation by turning his head from
side to side.

b. 1 month s lifts head intermittently when on prone.

-momentary visual fixation of objects and
human faces.

c. 2 months -Social smile

-respond to familiar voices by body movement
-no head control, head lags when pulled to sitting
-shed tears

d. 3 months -can raise head but not the chest, when on prone
-head in bobbing motion some head control when put to sit.
-Babbles an coos
-180 degrees visual arc, can follow objects past visual line.

e. 4 months -can raise both head and chest, when on prone

-when on supine, head is maintained in midline, arms and
legs are symmetrical hand are brought together at the mid
line, bald spot over occiput.

f. 5 months -rolls over (side rails up)

g. 6 months -doubles birth weight

-eruption of first tooth ( lower central incisor)
-sits with minimal support
-can be pulled from sitting to standing.

H 7 months -plats with own feet

-says dada and mama, no specific
-pivot (creeps) when on prone (rails or staris)
-thumb finger grasp.

i. 8 months -sits alone steadily for indefinite period.

 J. 9 months -can hold bottle with good hand and mouth coordination
-crawls
-understands simple gestures and requires bye bye.
- take some steps when held upright.
-neat pincer grasp.

k. 10 months -pulls self to stand.

-respond to own name.

l. 11 months -stand with assistance

-attempts to wlak with help

m. 12 months -walks with help

-triples birth weight
-drinks from cup
- can say two words.

Infancy
Trust Vs Mistrust
Oral stage

a. 1-3 moths Physical development

-Weight: Gains 5-7 oz per week (1st 6 weeks)

-Height: Grows 1 inch per mont
-Vital sign: pulse 120/min, RR 30-60min BP 80/46 mmhg
-holds head erect
-focus eye on bright objects (best color is red)
-social smile
-rolls over
-puts hands in mouth and suck

b. 4-6 months Physical development

Greatest Fear -Weight: gains 5-7 oz/ weeks doubles by 6 months -Crib mobile according to
Stranger Anxiety -Height: Grow 1 inch per month -Rattle and bells this order
after 6 months -Rolls back to slide abdomen -cradle gym -Rice
- sits with support 6 months -mirror -Cereals
-increase use of hands and mouth exploration -soft toys and brightly colored -Vegetables
-aware to sound he makes and babbles. pictures -Fruits
-Hand to hand and palmar grasp -solitary play -potato
-brings object to mouth -meat
-egg
-orange juice
c. 6-9 months Physical development

-hand and eye coordination is improving -peek-a-boo

-begins to feed self, start to hold the bottle (what is hidden com back)
-start with crawl -spoon and cup
-teeting begins at 6 months ( first central incisor, lower) cereal and bowel
-recognize the mother as a separate person from himelf. -bouncing seat to develop
-pincher grasp at 9 months. muscle
-plastic balls, bells and blocks
-stacking toys
-up-down (throw then
Pick up)
-verbal repetition

d.10-12 months Physical development

-Weight: Gain 3-5 oz/week. Triple birth weight -Peek-a-boo, bye bye Most common accidents
at 1 year baby during the first 12 months
-Height: Gain ½ inch/month. Height is 50% by -balls and blocks of Aspiration:
first birthday. Stacking toys -keep small objects out of
-able to have 6 teeth -in and out up and down reach
-sitting or moving on all four. Play -use one piece pacifier
-stands briefly and begins to walks, stands with only.
help. -no nuts,raisins or hotdog
-picks up small objects. -no toys with small and removable
-recognize own name. parts.
-respond to word “No” -no balloons or plastic bags.
-drinks from a cup.
Falls:
-raise crib rails
-never place child in high place
unsupervised.
-use restraining straps in seats,
Swings etc.
Poisoning:
-check that paint on toys/furniture
Is lead free.
-Treat all medications as drugs and
Never as “candy”
-store all poisonous substances in
Locked cabinet, closet.
-have phone number of poison
Control center in hand
-instruct in use of syrup ipecac
 Burns:
-never use microwave to heat
Bottles.
-check temp of bath water, never
leave alone in bath.
-special care with cigarettes, hot
Liquids.
-do not leave infant in sun
-cover all electrical sockets
-keep electrical wire out of reach
-avoid table cloth with overhang.
-put guards around heating devices.

Motor vehicles:

-use only federally approved car

Seat for all car rides.
-never leave stroller behind parked
Car.
-never allow infant to crawl near
parked cars or drive way.
Toddler
Autonomy Vs Shame Physical development -parallel play
And Doubt - walks up and down stairs. -like simple stories,
-turns knobs and open doors. Nursery rhymes, lots of Motor Vehicles
-use spoon w/o spilling. Picture.
-uses words mine constantly -dolls, trucks -use only federally approved car seat for all
-toilet trained in daytime. -pulling blocks in wagon car rides.
-frequently says “No’ -riding toys -follow manufacturers direction carefully.
-make short sentences and phrases. -musical instruments -make car seat part of routine for toddler.
-obey simple commands. -scribbles spontaneously
-does not know from right and wrong Poisoning
-fear separation from parents.
-slow steadily growth at 4-6 ibs. Because toddler eats less -keep all medications, cleaning materials,
-with 16 teeth etc. in clearly marked containers in locked
-anterior fontanel close between 12-18 months cabinets.
- walk like a duck, with wide-based gait, side to side. -instruct in use of syrup ipecac

Burns

-turn pot handles in when stove top.

