June 2006

6666 Core Mathematics C4

Mark Scheme
Question
Scheme Marks
Number

Differentiates implicitly to include either

dy dy ⎛ dy ⎞ M1
1. ⎧ dy ⎫ dy dy ±ky or ±3 . (Ignore ⎜ = ⎟ .)
⎨ =⎬ 6x − 4y +2−3 =0 dx dx ⎝ dx ⎠ A1
⎩ dx ⎭ dx dx
Correct equation.

⎧ dy 6x + 2 ⎫
⎨ = ⎬ not necessarily required.
⎩ dx 4y + 3 ⎭

Substituting x = 0 & y = 1 into an equation

dy 0 + 2 2 involving
dy
;
At (0, 1), = = dx dM1;
dx 4 + 3 7 2 −2 A1 cso
to give 7
or −7

7 −1 Uses m(T) to ‘correctly’ find m(N). Can be

Hence m(N) = − or A1 oe.
2 2
7
ft from “their tangent gradient”.

Either N: y − 1 = − 72 (x − 0)
y − 1 = m(x − 0) with
‘their tangent or normal gradient’;
M1;
or uses y = mx + 1 with ‘their tangent or
or N: y = − 72 x + 1
normal gradient’ ;

Correct equation in the form

' ax + by + c = 0 ' , A1 oe
N: 7x + 2y – 2 = 0
cso
where a, b and c are integers.

[7]

7 marks

dy 2
Beware: = does not necessarily imply the award of all the first four marks in this question.
dx 7
So please ensure that you check candidates’ initial differentiation before awarding the first A1 mark.

Beware: The final accuracy mark is for completely correct solutions. If a candidate flukes the final line then they must be
awarded A0.

Beware: A candidate finding an m(T) = 0 can obtain A1ft for m(N) = ∞ , but obtains M0 if they write y − 1 = ∞(x − 0) . If
they write, however, N: x = 0, then can score M1.

Beware: A candidate finding an m(T) = ∞ can obtain A1ft for m(N) = 0, and also obtains M1 if they write
y − 1 = 0(x − 0) or y = 1.

Beware: The final cso refers to the whole question.

33
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
Aliter
Differentiates implicitly to include either
M1
⎧⎪ d x ⎫⎪ dx dx ⎛ dx ⎞
1. dx dx ±kx or ±2 . (Ignore ⎜ = ⎟ .)
⎨ =⎬ 6x − 4y + 2 − 3 = 0
dy dy
dy dy ⎝ dy ⎠ A1
⎩⎪ d y ⎪⎭ Correct equation.
Way 2
⎧ dx 4y + 3 ⎫
⎨ = ⎬ not necessarily required.
⎩ dy 6x + 2 ⎭

Substituting x = 0 & y = 1 into an equation

dx 4 + 3 7 involving dx ;
At (0, 1), = = dy dM1;
dy 0 + 2 2 7 A1 cso
to give 2

dx
7 −1 Uses m(T) or dy to ‘correctly’ find m(N).
Hence m(N) = − or A1 oe.
2 2
7 Can be ft using “ −1. dx
dy ”.

y − 1 = m(x − 0) with
Either N: y − 1 = − 72 (x − 0) ‘their tangent, dx
or normal gradient’;
dy
M1;
or uses y = mx + 1 with ‘their tangent,
or N: y = − 72 x + 1
dx
dy or normal gradient’ ;

Correct equation in the form

' ax + by + c = 0 ' , A1 oe
N: 7x + 2y – 2 = 0
cso
where a, b and c are integers.

7 marks

34
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
Aliter
1. 2y 2 + 3y − 3x 2 − 2x − 5 = 0
Way 3
( y + 34 )
2
− 169 = 3 x2
2
+x + 5
2

y= ( 3 x2
2
+x+ 49
16 )− 3
4

Differentiates using the chain rule; M1;

dy 1
( )
− 21
= 3x2
2
+x+ 49
16 ( 3x + 1) Correct expression for
dy
. A1 oe
dx 2
dx

At (0, 1), dy
− 21 Substituting x = 0 into an equation involving dx
;
dy 1 ⎛ 49 ⎞ 1⎛ 4⎞ 2 dM1
= = = −2
dx 2 ⎜⎝ 16 ⎟⎠ ⎜ ⎟ 2
to give or −7 A1 cso
2⎝7⎠ 7 7

7 Uses m(T) to ‘correctly’ find m(N).

Hence m(N) = − A1
2 Can be ft from “their tangent gradient”.

