Aula

O NASCIMENTO DOS ESTUDOS DAS

CULTURAS AFRO-AMERICANAS

META
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OBJETIVOS
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Capa do livro O Nascimento da Cultura Afro-Americana, dos dois especialistas da

cultura afro-americana Sidney W. Mintz e Richard Price.
(Fonte: http://www.scielo.br)
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desses estudos podem ser recuperados a partir da analise das trocas de cor-
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pesquisas, entre seus pares. O campo de estudo brasileiro foi considerado
XPHVSDoRSULYLOHJLDGRSDUDRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRVGHVVHVHVWXGRVDFHUFDGR
FRQWDWRFXOWXUDOHQWUHRFRQWLQHQWHDPHULFDQRHRiIULFR(PIXQomRGLVVR
VHXV HVSHFLDOLVWDVEUDVLOHLURV H HVWUDQJHLURV WRUQDUDPVH XPD UHIHUrQFLD
QHVWH FHQiULR LQWHOHFWXDO )RUDP UHFRQKHFLGRV FRPR FDUWyJUDIRV GHVVHV
HVWXGRVSHORVJUDQGHVPHVWUHVTXHRVVXFHGHUDPe VREUH HVVDKLVWyULD
que vamos estudar.

0HOYLOOH+HUVNRYLWVDQWURSyORJRDPHULFDQRHVSHFLDOL]DGRQRVHVWXGRVGRVDIURDPHULFDQRV
(Fonte: http://classiques.uqac.ca)

30
 O nascimento dos Estudos das Culturas Afro-americanas
Aula

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FDQDQDV$PpULFDVWrP+LVWyULD"1HVVDDXODYDPRVFRQWHPSODUHVVDTXHVWmR
2
Melville Herskovits
UHFXSHUDQGRDOJXQVDVSHFWRVGRSURFHVVRGHDPSOLDomRHVLVWHPDWL]DomRGRV
$QWURSyORJR DPHUL
HVWXGRVGDVSRSXODo}HVHFXOWXUDVGHRULJHPDIULFDQD²RXDIURDPHULFDQD cano pioneiro na apli-
VHTXLVHUPRVRWHUPRGDpSRFD²DSDUWLUGDDQiOLVHGDVFRUUHVSRQGrQFLDVGH FDomRGRVSULQFtSLRV
importantes especialistas desse tema Arthur Ramos e Melville Herskovits. da antropologia mod-
&RPRMiYLPRV RSULQFLSDOWHPD GH LQYHVWLJDomRGHVVHVDQWURSyORJRVIRL HUQDHQDFULDomRXP
PDUFDGRSHORFDUiWHUDFDGrPLFRHSUHRFXSDo}HVSROtWLFDVRDQWLUUDFLVPR grande programa
3UHWHQGHPRVFRQYLGiORDYHULÀFDUHPTXHPHGLGDRVLGHDLVGHVWHVLQYHVWL interdiciplinar de
estudos do africano
PHQWRVDFDGrPLFRVGHVVHVHVWXGLRVRVFRQWULEXtUDPSDUDLQVWLWXFLRQDOL]DomRGD americano nos EUA.
WHPiWLFDpWQLFRUUDFLDLVQRGHEDWHDQWURSROyJLFRWUDYDGRQR%UDVLOHQRH[WHULRU Pesquisou no Surina-
2GHEDWHDFHUFDGDVUDt]HVGDVFXOWXUDVDIULFDQDVQDV$PpULFDVHQR me, Haiti, Trinidad,
%UDVLOIRLXPGRVWHPDVGHUHÁH[mRPDLVLPSRUWDQWHVQDVFLrQFLDVVRFLDLV %UDVLO H QD ÈIULFD
QRVpFXOR;;1R%UDVLORGLiORJRGRVKLVWRULDGRUHVFRPD$QWURSRORJLD e publicou O negro
DVVRFLDGRjLQFRUSRUDomRGHQRYRVFRQFHLWRVPHWRGRORJLDVHSUREOHPDV americano; 'DRPp;
The Myth of the Past
WrPUHVXOWDGRHPLPSRUWDQWHVSHVTXLVDVTXHH[SORUDPRVYtQFXORVFXOW Negro.
urais entre africanos e afrodescendentes no interior da sociedade escravista
(MATTOS, 2004, 1995; MINTZ & PRICE, 2003; REIS, 2003; SLENES,
1999; SOARES, 2000; THORNTON, 2004).
1DV GpFDGDV GH  H  IRUDP DPSOLDGRV H VLVWHPDWL]DGRV RV
HVWXGRVDFDGrPLFRVGRVVLJQLÀFDGRVGDVSRSXODo}HVHFXOWXUDVGHRULJHP
DIULFDQDQDIRUPDomRVRFLDOGRVSDtVHVGDVWUrV$PpULFDTXHUHFHEHUDPDI
ULFDQRVHVFUDYL]DGRV$WUDYpVGDVFRUUHVSRQGrQFLDVGH$UWKXU5DPRVFRP
VHXVSDUHVQR%UDVLOHQRH[WHULRUpSRVVtYHOUHFXSHUDUPRVDOJXQVDVSHFWRV
presentes no nascimento desses estudos.
Cabe mais uma vez sublinhar, caro aluno ou aluna, ter sido o processo
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D VHJUHJDomR UDFLDOQRV (VWDGRV 8QLGRV R LPSDFWR GD 6HJXQGD *XHUUD
Mundial e, no Brasil, a Era Vargas. Logo, esses estudos quer seja no Brasil,
quer seja no exterior, dialogaram com demandas sociais e refutaram teses
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BARROS, 2007; SILVA, 2005).
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LVWDVGRVHVWXGRV´GD&XOWXUD$IUR$PHULFDQDµDOJXPDVGpFDGDVGHSRLV
Sidney W. Mintz e Richard Price ao escreveram O Nascimento da Cul-
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afro-americanos.

