Various practices for crop cultivation

Pest and disease management

Pest & Disease Mgt

1 Pest Management
Cultural method
Crop rotation
Trap Crop/Catch crop
Use resistant variety
Sanitation
Host eradication
Use proper decompose compost
Timing of Planting/Sowing
Timing of harvesting
Proper dose of the fertilizer
Training & Pruning
Mechanical/Physical method
Training & Pruning
Collection of the Nymph/Larvae
Collection of the damaged palnt parts and burried deep into the soil or burnt them
Tillage practices
Solarization
Biological method
Release of the predator, parasites and parasitoide
Use Trichoderma
Use of Botanical pesticide
Chemical method
Use pesticides as per the nature of the pest

2 Disease Management
Cultural Methods
Sanitation
Crop rotation
Host eradication
Use resistant variety
Improvement of crop environment - Micro climate
Soil solarization / Summer fellow
Use fully decompose compost
Timing of sowing
Use of buffer zone
Timing of Irrigation
Physical / Mechanical method
Avoid the over dose of fertilizer
 Uproot the disease plants and burried them or burn the disease plants
Collection of the pest infected plant parts
Timely Training & Pruning
Select good quality authentic seed/planting material
Eradication of the alternative host of the diseases
Collection of the vector insects and kill them
Tilling of the soil
Biological Methods
Certain fungus are used to control the fungal disease
Use botanical extract also use for disease control
Use of Chemical
Use Fungicides
Few insect are work as a host/ vector for certain disease - so if we can control the insect by using in
Use of bordex mixture
Chaubatia paste

3 Inter culture operation/Practices - Conducted in a standing crop

Weeding
Thining
Gap filling
Mulching
Organic Mulch
Straw, wood chips, manure, dry grass, green grass any plant residue
Inorganic / Mineral
Mulch rock/gravels
Inorganic Synthetic Mulch
Plastic mulch (Black & white sheet)
Rubber Mulch
Eco friendly rubber is used as a mulch
Earthing up
Manual/mechanical earthing up / turning over soil
Hoeing
Bullock drawn /Tractor drawn hoe are used
Training
Pruning
Watering/ Irrigation
Sprinkler/Drip/foggers are used for irrigation
Irrigation Scheduling
Water management
By field bunding
By canals
By nallies
By reservoirs
Rain water harvesting

Irrigation methods
Sprinkler
Misting
Drip
 Foggers

4 Maturity/Harvesting of the crop

Manual harvesting
By using sickle
Thresher
Mechanical harvesting
Combine harvester
Reapers
Power thresher
Winnower

5 Post harvesting
Durable
Cleaning/sorting
Drying/removal of moisture

Grading
Packaging
Semi perishable
Cleaning/sorting
Drying/removal of moisture Note: This operation is meant for post harvest han
Grading Pre cooling
Packaging Room cooling
Forced air cooling
Hydro cooling
Top or liquid icing
Perishable Vacuum colling
Maintain cold chain
Maintain ethylene levels
Avoid chilling injury.

Storage/warehouse
Cold room facility

Transportation
Insulated vans
Refrigerated vans
Non Refrigerated vans

Palletising Avoid stacking cartons in a manner that reduces the cartons rigid wall strength.
Pallet wraps
Pallet wraps will not prevent warming, they will only slow the rate of warming and sh
Nursery Preparation
Land Preparation
Ploughing
Manuring/FYM
Harrowing
Irrigation
Sowing of the seeds
Weeding/Spraying
Seedling Transplantinng
ontrol the insect by using insecticides we can control the disease threat
 meant for post harvest handling of fruit, flower and vegetable

ons rigid wall strength.

the rate of warming and should not be used as a substitute for cooling facilities.