Either N: y − 1 = − 72 (x − 0)
y − 1 = m(x − 0) with
‘their tangent or normal gradient’;
M1
or uses y = mx + 1 with ‘their tangent or
or N: y = − 72 x + 1
normal gradient’

Correct equation in the form ' ax + by + c = 0 ' ,

N: 7x + 2y – 2 = 0 A1 oe
where a, b and c are integers.

[7]

7 marks

35
Question
Scheme Marks
Number

Considers this identity complete

and either substitutes
x = 21 , equates M1
2. (a) 3x − 1 ≡ A(1 − 2x) + B
coefficients or solves
simultaneous
equations
Let x = 21 ; 3
2
−1 = B ⇒ B= 1
2

Equate x terms; 3 = − 2A ⇒ A = − 32 A = − 32 ; B = 1
2 A1;A1

(No working seen, but A and B correctly stated ⇒ award all

three marks. If one of A or B correctly stated give two out of [3]
the three marks available for this part.)

Moving powers to
(b) f(x) = − 32 (1 − 2x)−1 + 21 (1 − 2x)−2 top on any one of M1
the two expressions

Either 1 ± 2x or
⎧ ( −1)( −2) ( −1)( −2)( −3) ⎫ 1 ± 4x from either
= − 32 ⎨1 + ( −1)( −2x); + ( −2x)2 + ( −2x)3 + ...⎬
⎩ 2! 3! ⎭ first or second dM1;
expansions
respectively

Ignoring − 32 and 1
2
,
⎧ ( −2)( −3) ( −2)( −3)( −4) ⎫ any one correct
A1
+ 21 ⎨1 + ( −2)( −2x); +
⎩ 2!
( −2x)2 +
3!
( −2x)3 + ...⎬
⎭
{..........} expansion.
Both {..........}
A1

correct.

{ }
= − 32 1 + 2x + 4x 2 + 8x 3 + ... + 1
2 {1 + 4x + 12x 2
}
+ 32x 3 + ...

= −1 − x ; + 0x 2 + 4x 3 −1 − x ; (0x 2 ) + 4x 3 A1; A1
[6]

9 marks

36
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
Aliter
2. (b) f(x) = (3x − 1)(1 − 2x)−2 Moving power to top M1
Way 2
⎛ ( −2)( −3) ⎞
⎜ 1 + ( −2)( −2x) ; + ( −2x)2 + ⎟ 1 ± 4x ; dM1;
2!
= ( 3x − 1) × ⎜ ⎟ Ignoring (3x − 1) , correct
⎜ ( −2)( −3)( −4)
⎜ ( −2x) + ... ⎟⎟
3
(...........) expansion A1
⎝ 3! ⎠

= (3x − 1)(1 + 4x + 12x 2 + 32x 3 + ...)

= 3x + 12x 2 + 36x 3 − 1 − 4x − 12x 2 − 32x 3 + ... Correct expansion

U U A1

= −1 − x ; + 0x 2 + 4x 3 −1 − x ; (0x 2 ) + 4x 3 A1; A1
[6]

Aliter
2. (b) Maclaurin expansion
Way 3
f(x) = − 32 (1 − 2x)−1 + 21 (1 − 2x)−2 Bringing both
M1
powers to top

Differentiates to give
a(1 − 2x) −2 ± b(1 − 2x)−3 ; M1;
f ′(x) = − 3(1 − 2x)−2 + 2(1 − 2x)−3
A1 oe
−3(1 − 2x)−2 + 2(1 − 2x)−3

f ′′(x) = − 12(1 − 2x)−3 + 12(1 − 2x)−4

f ′′′(x) = − 72(1 − 2x)−4 + 96(1 − 2x)−5 Correct f ′′(x) and f ′′′(x) A1

∴ f(0) = − 1 , f ′(0) = − 1 , f ′′(0) = 0 and f ′′′(0) = 24

gives f(x) = − 1 − x; + 0x 2 + 4x 3 + ... −1 − x ; (0x 2 ) + 4x 3 A1; A1

[6]