31
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erudita que fora cartografada por pioneiros como W.E.B. DuBois e
Carter G. Woodson, nos Estados Unidos; Fernado Ortiz, em Cuba.
Nina Rodrigues e Arthur Ramos, no Brasil; e Jean Price-Mars, no
+DLWL H OHYDGD DGLDQWH SHOD JHUDomR GH 0HOYLOOH - +HUVNRYLWV (
)UDQNOLQ )UD]LHU =RUD 1HDOH +XUVWRQ *RQ]DOR $JXLUUH %HOWUiQ
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que nos anos trinta e quarenta alguns intelectuais assumiram publicamente
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Ramos, Gilberto Freyre e outros intelectuais, assinaram o Manifesto dos
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do campo intelectual dos estudos afro-brasileiros dos anos 30 e 40 e as suas
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Arthur Ramos a respeito da ideia de culturas de origens africanas lhe garante
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VNRYLWV5GLJHU%LOGHQ/\QQ6PLWK5LFKDUG3DWKH5XWK/DQJHV'RQDOG
Pearson, Roger Bastide, W.E.B. DuBois, Fernado Ortiz, Jean Price-Mars,
HQWUHRXWURV$DQiOLVHGDVFRUUHVSRQGrQFLDVWURFDGDVSRU5DPRVFRPVHXV
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6REUHDLQWHUORFXomRWHyULFDHHPStULFDGH$UWKXU5DPRVFRPLQWHOHF
tuais estrangeiros, como Roger Bastide e Donald Pierson, Luitgarde Bar-
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LQWHUORFXomRGDTXDOUHVXOWRXSDUDHOHXPDYDQoRWHyULFRSHODVQRYDVLGHLDV
WUD]LGDVHSDUDHOHVRDSUHQGL]DGRGHXPDH[SHULrQFLDDGTXLULGDHPDQRV

32
 O nascimento dos Estudos das Culturas Afro-americanas
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partilhando seus conhecimentos com pesquisadores estrangeiros, como nos
2
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PDLVSUHFLRVRLQVSLUDGRUHRPDLVVHJXURGRVJXLDV(HOHQmRVHSDUDYDR
que me tocava profundamente, em suas pesquisas, o cuidado da verdade
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TXDUHQWDHFLQFRFRUUHVSRQGrQFLDVWURFDGDVHQWUH$UWKXU5DPRVH0HOYLOOH
J.Herskovits entre 1935 e 1949. Muitas vezes Ramos e Herskovits aturam
FRPRLQWHUPHGLiULRVQRFRQWDWRHQWUHRXWURVLQWHOHFWXDLVQRH[HUFtFLRGH
uma ampla rede de solidariedade intelectual.
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H$QWURSRORJLDGHYiULDVXQLYHUVLGDGHVGD$PpULFD/DWLQDHGRV(VWDGRV
8QLGRV/XLWJDUGH%DUURVFLWDHQWmRQRPHVFRPRRGH0HOYLOOH+HUVNRYLWV
Rudiger Bilden, Ruth Landes, Richard Patee.(BARROS:2005, p. 200-208).
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1HVVDDXODQmRVHUiSRVVtYHOSHUFRUUHUPRVWRGDVDVWUDPDVFRQVWLWXLQWHV
da rede de solidariedade a envolver a intelectualidade brasileira da qual Ar-
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VHQYROYHUDPVHXVHVWXGRVDSDUWLUGDVGLVFLSOLQDVGDVFLrQFLDVVRFLDLV3RU
LVVRQRVVXUJHDVHJXLQWHTXHVWmRSRGHUtDPRVSHQVDURWHPDRHVWXGRGDV
FXOWXUDVGHRULJHPDIULFDQDQR1RYR0XQGRVHURSRQWRGHFRQYHUJrQFLD
entre esses intelectuais, no interior de uma rede de solidariedade intelectual,
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Afro-Brasileiros ou o Congresso de Americanistas?
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de Arthur Ramos com seus pares no Brasil e no exterior em torno dos