-do not allow child to play with electrical
appliances.
-decrease water temp. in house to avoid
Scald burns.
 Falls:
-provide barriers on open windows.
-avoid gates on stairs-child can struggle on
gates.
-move from crib to bed.

Chocking:

-avoid food in w/c child might choke.

-fish with bones, fruits with seeds or pits
,nuts raisins, hotdogs.
-chewing gums, hard candy.

Water Safety:

-always supervise child near water like tub,

Pool, Jacuzzi, lake ocean.
-keep bathroom locked to prevent from
drowning

Pre- Schooler
(Initiative Vs Guilt)
-love to watch adults and imitate their behavior. -teach child car./street safety rules.
-very imaginative-imaginary friends. -change to “child booster seat” in car at 4
-very creative and curious- “why” years or 40 pounds.
-love to tell lies, brag, and boast to impress others. -teach child dangers of fire, matches, flame
-love offensive language. -teach child rules of water safety.
-age of oedipal/electral complex
-age of sibling rivalry
-question about sex must be answered honestly at the level
Of their understanding.
-masturbation may be seen in some pre-schooler
Do not punih, do not make a fuss about it.
Give alternative source of satisfaction- toys

3 years old: -pedal trike

-walk backwards
-climb stairs
-use scissors
-string large beads
-help dress themselves
-unbutton buttons
-300-900 word vocabulary
 Motor Development:
-dresses self with supervision
-tries to draw a picture.
-can go to the toilet
-help dry dishes and dust.

Psychological development:

-tolerate short separation

-tattles on others
-knows first and last name
-can name figures in a picture.
-cautious about common dangers

4 years old Motor development:

-can brush teeth

-can lace shoes
-throw balls overhead
-uses scissors to cut out pictures.

Psychological development:

-may have imaginary companions

-obedient
-cooperative in laying games
-ask many questions.
-knows own age
-conscience is developing

5 years old Motor development

-begins to attempt riding bicycle

-can roller skate
-put toys away neatly
-print first name
-draws recognizable man and woman

Psychological development:

-talks constantly views death as reversible process

-can name at least 4 colors
-knows name of days of weeks and week as unit of time
-physical development
-grows more in height than weight
-vision 20/20
School Age
(Industry Vs Inferiority)

7 years old -first molars and lateral incisors -as passenger, teach to wear safety belts, not
-20/20 visual acuity, withdrawal and moody, wants to be destruct the driver.
alone watching tv, seldom able to complete
task, card games -as pedestrian , teach bike and street safety
Are indulged in . -teach how to swim, rules of water saferty.
-teach safety rules of sports
-adult supervision is still necessary
8 years old -onset of secondary sex characteristics
-10-11 permanent teeth
-prefer playmate of own sex.
-dogmatic and self righteous.
-collects objects
-are exuberant and expensive

9 years old -more interested in friends than family.

-lying and sealing may be common.
-tries to be like parent of the same sex.
-worry/complain a great deal

10 years old -cooperative and affectionate

-peer-oriented
-with secret language
-companionship is more important than play.

11 years old -critical for adults

-beginning of hero-worship
-moody
-with beginning interest in opposite sex.

6-8 years old -growth spurt begins

-begins to lose baby teeth
-plays well alone
-learns to read]
-begins to tell time

9-11 years old -plays and works hard

-uses tools fairly well
-completely care for own physical needs.
-companion is more important than play.
-antagonism between sexes.
 Adolescence
(Identity Vs Role Confusion)
(Genital Age)

Early Adolescence - further development of sex characteristics

-often awkward and uncoordinated
-increase interest in appropriate sex
-peer group is very important
-becomes hostile towards parents.
-bothered by the question “who I am”
-tend to rebel against authority
-pubescent changes in male usually begins later than girls
(11-14 years)
-Impossible to tell when a male is sexually and
Physically mature and could father a child
-sport requiring strenuous physical exertion should not be
Abused because muscles are functionally immature and
Can be injured by indiscriminate exercise.
-need occasional privacy

Play:

-wants to win, like competitive games

-prefers to play with same sex children.
-enjoy group, team play
-loves to do magic tricks and other “show-off” activities
-likes to collect things like card and records.
-form clubs
-learns project, experiment, computer games.

Late Adolescence -completion of sexual development

-increased coordination
-more mature, independent relationship with parents.
-peer group is less important
-identify, concern about self

Play:

-school related activities and sports

-develop talents, skills and abilities
-loves watching tv
-develops interest in arts, writing, poetry, musical instruments
-increased interest in mechanical and electrical devices for
boys
 N
cm 101
(Developmental Milestone)
Submitted by: Sillvano, Mark Oliver R.
Bsn 3-13

Submitted to: Dr. Stanley Luces