37
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
Aliter
Moving powers to top
2. (b) f(x) = − 3(2 − 4x)−1 + 21 (1 − 2x)−2 on any one of the two M1
expressions
Way 4
⎧ −1 −2 ( −1)( −2) −3 ⎫ Either 21 ± x or 1 ± 4x
⎪(2) + ( −1)(2) ( −4x); + (2) ( −4x)2 ⎪
⎪ 2! ⎪ from either first or dM1;
= −3 ⎨ ⎬
⎪ ( −1)( −2)( −3) −4 ⎪ second expansions
+ (2) ( −4x) + ...
3
⎪⎩ 3! ⎪⎭ respectively

Ignoring −3 and 1
2
,
⎧ ( −2)( −3) ( −2)( −3)( −4) ⎫ any one correct
+ 21 ⎨1 + ( −2)( −2x); + ( −2x)2 + ( −2x)3 + ...⎬ A1
⎩ 2! 3! ⎭ {..........} expansion.
Both {..........} correct.
A1

= −3 { 1
2 }
+ x + 2x 2 + 4x 3 + ... + 1
2 {1 + 4x + 12x 2
}
+ 32x 3 + ...

= −1 − x ; + 0x 2 + 4x 3 −1 − x ; (0x 2 ) + 4x 3 A1; A1

[6]

38
Question
Scheme Marks
Number

2π

3. (a) Area Shaded =

∫ 3 sin (
0
x
2 ) dx

Integrating 3 sin ( 2x ) to give

⎡ −3 cos ( 2x ) ⎤
2π

=⎢ 1 ⎥ k cos ( 2x ) with k ≠ 1 . M1
⎣ 2 ⎦0
Ignore limits.

= ⎡⎣ − 6 cos ( 2x ) ⎤⎦ −6 cos ( 2x ) or cos ( 2x )

2π −3
0
1
2
A1 oe.

= [ −6( −1)] − [ −6(1)] = 6 + 6 = 12 U U

12 A1 cao
U U

[3]
(Answer of 12 with no working scores M0A0A0.)

∫
2π 2π
Use of V = π y 2 dx .
∫ ( 3 sin ( )) ∫
dx = 9π sin2 ( 2x ) dx
2
(b) Volume = π x
2 M1
0 0 Can be implied. Ignore limits.

⎡NB : cos 2x = ±1 ± 2 sin2 x gives sin2 x = 1 − cos2x ⎤ Consideration of the Half Angle
⎣ 2 ⎦ Formula for sin ( 2x ) or the
2
M1 ∗
⎡NB : cos x = ±1 ± 2 sin ( ) gives sin ( ) =
2 x 2 x 1 − cos x⎤
2
⎣ 2 2 2 ⎦ Double Angle Formula for sin x

2π
⎛ 1 − cos x ⎞
∫ ⎜⎝
Correct expression for Volume
∴Volume = 9( π) ⎟ dx A1
2 ⎠ Ignore limits and π .
0

9 ( π)
2π

=
2 ∫ (1 − cos x) dx
0

9 ( π) Integrating to give ±ax ± b sin x ; depM1 ∗ ;

[ x − sin x ] 0
2π
=
U U

2 Correct integration
k − k cos x → kx − k sin x A1

9π
=
2
[(2π − 0) − (0 − 0)]

9π Use of limits to give

= (2π) = 9 π2 or 88.8264… A1 cso
2 either 9 π2 or awrt 88.8
P P

P P

Solution must be completely [6]

correct. No flukes allowed.

9
marks

39
Question
Scheme Marks
Number

4. (a) x = sin t , y = sin ( t + π

6 )
Attempt to differentiate both x and M1
dx dy
= cos t , = cos ( t + π
6 ) y wrt t to give two terms in cos
dt dt Correct dx and dy A1
dt dt

π Divides in correct way and

When t = , substitutes for t to give any of the
6 four underlined oe:
dy cos ( 6π + π
) 1
1 Ignore the double negative if A1
= 6
= 2
= = awrt 0.58
dx cos ( 6π ) 3
3
candidate has differentiated
2 sin → − cos

When t =
π
6
, x=
1
2
, y=
2
3 The point ( 1
2
, 2
3
) or ( 1
2
, awrt 0.87 ) B1

Finding an equation of a tangent with

their point and their tangent gradient
or finds c and uses
T: y − 2
3
= 1
3
( x − 21 ) y = (their gradient)x + " c " .
dM1

Correct EXACT equation of tangent A1 oe

oe.