33
 +LVWyULDGD&XOWXUD$IUREUDVLOHLUD

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no Novo Mundo. Por tanto, a leitura das missivas trocadas entre eles revelam
DOJXQVDVSHFWRVFHQWUDLVQDHVWUDWpJLDGHVVHVHVSHFLDOLVWDVPHUHFHGRUHVGH
FRWHMRHGHXPDDQiOLVHPDLVDWHQWD(VSHFLDOPHQWHHVWDGRFXPHQWDomR
parece sugerir a aplicabilidade para esse campo, da assertiva formulada pela
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omRGDYLVmR´TXHVLWXDRVLQWHOHFWXDLVEUDVLOHLURVPDLVFRPRVXERUGLQDGRV
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µ9DPRVMXQWRVH[DPLQDUPDLVGHWLGDPHQWHHVWDKLSyWHVH"

DA DEFESA DO ESTUDO DAS CULTURAS AFRO-

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352'8d¯(6
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FBN-RJ, trocada por Melville Herskovits e Arthur Ramos foi remetida em
GHGH]HPEURGH1DFRUUHVSRQGrQFLDMiHQFRQWUDPRVDTXHODTXH
VHUiDSULQFLSDOFDUDFWHUtVWLFDGDUHODomRGHVVHVLQWHOHFWXDLVDFRRSHUDomR
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cada um dos estudiosos, entre outros temas.
Na resposta com data de 31 de dezembro 1935 Ramos acusa o rece-
ELPHQWRGRVOLYURVGH+HUVNRYLWV²UHPHWLGRVSHORSUySULRDXWRU²HHP
XPODPHQWRUHYHODDVXDSHUFHSomRVREUHRLQtFLRGHVHXFRQWDWRFRPD
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34
 O nascimento dos Estudos das Culturas Afro-americanas
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2
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OLWHUDWXUDHPIXQomRGRFXUVRGH3VLFRORJLD6RFLDOTXHPLQLVWUDQD8QLYHU
sidade do Distrito Federal.
&HUWDPHQWH RV OLYURV IRUDP EDVWDQWH VLJQLÀFDWLYRV DR SURFHVVR GH
GLIXVmRGHLGHLDVGRTXDO5DPRVSDUWLFLSDYD$HODERUDomRGHXPOLYUR
GH3VLFRORJLD6RFLDOSRGHULDWHUFRPRGHVWLQRQDWXUDOPHQWHR´XVRGRV
HVWXGDQWHVGHSVLFRORJLDVRFLDOGHPHXSDtVµPDVWDPEpPDSUHVHQWDU´RV
resultados dos muitos problemas relacionados com a vida do negro no
1RYR0XQGRHHVSHFLDOPHQWHQR%UDVLOµ3URYDYHOPHQWHWHULDHVVHVHQWLGRR
HQYLRj+HUVNRYLWVGRVQRYRVOLYURV´VREUHRQHJURQR%UDVLOµSXEOLFDGRV
SHOD%LEOLRWHFDGH'LYXOJDomR&LHQWtÀFD
$OpPGRVOLYURVDVFRQIHUrQFLDVWDPEpPSRGHULDPVHUPHQFLRQDGDV
HVSHFLDOPHQWHVHXVFRQWH~GRVSRLVSRGHULDPLQFOXLUDVLGHLDVHRVGDGRV
UHIHUHQWHVjSURGXomRGRVHVWXGRVGDVFXOWXUDVGHRULJHPDIULFDQDGDTXHOH
SHUtRGR$RH[SOLFDURDWUDVRQRHQYLRGDFRQIHUrQFLD´$VFXOWXUDQHJUDV
QR%UDVLOµ$UWKXU5DPRVH[SOLFLWDRVHXFRQWH~GR1DH[SRVLomRRFRUULGD
HP6mR3DXOR5DPRVWHULDIHLWR´XPDORQJDUHIHUrQFLDDRVVHXVWUDEDOKRVµ
OHLDVH DRV WUDEDOKRV GH +HUVNRYLWV ´EHP FRPR DRV QRVVRV ~OWLPRV GD
&ROHomRGH'LYXOJDomR&LHQWtÀFDFRQWLQXDomRGHHVWXGRVVREUHR1HJUR
QR%UDVLOµ$RUHIHULUVHDRVHXQRYROLYUR,QWURGXomRD3VLFRORJLD6RFLDO
UHLWHUDDIXQomRGDSXEOLFDomRGHÀQLGRDFRPRXPDREUDGLGiWLFDYROWDGD
para os alunos de psicologia social da Universidade do Distrito Federal, na
TXDO´SURFXUDGLYXOJDURPDLVSRVVtYHODELEOLRJUDÀDQRUWHDPHULFDQDVREUH
RDVVXQWRµ(GL]WHUJUDQGHH[SHFWDWLYDHPUHODomRDROLYURDLQGDQRSUHOR
sobre o folclore negro no Suriname e no Haiti.
$SURSRVWDGHHVWXGRVVREUHWHPDVQHJUREUDVLOHLURIHLWDDR0LQLVWpULR
GD(GXFDomREUDVLOHLURFRPRSDUWHGDFRPHPRUDomRSHORFLQTXHQWHQiULR
GD$EROLomRGD(VFUDYLGmRDSRQWDSDUDWHQWDWLYDGHDPSOLDomRGRDOFDQFH
GDVSURSRVLo}HVGH5DPRVFXMRREMHWLYRpDYDORUL]DomRGHVVHWHPD&RPR
UHIRUoRDHVVHSURMHWRHVWDULDDSXEOLFDomRSDUDDTXHOHVGLDVGROLYURGH

