A state where political power is concentrated in the national capital (central state) a state which derives a substantial portion of its national resources from renting indigenous resources to external clients. A state's legitimacy derived from a long-standing tradition of being obeyed.
A state where political power is concentrated in the national capital (central state) a state which derives a substantial portion of its national resources from renting indigenous resources to external clients. A state's legitimacy derived from a long-standing tradition of being obeyed.
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A state where political power is concentrated in the national capital (central state) a state which derives a substantial portion of its national resources from renting indigenous resources to external clients. A state's legitimacy derived from a long-standing tradition of being obeyed.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Normative Questions that deal with how the world should be
Questions Empirical Questions that deal with how the world is Questions State Organizations that exert a monopoly of violence or force over a territory Unitary State A state where the political power is concentrated in the national capital! Federal State A state where political power is divided between the national capital (central state) and regions/localities Rentier A state which derives a substantial portion of its national resources from renting indigenous resources to external clients Nation A human community with shared culture, history, psychological sense of identity; based on culture, geographic, linguistic ties Country state, government, regime and people within a political system Regime norms and rules regulating individual freedoms and collective equality Society Group of people who share a distractive cultural and economic organization, as well as set of values and norms Government The leadership that administers the state Institutions Legislative, executive, judiciary, and bureaucracy Politics The struggle for power that gives winners the ability to make decisions affecting others; who gets what, when, and how Political Culture patterns of basic norms relating to politics; includes history, values, beliefs, traditions; influences political behavior Legitimacy extent to which a state’s authority is considered right or proper Traditional legitimacy derived from a long-standing tradition of Legitimacy being obeyed Charismatic legitimacy derived from the peoples’ identification Legitimacy with the magnetic appeal of the leader Albert Kim – AP Gov Key Terms Pg.2
Rational-legal legitimacy derived from a system of laws or
Legitimacy procedures that have become highly institutionalized Sovereignty a state’s ability to carry out actions independently Legislature branch of government formally charged with making laws Bicameral A legislature with two chambers Unicameral A single chamber legislature Executive Branch of government formally charged with making laws Head of leader who deals with everyday tasks of running government the state Head of state Leader who symbolizes and represents the people nationally and internationally, embodying and articulating the goals of the regime Revolution A major revision or overthrow of basic institutions Correlation Apparent association between certain factors or variables Causation When a change in one variable causes a change in another Political Cleavage Factors that separate groups Crosscutting A division that includes people with differences, Cleavages strengthening society Coinciding A division that strengthens feelings of difference Cleavages and discrepancy, weakening society Democracy System of government where the people choose policymakers in free, fair, and competitive elections
Liberal Democracy A democracy with political competition, economic
freedom, civil rights and liberties Illiberal Democracy A democracy where some personal liberties and democratic rights are limited Social Democracy A hybrid of liberalism and communism; values on both equality and individual freedoms; mixed welfare state Communism A system of government that emphasizes economic equality rather than individual political and economic freedoms; includes collective property (state ownership) and a dominant state Albert Kim – AP Gov Key Terms Pg.3
Authoritarian regimes that limit the role of the public in decision
making and deny citizens’ basic rights and restrict their freedoms Corporatism Citizen participation is channeled through state- sanctioned groups. When business, labor, and the government work close in policymaking Cooptation System used by non-democratic regimes where members of the public are brought into a beneficial relationship with the state and government Theocracy A system of government where the leader claims to rule on behalf of God Political Ideology Universal sets of political values regarding the fundamental goals of politics; ideal balance between freedom and equality Liberalism (as a A political ideology that places a high priority on political ideology) individual political and economic freedoms; favors economic equality, private property, capitalism, and protection Libertarian ideology favoring little government interference in the economy and personal freedoms Political Attitude Views regarding the status quo in a society; desired pace and method of political change Liberalism (as an A political attitude that supports evolutionary attitude) change within a system Reactionary A political attitude that promotes rapid change to restore political, social, and economic institutions that once existed Radicalism A political attitude that supports rapid, extensive, revolutionary change Conservatism Supports the status quo and views change as risky
Nationalism The pride in one’s country or culture
Fascism political attitude hostile to the idea of individual freedom and rejects notion of equality Proportional in multimember districts, more than one legislative Representation seat is contested in each electoral district. Voters vote for a list of party candidates instead of for a single representative and the percentage of votes a party receives determines how many of the di First Past the System where there is only one representative for Post/Single each constituency and in each district the Albert Kim – AP Gov Key Terms Pg.4
Member District candidate with the greatest number of votes wins
the seat. Mixed electoral voters are given two votes for a candidate in a system party; SMDs are elected based on plurality while other seats are elected from MMDs using PR Political Economy The study of how politics and economics are related Developed high level of development based on Countries industrialization, GDP, HDI, etc. Developing countries with low standards of democratic Countries governments, industrialization, social programs, and human rights guarantees Under-developed State that has failed at some of the basic Countries conditions and responsibilities of a sovereign government (loss of control of territory, erosion of legitimacy, unreasonable public services, inability to interact as a member of the international community) Neoliberal Free markets and free trade. Break down barriers Economic Reforms to international trade and investment.