or 2
3
= 1
3
( 21 ) + c ⇒ c = 2
3
− 6
3
= 3
3

or T: ⎡ y = ⎤
3 3
x+
⎣ 3 3
⎦
[6]

y = sin ( t + Use of compound angle formula

(b) π
6 ) = sin t cos 6π + cos t sin 6π
for sine.
M1

Nb : sin2 t + cos2 t ≡ 1 ⇒ cos2 t ≡ 1 − sin2 t

Use of trig identity to find cos t in

∴ x = sin t gives cos t = (1 − x ) 2
2
terms of x or cos t in terms of x.
M1

3
∴y = 2
sin t + 21 cos t

Substitutes for
gives y= 2
3
x+ 1
2 (1 − x ) 2
AG sin t, cos 6π , cos t and sin 6π to A1 cso
give y in terms of x.
[3]
9
marks

40
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
Aliter
4. (a) x = sin t , y = sin ( t + π
6 ) = sin t cos 6π + cos t sin 6π (Do not give this for part (b))
Way 2 Attempt to differentiate x and y
wrt t to give dx
dt
in terms of cos
M1
and dydt
in the
form ±a cos t ± b sin t
dx dy
= cos t , = cos t cos 6π − sin t sin 6π dy
A1
dt dt Correct dx
dt
and dt

π dy cos 6π cos 6π − sin 6π sin 6π

When t = , =
6 dx cos ( 6π )
Divides in correct way and
substitutes for t to give any of the A1
3
− 1 1
1 four underlined oe:
= 4
3
4
= 2
3
= = awrt 0.58
2 2
3

π 1 3
The point ( 1
2
, 2
3
)
When t = , x= , y= B1
6 2 2 or ( 21 , awrt 0.87 )

Finding an equation of a tangent

T: y − 2
3
= 1
3
(x − ) 1
2
with their point and their tangent
gradient or finds c and uses dM1
y = (their gradient)x + " c " .
Correct EXACT equation of tangent A1 oe
oe.

or 2
3
= 1
3
( 21 ) + c ⇒ c = 2
3
− 6
3
= 3
3

or T: ⎡ y = ⎤
3 3
x+
⎣ 3 3
⎦
[6]

41
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
Aliter
4. (a) y= 2
3
x+ 1
2 (1 − x ) 2

Way 3 Attempt to differentiate two terms

dy 3 ⎛ 1⎞⎛ 1⎞ using the chain rule for the M1
( ) ( −2x )
− 21
= + ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ 1 − x2 second term.
dx 2 ⎝ 2 ⎠⎝ 2 ⎠ A1
Correct dy
dx

Correct substitution of x = 1
dy 3 ⎛ 1⎞⎛ 1⎞ 1 2
( ) ( −2(0.5)) =
− 21
= + 1 − (0.5)2
2 ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
dy A1
dx 3 into a correct
dx

When t =
π
6
, x=
1
2
, y=
2
3 The point ( 1
2
, 2
3
) or ( 1
2
, awrt 0.87 ) B1

Finding an equation of a tangent with

their point and their tangent gradient
or finds c and uses
T: y − 2
3
= 1
3
( x − 21 ) y = (their gradient)x + " c " .
dM1

Correct EXACT equation of tangent A1 oe

oe.

or 2
3
= 1
3
( 21 ) + c ⇒ c = 2
3
− 6
3
= 3
3

or T: ⎡ y = ⎤
3 3
x+
⎣ 3 3
⎦
[6]
Aliter
Substitutes x = sin t into the
4. (b) x = sin t gives y = 2
3
sin t + 1
2 (1 − sin t ) 2
equation give in y.
M1
Way 2
Nb : sin2 t + cos2 t ≡ 1 ⇒ cos2 t ≡ 1 − sin2 t

Use of trig identity to deduce that

cos t = (1 − sin2 t ) cos t = (1 − sin t ) .
2 M1

3
gives y = 2
sin t + 21 cos t

Using the compound angle formula to

Hence y = sin t cos 6π + cos t sin 6π = sin ( t + π
)
6 prove y = sin ( t + 6π ) A1 cso

[3]
9
marks

42
Question
Scheme Marks
Number

B1
5. (a) Equating i ; 0=6+λ ⇒ λ = −6 λ = −6
⇒d
Can be implied
Using λ = − 6 and

For inserting their stated λ into

equating j ; a = 19 + 4( −6) = − 5 either a correct j or k component M1 ⇒ d
Can be implied.

equating k ; b = −1 − 2( −6) = 11 a = −5 and b = 11 A1

[3]
With no working…
… only one of a or b stated correctly gains the first 2
marks.
… both a and b stated correctly gains 3 marks.
uuur
(b) OP = ( 6 + λ ) i + (19 + 4λ ) j + ( −1 − 2λ ) k

direction vector or l1 = d = i + 4 j − 2k
B B

uuur uuur Allow this statement for M1

OP ⊥ l1 ⇒ OP • d = 0 uuur
if OP and d are defined as above.