35
 +LVWyULDGD&XOWXUD$IUREUDVLOHLUD

0DQRHO4XHULQR&XOWXUDV$IULFDQDVQR%UDVLO²RTXDOWmRORJRIRVVHSXE
licado seria remetido a Herskovits.
(PDRWUDWDUHPXPDPLVVLYDGRHQYLRDWUDYpVGH´QRVVRDPLJR
5LFKDUG 3DWWHµ GR VHX OLYUR 7KH 1HJUR LQ %UD]LO 5DPRV UHYHOD H[LVWLU
SUHRFXSDomRSROtWLFDDOpPGDDFDGrPLFDHPVXDVSXEOLFDo}HVQHVWHFDVR
DGLYXOJDomRGHXPDFHUWDLQWHUSUHWDomRGRTXHGHÀQLUiFRPR´RGLOHPD
GR1HJURQR%UDVLOµ7KH1HJURLQ%UD]LOpGHÀQLGRFRPRXPUiSLGR´UH
VXPpµVREUHR´GLOHPDGR1HJURQR%UDVLOHVXDFRQWULEXLomRjFLYLOL]DomR
PDWHULDOEUDVLOHLUDµ2OLYURQmRWHULDXPLQWHUHVVHDQWURSROyJLFRVWULFWX
VHQVXFRQWXGRVHULDVRPHQWHXP´PRGHVWRHVIRUoRSDUDRFRQKHFLPHQWR
GROHLWRUPpGLRQRUWHDPHULFDQRµ
1RÀQDOGDGpFDGDGHÀFDFODURRHVIRUoRHPSUHHQGLGRSHORV
SLRQHLURVHFDUWyJUDIRVGRVHVWXGRVGDVFXOWXUDVDIURDPHULFDQRV'HVWDUWH
DOpP GD YLDELOLGDGH GRV HVWXGRV SURSULDPHQWH GLWR DRV SHVTXLVDGRUHV
WDPEpPFDEHULDDFRQVWUXomRGDOHJLWLPLGDGHGRWHPD(PRXWUDVSDOD
YUDVDOpPGRSURFHVVRGHFDUWRJUDÀDGRVHVWXGRVDIURDPHULFDQRVHVWDYD
HPFXUVRDFRQVWUXomRGRUHFRQKHFLPHQWRGDOHJLWLPLGDGHGHVWDWHPiWLFD
QRPHLRDFDGrPLFR(PGHMXOKRGHVHJXQGR+HUVNRYLWVKDYHULD
na Europa um crescente interesse pelos estudos afro-americanos. Nesse
VHQWLGRRWUDEDOKRGH5DPRVFRQWULEXLULD´SDUDHVWLPXODUHVWHLQWHUHVVHµ
Por outro lado, o mestre norte-americano comenta o que pode fazer para
FRQWULEXLUFRPDDPSOLDomRGRLQWHUHVVHSHORV´HVWXGRVDIURDPHULFDQRVµ
´,QFLGHQWDOPHQWHHXSRVVRID]HUDOJXPDFRLVDSDUDLQFHQWLYDUHVVHLQWHUHVVH
QR&RQJUHVVR,QWHUQDFLRQDOHP%UXVVHOVµ+HUVNRYLWVSDVVDUiXPPrVQD
(XURSDHDVVLPSRGHUiREVHUYDUR´VWDWXVDWXDOGDDQWURSRORJLDHXURSpLDµ
O papel exercido por esses estudiosos no processo de reconhecimento
dos estudos afro-americanos, como um campo de estudo legitimo, pro-
YDYHOPHQWHHVWDYD PDLV GHOLQHDGR QRV~OWLPRVDQRVGD GpFDGDGH 
+HUVNRYLWVDRWHUQRWtFLDVGDSURYiYHODXVrQFLDGRDIULFDQLVWDEUDVLOHLURQR
&RQJUHVVR,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH$PHULFDQLVWDVWHQWDFRQYHQFrORGDLPSRUWkQ
FLDGHVXDSUHVHQoDUHPHWHQGRVHDRSHVRGHVXDDWXDomRQHVVHHYHQWR(P
VHXDUJXPHQWRUHIHUHVHjLPSRUWkQFLDGH$UWKXU5DPRVHPDWXDUFRPR
FRSUHVLGHQWHGDVHVVmRHVSHFLDOGHHVWXGRVDIURDPHULFDQRVDWUDYpVGHVWD
VHVVmRVHGDUiSHODDSULPHLUDYH]RUHFRQKHFLPHQWRIRUPDOSDUDHVWiiUHD

