ASSIGNMENT#1

Date of Submission: 15/2/2011

1. Write a TCLCL code to implement a new FTP Agent . Show the usage of FTP Agent in Tool
Command Language Script. Show the step by step changes that you will make in c++ code of Ns-
2.34.

2. Define Quality of Service and its characteristics. Write a TCL Script to implement QoS
characteristics. Explain the changes that you will make in C++ code of ns-2.

3. What is the difference between a host and an end system? List the types of end systems. Is a Web
server an end system?

4. What are the types of transport services that the Internet provides to its applications? What are
some characteristics of each of these services?

5. What advantages does a circuit-switched network have over a packet-switched network?

6. Why is it said that packet switching employs statistical multiplexing? Contrast statistical
multiplexing with multiplexing that takes place in TDM.

7. What is the transmission rate of Ethernet LANs? For a given transmission rate, can each user on
the LAN continuously transmit at that rate?

8. What is meant by handshaking protocol?

9. Consider an e-commerce site that wants to keep a purchase record for each of its customers.
Describe how this can be done with cookies.

10. What is the difference between persistent HTTP with pipelining and persistent HTTP without
pipelining? Which of the two is used by HTTP/1.1?

11. Describe how web caching can reduce the delay in receiving a requested object. Will web caching
reduce the delay for all objects requested by a user or for only some of the objects? Why?

12. Consider an HTTP client that wants to retrieve a Web page at URL http://www.foo.com/blah.html.
The IP address of the server is initially unknown. The page at the above URL has one embedded
GIF image with URL http://www.foo.com/pic1.gif. Describe all application protocol interactions
involved in this scenario and the transport protocols used for each interaction.

13. Consider an organization that uses a proxy for its HTTP. A direct download of an object (if there
were no proxy) takes 1s. For a download from the origin server, the proxy adds 100ms local
overhead. A download from the proxy cache takes 100ms. Assuming the cache hit rate of 40%,
what is the average response time that HTTP clients in this organization experience?

14. Consider two hosts, A and B, connected by a single link of rate R bps. Suppose that the two hosts
are separated by m meters, and suppose the propagation speed along the link is s meters/sec. Host
A is to send a packet of size L bits to Host B.

i. Express the propagation delay, dprop, in terms of m and s.

ii. Determine the transmission time of the packet, dtrans, in terms of L and R.
iii. Ignoring processing and queuing delays, obtain an expression for the end to-end delay.
 iv. Suppose Host A begins to transmit the packet at time t = 0. At time t = dtrans, where is the
last bit of the packet?
v. Suppose dprop is greater than dtrans,.At time t = dtrans, where is the first bit of the packet?
vi. Suppose dprop is less than dtrans,.At time t = dtrans, where is the first bit of the packet?
vii. Suppose s = 2.5 * 108, L = 100 bits, and R = 28 kbps. Find the distance m so that dprop is
equal to dtrans.
15. Suppose two hosts, A and B, are separated by 10,000 kilometers. And are connected by a direct
link of R=l Mbps. suppose the propagation speed over the link is 2.5 * 108 meters/sec.

a. Calculate the bandwidth-delay product, R * tprop.

b. Consider sending a file of 400,000 bits from Host A to Host B. Suppose the file is sent
continuously as one big message. What is the maximum number of bits that will be in the link
at any given time?
c. Provide an interpretation of the bandwidth-delay product.
d. What is the width (in meters) of a bit in the link? Is it longer than a football field?
e. Derive a general expression for the width of a bit in terms of the propagation speed s, the
transmission rate R, and the length of the link m.