⎛ 6+λ ⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
⎜ ⎟
ie. ⎜ 19 + 4λ ⎟
⎜ ⎟
•⎜ 4 ⎟ = 0 ( or x + 4y − 2z = 0) Allow either of these two underlined
statements
M1
⎜ −1 − 2λ ⎟ ⎜ −2 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠

∴ 6 + λ + 4(19 + 4λ ) − 2( −1 − 2λ ) = 0 Correct equation A1 oe

6 + λ + 76 + 16λ + 2 + 4λ = 0 Attempt to solve the equation in λ dM1

21λ + 84 = 0 ⇒ λ = −4 λ = −4 A1

uuur Substitutes their λ into an

OP = ( 6 − 4 ) i + (19 + 4( −4) ) j + ( −1 − 2( −4)) k uuur M1
expression for OP
uuur
OP = 2 i + 3 j + 7 k 2 i + 3 j + 7 k or P(2, 3, 7) A1
[6]

43
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
Aliter
uuur
(b) OP = ( 6 + λ ) i + (19 + 4λ ) j + ( −1 − 2λ ) k
Way 2
uuur
AP = ( 6 + λ − 0 ) i + (19 + 4λ + 5 ) j + ( −1 − 2λ − 11) k

direction vector or l1 = d = i + 4 j − 2k
B B

Allow this statement

uuur uuur uuur uuur for M1
AP ⊥ OP ⇒ AP • OP = 0 uuur uuur
if AP and OP are
defined as above.

⎛ 6+λ ⎞ ⎛ 6+λ ⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ underlined
ie. ⎜ 24 + 4λ ⎟ • ⎜ 19 + 4λ ⎟ = 0 M1
⎜ −12 − 2λ ⎟ ⎜ −1 − 2λ ⎟ statement
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠

∴ ( 6 + λ )(6 + λ ) + (24 + 4λ )(19 + 4λ ) + ( −12 − 2λ )( −1 − 2λ ) = 0 Correct equation A1 oe

Attempt to solve the dM1

36 + 12λ + λ 2 + 456 + 96λ + 76λ + 16λ 2 + 12 + 24λ + 2λ + 4λ 2 = 0 equation in λ

21λ 2 + 210λ + 504 = 0

λ 2 + 10λ + 24 = 0 ⇒ ( λ = −6 ) λ = − 4 λ = −4 A1

uuur Substitutes their λ

OP = ( 6 − 4 ) i + (19 + 4( −4) ) j + ( −1 − 2( −4)) k into an expression
uuur M1
for OP
uuur
OP = 2 i + 3 j + 7 k 2 i + 3 j + 7 k or A1
P(2, 3, 7)
[6]

44
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
uuur
5. (c) OP = 2 i + 3 j + 7 k
uuur uuur
OA = 0 i − 5 j + 11k and OB = 5 i + 15 j + k

Subtracting vectorsuuu
tor find any two of
uuur uuur uuur uuur
AP = ± ( 2 i + 8 j − 4 k ) , PB = ± ( 3 i + 12 j − 6k ) AP , PB or AB ; and both are M1;
uuur
AB = ± ( 5 i + 20 j − 10 k ) uuur correctly
uuur ft using candidate’s A1 ±
OA and OP found in parts (a) and
(b) respectively.
uuur uuur uuur uuur
As AP = 2
3(3 i + 12 j − 6k ) = 2
3
PB AP = 2
3
PB
uuur uuur uuur uuur
or AB = 2 ( 2 i
5
+ 8 j − 4k ) = 52 AP or AB = 5
2
AP
uuur uuur uuur uuur
or AB = 53 ( 3 i + 12 j − 6k ) = 53 PB or AB = 5
3
PB
uuur uuur uuur uuur
or PB = 32 ( 2 i + 8 j − 4k ) = 32 AP or PB = 3
2
AP
uuur uuur uuur uuur
or AP = 52 ( 5 i + 20 j − 10k ) = 52 AB or AP = 2
5
AB
uuur uuur uuur uuur
or PB = 35 ( 5 i + 20 j − 10 k ) = 35 AB etc… or PB = 3
5
AB