(XHVSHURTXHYRFrSRVVDID]HULVWRLQIRUPDUVREUHDLGDDVVHVV}HV
MiTXHHXVXJHULDHOHVTXHYRFrVHULDDPHOKRUSHVVRDSDUDDWXDUFRPR
FRSUHVLGHQWH FRPLJRGHXPD VHomRHVSHFLDOVREUHHVWXGRV$IUR
$PHULFDQRVTXHHVWiVHQGRDUUXPDGR-iTXHHVWipDSULPHLUDYH]
TXHHVWDiUHDGHSHVTXLVDWHPVLGRIRUPDOPHQWHUHFRQKHFLGDSRUXP
&RQJUHVVR$PHULFDQLVWDHXDFKRTXHpLPSRUWDQWHSDUDQyVWHUPRVR
PHOKRUUHSUHVHQWDQWHSRVVtYHO(XDSUHFLDULDVXDUHVSRVWDSRUFRUUHLR
DpUHRVHSRVVtYHOFRPRSDUDVHXVSODQRVDFHUFDGHSUHVWDUVHUYLoR
QR&RQJUHVVRSDUDTXHQyVSRVVDPRVOHYDUDVFRLVDV+HUVNRYLWVD
Ramos 28 de abril de 1949), (grifo nosso).

36
 O nascimento dos Estudos das Culturas Afro-americanas
Aula

0DVHPGHPDLRGH$UWKXU5DPRVUHVSRQGHDVROLFLWDomRFRP
XPDUHVSRVWDQHJDWLYDQmRFRPSDUHFHUiDR&RQJUHVVRGH$PHULFDQLVWDV
HPIXQomRGRVFRPSURPLVVRVDVVXPLGRFRPROLYUR$(YROXomReWQLFD
2
GD&LGDGHGH6DOYDGRU1RYHGLDVGHSRLV+HUVNRYLWVODPHQWDYDDDXVrQFLD
de Ramos ao encontro de setembro. Para ele Ramos abrilhantaria o evento
FRP D ´ULTXH]D GRV PDWHULDLV DSUHVHQWDGRV QR VLPSyVLR VREUH (VWXGRV
$IUR$PHULFDQRV HP WHU VXD SDUWLFLSDomRµ +HUVNRYLWV FODVVLÀFD FRPR
excelente, e ajudaria muito, aos objetivos. E sugere a Ramos que apresente
´XPPHPRUDQGRDFHUFDGDVLGpLDVGRJUXSREUDVLOHLURGR$IURDPHULFDQLVWDV
VREUHR,QVWLWXWR,QWHUQDFLRQDOµ1HVVHVHQWLGR+HUVNRYLWVWHULDUHFHELGR
XPDFDUWDGH5RJHU%DVWLGHQDTXDOpVXJHULGRTXHQRV´HQFRQWURVGH
1RYD<RUNQRVGHVVHPXPDRSRUWXQLGDGHGHYHURQGHQyVÀFDPRVµ3RU
ÀP+HUVNRYLWVDSUHVHQWDRVVHXVDUJXPHQWRVDRVHXLQWHUORFXWRUDWUDYpV
GHXPDLQGDJDomR

6HULDSRUWDQWRGHDMXGDSDUDWRGRVQyVWHUPRVXPDGHFODUDomRTXH
GHYHUVHUDFUHVFHQWDGDSRUXPDGLVFXVVmRGHWRGRRSUREOHPDFRP
DOJXpPGR%UDVLOTXHHVWDYDVHUYLQGRDR&RQJUHVVRHSRGHULDGH
XPPRGRVHUFRQYLGDGRSDUDSDUWLFLSDUHPTXDOTXHUGLVFXVVmRGD
TXHVWmRFRPRVHXUHSUHVHQWDQWHXPGHYRFrVQmRSRGHULDYLUDR
encontros[...].

23URIHVVRU&DWHGUiWLFRHP$QWURSRORJLDH(WQRORJLDQD)DFXOGDGH
1DFLRQDOGH)LORVRÀDDDWXDO8QLYHUVLGDGHGR%UDVLO8)5-$UWKXU5DPRV
GH$UD~MR3HUHLUDHPDJRVWRGHUHVLGLDHP3DULV1RGLDGHVWH
PrV+HUVNRYLWVWHULDOKHUHPHWLGRD~OWLPDFDUWD1HODVmRDSUHVHQWDGRVR
VHQKRUHDVHQKRUD5REHUW/\]WDGTXHHVWDUmR´HP3DULVHPVHXFDPLQKR
SDUDRWUDEDOKRQRFDPSRQR2HVWHGDÉIULFDHVREUHTXHPHXMiHVFUHYL
SDUDYRFrµ'HWRGRPRGRVHMDTXDOIRLRGHVIHFKRGHVWDKLVWRULDDTXHOHV
LQWHOHFWXDLVODQoDYDPPmRGRH[HUFtFLRGHVROLGDULHGDGHLQWHOHFWXDOSUDWL
cada desde os anos trinta para viabilizar os seus estudos e de seus pares.
1DTXHOHVGLDV$UWKXU5DPRVGLULJLDR'HSDUWDPHQWRGH&LrQFLDV6RFLDLVGD
UNESCO, na capital francesa, onde faleceu. Por isso, Herskovits poderia
VXSRURXFRQWDUWHUDWHQGLGDDVROLFLWDomRSDUDTXH5DPRVRIHUHFHVVHRV
UHFXUVRVGHVHXHVFULWyULR´(XHVSHURTXHYRFrWHQKDWHPSRSDUDHOHVHD
DSUHFLDUHLTXDOTXHUFRLVDTXHVHXHVFULWyULRSXGHUDID]HUSRUHOHVµ
1R VLVWHPDLQWHOHFWXDO LQWHUQDFLRQDO GHUHÁH[mR DFHUFD GDVFXOWXUDV GH
RULJHPDIULFDQDFRPSRVWRSHORV´FDUWyJUDIRVµGDVFXOWXUDVDIURDPHULFDQDV
o Brasil parece ter ocupado um lugar privilegiado como campo de estudo e
IRUQHFHGRUGHSHVTXLVDGRUHVH$UWKXU5DPRVRFXSDGRROXJDUHPEOHPiWLFRQD
FRQYHUJrQFLDGHVVDVGXDVYDULiYHLV$VVLPDSDUWLUGDVFRUUHVSRQGrQFLDVWURFD
das entre Arthur Ramos, Melville Herskovists, poderemos aprender qual foi a
LPSRUWkQFLDGR%UDVLOHGDTXHOHLQWHOHFWXDOEUDVLOHLURHPXPVLVWHPDLQWHOHFWXDO
LQWHUQDFLRQDOTXHVHRFXSRXHPGHIHQGHUJDUDQWLUHQÀPWRUQDUDVFXOWXUDVGH