GDP The total market value of goods and services
produced in a country in one year, measured in US dollars. Tool for evaluating size of economy. PPP Purchasing power parity. Mechanism for estimating the real buying power of income in each country using prices in the U.S. as a benchmark. Gini Index Commonly used measurer of economic inequality; equality = 0 and inequality = 100. HDI a measure produced by the United Nations to measure standards of living; considers a variety of factors of affluence such as health and education Globalization Phenomenon where international forces shape politics in the context of a rapidly expanding and intensifying set of links among states, societies, economies Linkage institution Groups that connect the people to the government, such as political parties, interest groups, print and electronic media Bureaucracy structure and set of regulations in place to control activity, usually in large organizations and government Albert Kim – AP Gov Key Terms Pg.5
Marxism Struggle between resources of the elites and
proletariats leads to the classless society Marxism-Leninism vanguard of the proletariat, which is that the people with an understanding of Marxism would help the proletariat revolutionize Command The government decides, plans, and controls the Economy economy Economic Decreasing involvement of the state in economics Liberalization Democratization Transformation process from a nondemocratic regime to a procedural democracy to a substantive democracy Democratic deficit Idea that the EU is not democratic enough or meaningful enough to most EU citizens Devolution The handing down of power to regions and localities Civil servants Branch of government where people work for merit
Civil service Government workers hired on the basis of
competitive exams Civil society Place where political conflict and competition takes place; comprises organizations outside the state that help the people define and advance their own interests Clientelism states provide benefits to groups of political supporters ISI (Import – an economic development strategy emphasizing substitution growth of domestic industries by using tariff industrialization) protection Interest group Group of individuals who share common goals and try to influence public policy to meet these goals NGOs organizations across many different countries such (Nongovernmental as Amnesty International and the International Red organizations) Cross Judicial review Mechanism through which the court reviews laws and policies and overturns those seen as violations of the constitution Parliamentary a system of government featuring an executive system head of government (prime minister) elected from the legislature who is the leader of the largest political party; he and his cabinet are charged with Albert Kim – AP Gov Key Terms Pg.6
formulating and executing policy
Prebendalism Extreme patron-clientelism; common in Nigeria
Presidential system Combines the roles of head of state and head of government; the president holds most of the government’s executive powers. Has directly Semi-Presidential A system of government that includes a prime System minister approved by the legislature and a directly elected president; they share executive power Privatization Selling state-owned company Referendum Direct vote yes/no policy; examples: Tony Blair for adopting of euro (considered) and Putin for Russia policy Rule of law A state of order in which events conform to the law; every member of society must obey the law Supranational An organization where decisions are made by organization international institutions Technocrat A system where decision makers are selected based on how skilled they are rather than how much political capital they hold Totalitarianism regime wherein a Communist party controls most aspects of a country’s political and economic system Fusion of powers the idea in the UK that Parliament is the supreme legislative, executive, and judicial authority. Legislative and executive is fused in the cabinet. Socialism State before classless society gains control Radical Favors fundamental, drastic, revolutionary changes in society Nationalism Ideology that focuses on the nation; pride and love of one’s country Market Economy Interaction between forces and supply and demand that allocate the goods and resources
Case Digest Basic Legal Ethics Subject in The Matter of The IBP Membership Dues Delinquency of Atty. MARCIAL A. EDILLION (IBP Administrative Case No. MDD-1), Petitioner (A.C. 1928, 19 December 1980)