alternatively candidates could say for example that

uuur uuur
AP = 2 ( i + 4 j − 2k ) PB = 3 ( i + 4 j − 2k )

then the points A, P and B are collinear. A, P and B are collinear A1

Completely correct proof.
uuur uuur
∴ AP : PB = 2 : 3 2:3 or 1: 32 or 84 : 189 aef B1 oe
2
allow SC 3 [4]

Aliter
At B; 5 = 6 + λ , 15 = 19 + 4λ or 1 = −1 − 2λ Writing down any of the three
5. (c) M1
or at B; λ = − 1 underlined equations.
Way 2
gives λ = − 1 for all three equations. λ = − 1 for all three equations
A1
or when λ = − 1 , this gives r = 5 i + 15 j + k or λ = − 1 gives r = 5 i + 15 j + k

Hence B lies on l1. As stated in the question both A Must state B lies on l1 ⇒
A1
B B
B B

and P lie on l1. ∴ A, P and B are collinear.

B B
A, P and B are collinear
uuur uuur
∴ AP : PB = 2 : 3 2:3 or aef B1 oe

[4]
13
marks

45
Question
Scheme Marks
Number

6. (a)
x 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
y 0 0.5 ln 1.5 ln 2 1.5 ln 2.5 2 ln 3
0.2027325541 1.374436098
or y 0 … ln2 … 2 ln 3
B1
Either 0.5 ln 1.5 and 1.5 ln 2.5
or awrt 0.20 and 1.37
(or mixture of decimals and ln’s) [1]

1 For structure of trapezium

(b)(i)
2
{
I1 ≈ × 1× 0 + 2 ( ln 2 ) + 2ln3}
rule {.............} ; M1;

1
= × 3.583518938... = 1.791759... = 1.792 (4sf) 1.792 A1 cao
2

(ii) 1
Outside brackets × 0.5 B1;
1 2
2
{
I2 ≈ × 0.5 ; × 0 + 2 ( 0.5ln1.5 + ln 2 + 1.5ln 2.5 ) + 2ln3} For structure of trapezium
M1
rule {.............} ;
1
= × 6.737856242... = 1.684464... awrt 1.684 A1
4
[5]

Reason or an appropriate
With increasing ordinates, the line segments at the top of
(c)
the trapezia are closer to the curve.
diagram elaborating the B1
correct reason.
[1]

46
Question
Scheme Marks
Number

⎪⎧u = ln x ⇒ dx = ⎪⎫ Use of ‘integration by parts’

du 1
x
6. (d) ⎨ dv ⎬ formula in the correct M1
⎩⎪ dx = x − 1 ⇒ v = − x ⎭⎪
x2
2 direction

⎛ x2 ⎞ 1 ⎛ x2 ⎞
I=⎜
⎝ 2
− x ⎟ ln x −
⎠ ∫ ⎜
x⎝ 2
− x ⎟ dx
⎠
Correct expression A1

An attempt to multiply at
⎛ x2 ⎞ ⎛x ⎞
=⎜
⎝ 2
− x ⎟ ln x −
⎠ ∫ ⎜ 2 − 1⎟ dx
⎝ ⎠
least one term through by 1x
and an attempt to ...

⎛ x2 ⎞ ⎛ x2 ⎞ … integrate; M1;
=⎜ − x ⎟ ln x − ⎜ − x ⎟ (+c)
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠ correct integration A1

3
⎡ ⎛ x2 ⎞ x2 ⎤
∴I = ⎢ ⎜ − x ⎟ ln x − + x⎥
⎣⎝ 2 ⎠ 4 ⎦1

= ( 32 ln 3 − 9
+ 3 ) − ( − 21 ln1 − 1
+ 1) Substitutes limits of 3 and
4 4 ddM1
1 and subtracts.