37
 +LVWyULDGD&XOWXUD$IUREUDVLOHLUD

RULJHPDIULFDQDQR1RYR0XQGRHDSUySULDÉIULFDWHPDVGHHVWXGRUHOHYDQWHV
$RDQDOLVDUPRVDVFRUUHVSRQGrQFLDVWURFDGDVHQWUHRDIULFDQLVWDEUDVLOHLUR
HRQRUWHDPHULFDQRREVHUYDPRVWHUKDYLGRSDUDDOpPGDDPL]DGHTXHVHU
IRUPRX HQWUHDPERVGLYHUVDV PDQLIHVWDo}HVTXHFDUDFWHUL]DP HVVHWLSRGH
DWRUHVHPXPFDPSRLQWHOHFWXDO$LQGDTXHWHQKDKDYLGRQDVGpFDGDVGH
HXPHVIRUoRSHODVLVWHPDWL]DomROHJLWLPDomRHFRQWUROHGRHVWXGRGDV
culturas afro-americanas e do estabelecimento deste tema em campo de estudo
OHJtWLPR(PRXWUDSDODYUDVDGHIHVDGRHVWXGRGDVFXOWXUDVDIURDPHULFDQDVH
DGLYXOJDomRGHVVDVSURGXo}HVDVUHGHVGHVROLGDULHGDGHVLQWHOHFWXDLVFRPDV
FRRSHUDo}HVHWURFDVGHLQIRUPDo}HVVREUHRHVWDGRGHHVWXGRVHQWUHPHVWUHV
bem como as redes de solidariedade intelectual com os jovens intelectuais. To-
GDYLDVHUiHPIXQomRGDPRQWDJHPGDHVWUDWpJLDGHLQWHJUDomRGHVVHVLVWHPD
LQWHOHFWXDOTXHVHSRGHUiHVWDEHOHFHURXWUDDGDFRQVWUXomRGDOHJLWLPLGDGH
dos Estudos Afro-Americanos, como um tema e campo no meio intelectuais.
$H[LVWrQFLDHDPSOLDomRDRORQJRGRVpFXOR;;GRVHVWXGRVGDVFXOWXUDVGH
RULJHPDIULFDQDQDYHUWHQWHGDKLVWyULDGDFXOWXUDDIURDPHULFDQDRXGD+LVWyULD
GDFXOWXUDDIULFDQDQR$WOkQWLFRSURYDYHOPHQWHGHFRUUHGRSURFHVVRGHEXVFD
SHORUHFRQKHFLPHQWRHOHJLWLPLGDGHSRUSDUWHGHVHXVSLRQHLURVHFDUWyJUDIRV

&21&/86®2
2VHVWXGRVGDVRULJHQVGDVSRSXODo}HVHFXOWXUDVGHRULJHPDIULFDQDQDV
WUrV$PpULFDVYLYHUDPPRPHQWRVGHVLJQLÀFDWLYRVLQYHVWLPHQWRVDPSOLDomR
HVLVWHPDWL]DomR2VHVSHFLDOLVWDVQHOHVHQYROYLGRVHVWLYHUDPRULHQWDGRVSHOD
GLPHQVmRSROtWLFDGHVHXWHPSRHFLHQWHVGDVLPSOLFDo}HVGHVHXVHVWXGRV
1DSUHVHQWHDXODYRFrSHUFHEHUiFRPRRVHVWXGLRVRVEUDVLOHLURVSDUWLFLSDUDP
ativamente de uma rede internacional dedicada ao desenvolvimento desses
HVWXGRVQDVGpFDGDVGHH(SRURXWURODGRFRPRIRLQHFHVViULR
o empenho conjunto, o trabalhos em rede para garantir o reconhecimento
DFDGrPLFRGHVVHVHVWXGRVQRPHLRDFDGrPLFRLQWHUQDFLRQDO

