Professional Documents
Culture Documents
9.3
Transistor as a 3. A small change in the base current, results in a big change in the
current amplifier collector current, Ic >>>>Ib
Transistor as an 4. If there is no current flow in the base circuit, then there is also no
automatic switch current flow in the collector circuit.
IB = 0 then IC = 0 transistor is switch off
IB flows then IC flows transistor is switch on
197
SEK. MEN SAINS MUZAFFAR SYAH
Activity 1: To find the relationship between the base current (IB) and collector current, (IC) in a
transistor
Hypothesis: _________________________________________________________________________
Apparatus : transistor, resistors of 2.2 kΩ, 3.9 kΩ, 4.7 kΩ, 6.8 kΩ, 8.2 kΩ and 10.0 kΩ, connecting
wires, dry cells, milliammeters with range 0 – 1 mA and 0 – 100 mA
Discussion
198
SEK. MEN SAINS MUZAFFAR SYAH
Conclusion:
A small increase in the ______ current results in a big increase in the ____________ current.
If the variable resistor in the transistor is replaced by a device such as light dependent resistor
(LDR), a thermistor or a microphone, the transistor can be used as an automatic switch controlled
by light, heat or sound
1. The LDR has a very ___________ resistance in darkness and a _________ resistance in
light. R is a fixed _____________
2. The LDR and R form a potential divider in the circuit.
Circuit switches on the light at daytime and Circuit switches on the bulb at night and
switches off the bulb at night automatically switches off the bulb at day time automatically
Draw a circuit diagram
In daylight, the LDR has a very _______ In daylight, the LDR has a very _______
resistance as compared to R. resistance as compared to R.
Therefore the base voltage is ___________ Therefore the base voltage is too
enough to switch the transistor on and to ___________ to switch the transistor on
light ________ the bulb. In darkness, the LDR has a very _________
In darkness, the LDR has a very _________ resistance and the base voltage is ________
resistance and therefore the base voltage is to switch the transistor ________ to light
too ________ to switch the transistor ______ the bulb.
________. The bulb light _____
199
SEK. MEN SAINS MUZAFFAR SYAH
The resistance of a thermistor varies with temperature. When the temperature increases, the
resistance of the thermistor will _________
I C
Current Amplification
I B
VRx = Rx x V
( Rx + Ry)
VRY = Ry xV
( Rx + Ry)
200
SEK. MEN SAINS MUZAFFAR SYAH
Diagram 1
Diagram 2
P Q R
A Base Emitter Collector P Q
B Base Collector Emitter A Bulb Bulb
C Collector Base Emitter B Battery Bulb
D Emitter Base Collector C Resistor Battery
D Bulb resistor
2. The diagram shows the symbol for a
transistor. 5. An npn transistor is connected to a dc
power supply as shown in Diagram 3.
201
SEK. MEN SAINS MUZAFFAR SYAH
7. The function of transistor in the circuit 11. In which circuit will the light-emitting
shown in Diagram 5 is ___ diode (LED) light up when the switch is
on? (2005)
Diagram 5
A. Rectifier
B. Amplifier
C. Automatic switch
D. Voltage divider
Diagram 6
A. Receiver
B. A switch
C. Transmitter
D. Heater
10. Which of the following shows the correct 13. Diagram shows an automatic switch
circuit to light up the bulb during daylight circuit to light up a bulb at night.
but light off the bulb at night.
202
SEK. MEN SAINS MUZAFFAR SYAH
_____________________________
_____________________________
[2]
E. In the space below, draw a circuit
diagram to show the new circuit.
[2]
Diagram 7
________________________________
[1]
(ii) Complete the circuit in Figure 25.1 so
that the LED emits light in a bright
surroundings.
[1]
2. Diagram 7 shows a circuit that acts as a
(iii) Give one reason why LED emits light switch to light up bulb M when the
in a bright surroundings. surrounding at P is dark. P is a light
dependent resistor LDR.
_________________________________
[1]
(b) What modification is required to the
circuit so that the LED will emits light
when the surroundings become
dark?
________________________________
[1]
___________________________________
203
SEK. MEN SAINS MUZAFFAR SYAH
_________________________________ ________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
Diagram 8
204
SEK. MEN SAINS MUZAFFAR SYAH
Diagram 9
205