= 32 ln 3 + 3
4
+0− 3
4
= 32 ln 3 AG 3
2
ln 3 A1 cso

[6]
Aliter
6. (d)
∫ (x − 1)ln x dx = ∫ x ln x dx − ∫ ln x dx
Way 2
x2 x2 ⎛ 1 ⎞
∫ ∫
Correct application of ‘by
x ln x dx = ln x − . dx M1
2 2 ⎜⎝ x ⎟⎠ parts’

x2 x2
= ln x − (+ c) Correct integration A1
2 4

⎛ 1⎞
∫ ln x dx ∫ x. ⎜⎝ x ⎟⎠ dx
Correct application of ‘by
= x ln x − M1
parts’

= x ln x − x (+ c) Correct integration A1

3 Substitutes limits of 3 and ddM1

∴
∫ ( x − 1) ln x dx
1
= ( 92 ln3 − 2) − ( 3ln3 − 2) = 32 ln 3 AG 1 into both integrands and
subtracts.
3
2
ln 3 A1 cso
[6]

47
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
Aliter
⎧⎪u = ln x ⇒ du
dx
= x1 ⎫⎪ Use of ‘integration by parts’
6. (d) ⎨ dv ( x − 1)2 ⎬
formula in the correct M1
⎪⎩ dx = ( x − 1) ⇒ v = 2 ⎪⎭ direction
Way 3
( x − 1) ( x − 1)
2 2

I=
2
ln x −
∫ 2x
dx Correct expression A1

Candidate multiplies out

( x − 1)
2
x 2 − 2x + 1
=
2
ln x −
∫ 2x
dx numerator to obtain three
terms…

… multiplies at least one

( x − 1)
2
⎛1 1 ⎞
=
2
ln x −
∫ ⎜ 2 x − 1 + 2x ⎟ dx
⎝ ⎠
term through by 1x and then
attempts to ...

( x − 1) … integrate the result;

2
⎛ x2 1 ⎞ M1;
= ln x − ⎜ − x + ln x ⎟ (+c)
2 ⎝ 4 2 ⎠ correct integration A1

3
⎡ ( x − 1)2 x2 1 ⎤
∴I = ⎢ ln x − + x − ln x ⎥
⎢⎣ 2 4 2 ⎥⎦
1

= ( 2ln 3 − 9
+ 3 − 21 ln3 ) − ( 0 − 1
+ 1− 0) Substitutes limits of 3 and
4 4 ddM1
1 and subtracts.

= 2ln 3 − 21 ln 3 + 3
4
+ 1
4
− 1 = 32 ln 3 AG 3
2
ln 3 A1 cso

[6]

48
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
Aliter By substitution
6. (d) u = ln x ⇒ du
dx
= 1
x
Way 4
I=
∫ ( e − 1) .ue
u u
du Correct expression

Use of ‘integration by parts’

=
∫ (
u e2u − eu du ) formula in the correct M1
direction

⎛1 ⎞ ⎛1 ⎞
= u ⎜ e2u − eu ⎟ −
∫ ⎜⎝ 2 e − eu ⎟ dx
2u
Correct expression A1
⎝2 ⎠ ⎠

⎛1 ⎞ ⎛1 ⎞ Attempt to integrate; M1;

= u ⎜ e2u − eu ⎟ − ⎜ e2u − eu ⎟ (+c)
⎝2 ⎠ ⎝4 ⎠ correct integration A1

ln3
⎡1 1 ⎤
∴ I = ⎢ ue2u − ueu − e2u + eu ⎥
⎣2 4 ⎦ ln1

= ( 92 ln 3 − 3 ln 3 − 94 + 3 ) − ( 0 − 0 − 41 + 1) Substitutes limits of ln3

ddM1
and ln1 and subtracts.

= 32 ln 3 + 3
4
+ 1
4
− 1 = 32 ln 3 AG 3
2
ln 3 A1 cso

[6]
13
marks

49
Question
Scheme Marks
Number

dS dS
7. (a) From question, =8 =8 B1
dt dt

dS dS
S = 6x 2 ⇒ = 12x = 12x B1
dx dx

dx dS dS 8 2
dS dS 8
dt
=
dt
÷
dx
=
12x
;= 3
x
⇒ (k = 32 ) Candidate’s
dt
÷ ;
dx 12x
M1;
A1oe

[4]

dV dV
(b) V = x3 ⇒ = 3x 2 = 3x 2 B1
dx dx

dV dV dx ⎛ 2 ⎞ dV dx M1;
= × = 3x 2 . ⎜ ⎟ ; = 2x Candidate’s × ; λx
dt dx dt ⎝ 3x ⎠ dx dt A1

1 dV 1 1 dV 1
As x = V 3 , then = 2V 3 AG Use of x = V 3 , to give = 2V 3 A1
dt dt
[4]
Separates the variables with
dV
∫V ∫
−1
dV or V 3 dV on one side and
∫V =
∫ 2 dt
1
(c) 1
3 B1
3

∫ 2 dt on the other side.

integral signs not necessary.