RESUMO
'RLVHVSHFLDOLVWDVQRVHVWXGRV´GD&XOWXUD$IUR$PHULFDQDµ6LGQH\
:0LQW]H5LFKDUG3ULFHDRHVFUHYHUDPRVHXFOiVVLFR21DVFLPHQWRGD
&XOWXUD$IUR$PHULFDQDSUHVWDPXPDUHYHUrQFLDDRVHVWXGLRVRVGHJHUD
o}HVDQWHULRUHV2VLGHQWLÀFDPFRPRHUXGLWRVFDUWyJUDIRVHSLRQHLURVQRV
HVWXGRVVREUHRFRQWDWRGDVSRSXODo}HVHFXOWXUDVGHRULJHPDIULFDQDFRP
RHQWmRFKDPDGR1RYR0XQGR2VHVSHFLDOLVWDVQHVVHHVWXGRVVmRQRPHV
como W.E.B. DuBois, Carter G. Woodson, Fernado Ortiz, Nina Rodrigues,
Arthur Ramos, Jean Price-Mars, Melville J. Herskovits, E. Franklin Frazier,
=RUD1HDOH+XUVWRQ*RQ]DOR$JXLUUH%HOWUiQ5RJHU%DVWLGH5{PXOR/D
FKDWDxHUpHQWUHRXWURV1RVVDDXODHVWDEHOHFHXPGLiORJRHQWUHRVLVWHPD

38
 O nascimento dos Estudos das Culturas Afro-americanas
Aula

intelectual apontado por Mintz e Price e o campo intelectual brasileiro. O

ID]HPRVDSDUWLUGDGRFXPHQWDomRSURGX]LGDSRUDOJXQVGHVVHVHVWXGLRVRV
DVFRUUHVSRQGrQFLDVWURFDGDVHQWUH$UWKXU5DPRVH0HOYLOOH+HUVNRYLWLV
2
Em outras palavras, focalizaremos uma mostra desse sistema intelectual de
UHÁH[mRGHGLFDGRDRVHVWXGRVGDVSRSXODo}HVHFXOWXUDVGHRULJHPDIULFDQD
QDV$PpULFDVHVWDEHOHFLGRQDVGpFDGDVGHH

ATIVIDADES
6HJXQGRD +LVWRULDGRUDÇQJHOD GH &DVWUR*RPHV*20(6
51-75) ao analisar o contato intelectual estabelecido entre Oliveira Lima e
*LOEHUWR)UH\UHFRQFOXLVHUSRVVtYHO´FRQKHFHUPHOKRUDVWUDPDVGRFDPSR
LQWHOHFWXDOEUDVLOHLURGRLQtFLRGRVpFXOR;;EHPFRPRVXDVDUWLFXODo}HV
FRPXPVLVWHPDLQWHOHFWXDOLQWHUQDFLRQDOLGHQWLÀFDQGRDOJXQVDXWRUHVTXH
IXQFLRQDYDPFRPRUHIHUHQWHVDFDGrPLFRVHLQVWLWXFLRQDLVµ&RPEDVHQD
OHLWXUDGRVFRQWH~GRVGHVVDDXODHODERUHXPWH[WRLQGLFDQGRDRPHQRVGRLV
SRQWRVRQGHHVVDDVVHUWLYDVHMDFRQÀUPDGRRXUHIXWDGR

&20(17É5,262%5($6$7,9,'$'(6
$SyVDOHLWXUDGDDXODHIHLWXUDGDVDWLYLGDGHVSURSRVWDVRDOXQRGHYHUi
SHUFHEHUDLPSRUWkQFLD GRVHVSHFLDOLVWDVEUDVLOHLURVQRSURFHVVRGH
VLVWHPDWL]DomRHLQVWLWXFLRQDOL]DomRGRVHVWXGRVDIURDPHULFDQRV

35Ð;,0$$8/$
1HVVDDXODYLPRVRSURFHVVRGHFRQVWUXomRHVLVWHPDWL]DomRGDWHPiWLFD
&XOWXUD$IURDPHULFDQDHRVDWRUHVVRFLDLVQHOHHQYROYLGRV1DSUy[LPDDXOD
YHUHPRVTXHpXPDLUPDQGDGHVXDVDWULEXLo}HVHVWDWXWiULDVEHPFRPRRX
seu funcionamento.

39
 +LVWyULDGD&XOWXUD$IUREUDVLOHLUD

$872$9$/,$d®2
6RX FDSD] GH HQWHQGHU R SURFHVVR GH FRQVWUXomR H VXUJLPHQWR GD
WHPiWLFD&XOWXUD$IURDPHULFDQD"6RXFDSD]GHLGHQWLÀFDURVDWRUHVVRFLDLV
HQYROYLGRVQRVHXSURFHVVRGHLQVWLWXFLRQDOL]DomRQRFHQiULRDFDGrPLFR
internacional?

$VFRUUHVSRQGrQFLDVFLWDGDVIRUDPFRQVXOWDGDVQR$UTXLYR$UWKXU
5DPRV²)XQGDomR%LEOLRWHFD1DFLRQDO5LRGH-DQHLUR

Carta de Melville Herskovits a Arthur Ramos: 31 de dezembro de 1935.