∫V ∫ 2 dt
− 31
dV =
Attempts to integrate and …
2
2
… must see V 3 and 2t; M1;
3
2
V = 2t (+c)
3
A1
Correct equation with/without + c.

2 Use of V = 8 and t = 0 in a changed M1 ∗ ;

3
2
(8) 3 = 2(0) + c ⇒ c = 6 equation containing c ; c = 6 A1

2
Hence: 3
2
V 3 = 2t + 6
Having found their “c” candidate …

(16 2 )
2
3 3
= 2t + 6 ⇒ 12 = 2t + 6 … substitutes V = 16 2 into an depM1
2
equation involving V, t and “c”. ∗

giving t = 3. t=3 A1 cao

[7]

15
marks

50
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
Aliter
1 2 2
7. (b) x = V 3 & S = 6x 2 ⇒ S = 6V 3 S = 6V 3 B1
Way 2
dS −1 dV 1 31 dS −1 dV 1 31
= 4V 3 or = V = 4V 3 or = V B1
dV dS 4 dV dS 4

dV dS dV ⎛ 1 ⎞ 2 1 dS dV
= × = 8. ⎜ ;= = 2V 3 AG
1

− 31 ⎟ −1
Candidate’s × ; 2V 3 M1; A1
dt dt dS ⎝ 4V ⎠ V 3 dt dS

In ePEN, award Marks for

Way 2 in the order they appear on
this mark scheme.
[4]
Aliter
Separates the variables with
dV 1
∫ 2V ∫2V
− 31
dV or dV oe on one
∫ 2V =
∫ 1 dt
1
7. (c) 1
3 B1
3

side and
∫ 1 dt on the other side.
Way 2 integral signs not necessary.
1
∫ ∫
−1
V 3 dV = 1 dt
2
Attempts to integrate and …
2
M1;
( 21 ) ( 32 ) V … must see V 3 and t;
2
3
= t (+c)
Correct equation with/without + c. A1

2 Use of V = 8 and t = 0 in a changed M1 ∗ ;

3
4
(8) 3 = (0) + c ⇒ c = 3 equation containing c ; c = 3 A1

2
Hence: 3
4
V3 = t + 3
Having found their “c”
candidate …

( )
2
3
16 2
3
=t+3 ⇒ 6=t+3 … substitutes V = 16 2 into an depM1
4
equation involving V, t and “c”. ∗

giving t = 3. t=3 A1 cao

[7]

51
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
Aliter similar to way 1.
dV dV
(b) V = x3 ⇒ = 3x 2 = 3x 2 B1
dx dx
Way 3
dV dV dS dx ⎛ 1 ⎞ dV dS dx M1;
= × × = 3x 2 .8. ⎜ ⎟ ; = 2x Candidate’s × × ; λx
dt dx dt dS ⎝ 12x ⎠ dx dt dS A1

1 dV 1 1 dV 1
As x = V 3 , then = 2V 3 AG Use of x = V 3 , to give = 2V 3 A1
dt dt
[4]
Aliter
Separates the variables with
dV
∫V ∫
−1
dV or V 3 dV on one side and
∫V =
∫ 2 dt
1
(c) 1
3 B1
3

∫ 2 dt on the other side.

Way 3 integral signs not necessary.

∫V ∫ 2 dt
− 31
dV =
Attempts to integrate and …
2
4
2 … must see V 3 and t; M1;
V =
3 4
3
t (+c) 3
A1
Correct equation with/without + c.

2 Use of V = 8 and t = 0 in a changed M1 ∗ ;

(8) 3 = 34 (0) + c ⇒ c = 4 equation containing c ; c = 4 A1

2
Hence: V 3 = 4
3
t+4
Having found their “c” candidate …

(16 2 )
2
3
= 4
t+6 ⇒ 8 = 34 t + 4 … substitutes V = 16 2 into an depM1
3
equation involving V, t and “c”. ∗

giving t = 3. t=3 A1 cao

[7]

52