Carta de Ramos a Herskovits: 28 de fevereiro de 1936.
Carta de Ramos a Herskovits: 16/05/36.
Carta de Ramos a Herskovits: 15 de agosto de 1936.
&DUWDGH5DPRVD+HUVNRYLWVGHPDUoRGH
Carta Ramos a Herskovits: 20 de junho de 1939.
Carta de Herskovits a Arthur Ramos: 7 de julho de 1948.
Carta de Herskovits a Ramos: 28 de abril de 1949.
Carta de Ramos a Herskovits: 3 de maio de 1949.
Carta de Herskovits a Ramos: 12 de maio de 1949.
Carta de Herskovits a Ramos: 20 de agosto de 1949.

5()(5È1&,$6
BARROS, Luitgarde Oliveira Cavalcanti. $UWKXU 5DPRV HDV GLQkPLFDV
sociais de seu tempo. HG0DFHLy('8)$/
BOURDIEU, Pierre. Campo do poder, campo intelectual e habitus de classein:
In: $HFRQRPLDGDVWURFDVVLPEyOLFDV6mR3DXOR3HUVSHFWLYD
&$0326 0DULD -RVp Arthur Ramos: luz e sombra na Antropologia
brasileira ²8PDYHUVmRGDGHPRFUDFLDUDFLDOQR%UDVLOQDVGpFDGDVGH
H'LVVHUWDomRGH0HVWUDGR6mR3DXOR33*$6))/&+863
*20(6$QJHODGH&DVWUR(PIDPtOLDDFRUUHVSRQGrQFLDHQWUH2OLYHLUD
Lima e Gilberto Freyre. In: (VFULWDGHVLHVFULWDGD+LVWyULD. Rio de Janeiro
(GLWRUDGD)XQGDomR*HW~OLR9DUJDV
*8,0$5®(60DULD(GXDUGD$UD~MR$FRQVSLUDomRGRVLOrQFLR: Arthur
5DPRVHRQHJURQD$QWURSRORJLDEUDVLOHLUD'LVVHUWDomRGH0HVWUDGR6mR
3DXOR&LrQFLDV6RFLDLV38&63
MATTOS, Hebe Maria. 0DUFDVGDHVFUDYLGmRELRJUDÀDUDFLDOL]DomRH
PHPyULDGRFDWLYHLURQD+LVWyULDGR%UDVLO7HVHGH3URIHVVRU7LWXODUHP
+LVWyULDGR%UDVLO8QLYHUVLGDGH)HGHUDO)OXPLQHQVH

40
 O nascimento dos Estudos das Culturas Afro-americanas
Aula

________. 'DVFRUHVGRVLOrQFLRRVVLJQLÀFDGRVGDOLEHUGDGHQR6XGHVWH
HVFUDYLVWD²%UDVLOVpFXOR;,;5LRGH-DQHLUR$UTXLYR1DFLRQDO
MELLO E SOUZA, Marina de. Reis negros no Brasil escravista: KLVWyULD
2
GDIHVWDGHFRURDomRGR5HL&RQJR%HOR+RUL]RQWH(G8)0*
MINTZ, Sidney; PRICE, Richard. O nascimento da cultura afro-
americana. Rio de Janeiro: Pallas-UCAM, 2003.
MOURA, Gerson. Tio Sam chega ao BrasilDSHQHWUDomRFXOWXUDODPHUL
FDQDHG6mR3DXOR(G%UDVLOLHQVHS
5(,6-RmR-RVp5HEHOLmRHVFUDYDQR%UDVLODKLVWyULDGR/HYDQWHGRV
0DOrV6mR3DXOR&LDGDV/HWUDV
6,/9$-~OLR&OiXGLRGD%$5526/XLWJDUGH2OLYHLUD&DYDOFDQWL2SHQVD
PHQWRVRFLDOEUDVLOHLURHDTXHVWmRGRQHJUR,Q*21d$/9(60DULD$OLFH
Rezende. (GXFDomRFXOWXUDHOLWHUDWXUDDIUREUDVLOHLUD. Rio de Janeiro,
Quartet-NEAB-UERJ, 2007.
6,/9$-~OLR&OiXGLRGDO nascimento dos estudos das culturas af-
ricanas, o Movimento Negro no Brasil e o antirracismo em Arthur
Ramos (1934-1949).'LVVHUWDomRGH0HVWUDGR1LWHUyL33*+68))
SLENES, Robert. 1D VHQ]DODXPD ÁRU HVSHUDQoDVH UHFRUGDo}HV QD
IRUPDomRGDIDPtOLDHVFUDYD5LRGH-DQHLUR1RYD)URQWHLUD
SOARES, Mariza de Carvalho. Devotos da cor LGHQWLGDGH pWLFD UHOL
JLRVLGDGHHHVFUDYLGmRQR5LRGH-DQHLURVpFXOR;9,,,5LRGH-DQHLUR
&LYLOL]DomR%UDVLOHLUD
THORNTON, John. $ÉIULFDHRVDIULFDQRVQDIRUPDomRGRPXQGR
$WOkQWLFR². Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier-Editora Campus, 2004.

41